• Mycobiology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.139-144
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate physiological characteristics of Trichoderma spp. isolated from Pleurotus spp. Damage tests of Pleurotus spp. and mycotoxins tests of Trichoderma spp. were also done. The optimal growth temperature of Trichoderma spp. was $27{\sim}30^{\circ}C$. Although, T. longibrachiatum was able to grow at $37^{\circ}C$ and grew $30{\sim}40$ times faster than Pleurotus. The colony colour on PDA medium of T. cf. virens was yellowish green, T. longibrachiatum was yellow, and T. harzianum was turning to bright green. In damage tests of Pleurotus by Trichoderma, T. cf. virens caused the most severe damage to Pleurotus. T. longibrachiatum and T. harzianum caused less damage on Pleurotus but were able to cause greater damage to P. eryngii. One of the mushroom cultivars, P. ostreatus 8 was the most resistant to all Trichoderma spp.. Chitinolytic mycotoxin released by Trichoderma spp. caused 52.7% damage to Pleurotus. Mycotoxins released by T. longibrachiatum caused the greatest damaged(78.6%) on P. eryngii.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 1988

Electrophoretic isozyme patterns from mycelia, primordia, cap and stem of Pleurotus spp. collected in Korea were compared. Primordia, cap and stem of fruitbody showed very similar isozyme patterns but mycelial isozyme patterns were different from those of fruitbody. Isozyme patterns of malate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase in Pleurotus ostreatus collected from different regions in Korea were similar but those of esterase, peroxidase, leucine amino peptidase and superoxide dismutase were different. Interspecific comparison of esterase isozyme patterns among Pleurotus ostreatus P. cornucopiae and, P. florida was very different and may be valuable subsidiary tool to conventional taxonomic techniques for identifying species of Pleurotus. A dendrogram by similarities of isozyme band pattern was presented.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 1988

Isozyme band patterns were investigated by isoeletric focusing Esterase and Leucine amino peptidase of Pleurotus spp. in Korea. Esterase patterns of mycelia and fruitbody were distinquished. However, those of primordia, cap and stem were similar. Interspecies differences of Pleurotus ostreatus, P. cornucopiae and P. florida of Esterase zymogram were found. Species identification by electrophoretic zymogram may be a role as an additional taxonomic tool.

• Mycobiology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2021

Pleurotus species are commercially essential mushrooms and widely cultivated throughout the world. The production of Pleurotus mushrooms alone accounts for around 25% of that total cultivated mushrooms globally. In America and Europe, Pleurotus species are considered specialty mushrooms, whereas, in Korea, their cultivation is economically profitable, and it is one of the highly consumed species. Pleurotus species are predominantly found in tropical forests and often grow on fallen branches, dead and decaying tree stumps, and wet logs. Biographical studies have shown that the Pleurotus genus is among the more conspicuous fungi that induce wood decay in terrestrial ecosystems worldwide due to its formidable lignin-modifying enzymes, including laccase and versatile peroxidases. Pleurotus species can be grown easily due to their fast colonization nature on diversified agro-substrates and their biological efficiency 100%. Pleurotus mushrooms are rich in proteins, dietary fiber, essential amino acids, carbohydrates, water-soluble vitamins, and minerals. These mushrooms are abundant in functional bioactive molecules, though to influence health. Pleurotus mushrooms are finding unique applications as flavoring, aroma, and excellent preservation quality. Apart from its unique applications, Pleurotus mushrooms have a unique status delicacy with high nutritional and medicinal values. The present review provides an insight into the cultivation of Pleurotus spp. using different agro-waste as growth substances paying attention to their effects on the growth and chemical composition.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.193-198
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• 2022

The biological efficiencies of promising Pleurotus spp. were evaluated. Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus tuberregium,and Pleurotus sajor-cajuwere investigated at temperatures of 22℃, 20℃, and 18℃ to determine their ability to adapt to temperatures that are likely to be found in subtropical regions. The experiment was conducted using a substrate comprising Popular sawdust 60% + cotton seed 20% + beet pulp 20% under a relative humidity of 65%. The results indicated that there were significant differences in terms of biological efficiency between the species: P. tuber regium 128.84% at 22℃, P. ostreatus 108.41% at 22℃, and P. sajor-caju is 80% at 20℃. The common temperatures at which all species showed the highest biological efficiencies were 22℃ and 20℃. Therefore, the production of the evaluated species was equal to or surpassed biological efficiencies reported in tropical environments, thereby demonstrating a potential opportunity to adapt to tropical environments without compromising quality standards.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.147-151
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• 2002

Trichoderma spp. are the aggressive causal agents for green mold disease on oyster mushroom (Pleurotus spp.) cultivation. Antifungal bacteria (KATB 99121, KATB 99122 and KATB 99123 strains) were isolated from the compost for Pleurotus ostreatus. Among these bacterial strains, KATB 99121 strain showed an excellent inhibitory activity to the pathogens for green molds such as T. harzianum, T. viride and T. hamatum and an animal pathogen, Candida albicans, but did not affect on the culture of Pleurotus ostreatus (2209, Chunchu 2 and Wonhyung strains). KATB 99121 strain secreted amylolytic, proteolytic and cellulolytic exoenzymes. KATB 99122 and KATB 99123 strains excreted amylolytic, proteolytic, cellulolytic, lipolytic exoenzymes and showed ${\beta}$-glucosidase activity. Further studies will be conducted on the development of microbial fungicides using the antagonistic bacteria for the control of green mold disease on Pleurotus spp.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.25-28
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• 2000

The effect of ionic osmotic potential (Ψ$\pi$), and matric potential (Ψm) in the range of -0.2 to -4.0 Mpa on mycelial growth of three species of Pleurotus (P.florida, P.ostrenatus and P.safor-caju) were determined over a range of temperature (15-3$0^{\circ}C$) on a 2% malt extract agar medium and compared with the Ψ$\pi$ effect on growth of two strains of Trichoderma green mould. With the ionic solute KCl, optimun Ψ$\pi$for growth was -0.2 MPa for P.floreda and in the range of -0.2 to -0.5 MPa, with slight growth at -3.0 MPa and with nogrowth at -4.0 MPa. Of the species of Pleurotus, P.florida grew signigicantly slower than the other two species. Growt of the species of Pleurocus was significantly slower when water potential (Ψ$\omega$) was modified matrically with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000 then osmotically with KCl. They were also more sensitive to changes in Ψm than Ψ$\pi$The optimum Ψm of the Pleurotus was -0.5 Ψm, with no growth below -3.0 MPa. Of the species of Pleurotus, P.florida was most sensitive and P.sajor-caju was more tolerent to lowered Ψ$\pi$,but P.sajor-caju was most sensitive to lowered Ψm. The growth rate of the Trichoderma green mould strains was much faster than that observed for the Pleurotus spp. Optimum growth for bot strains of Trichoderma was in the range of -0.2 to -0.5 MPa. Strain CNU 503 was more tolerant to water stress than strain CNU 501. Both strains were able to grow up to 30% of optimum growth at -4.0 MPa at 25-3$0^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.6 no.3_4
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• pp.103-110
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• 2008

A cultivation of Pleurotus spp. on tree-stumps and logs, was first described at the beginning of the twentieth century. Now Pleurolus spp. is the most popular mushrooms in Korea. Especially, P. ostreatus has been cultivated for many years since artificial cultivation methods were developed in 1980's. Its productivity occurring almost 32% in Korea. To find the vision of mushroom research, the beginning and history of Pleurolus spp. cultivation were introduced worldwide based on Journal of Mushroom Science. The important innovation and history in cultivation were also discussed in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.23 no.3 s.74
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• pp.275-283
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• 1995

The nutritional requirements of mycelial growth for Pleurotus spp. were studied. As the carbon sources, soluble starch and dextrin, nitrogen sources, arginine and ammonium tartrate, and calcium sources, $CaCO_3$ enhanced mycelial growth. Optimum C/N ratio was 100 : 1. On the base of results from the experiment on nutritional requirements, the following receipe is suggested for growth of Pleurotus spp.; starch 15 g, arginine 3.484 g, ammonium tartrate 3.06 g, $CaCO_3$ 0.314 g, $KH_2PO_4$ 8.138 g, $K_2HPO_4$ 1.584 g, $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ 1.5 g for P. sajor-caju and 2.5 g for P. ostreatus. $FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ 0.02 g, $ZnSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ 0.03 g, $MnSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ 0.02 g, optimum pH 6.0. This new synthetic medium is tentatively designated as Park's medium.

• Mycobiology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.313-320
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• 2020

In Pleurotus sp., green mold, which is considered a major epidemic, is caused by several Trichoderma species. To develop a rapid molecular marker specific for Trichoderma spp. that potentially cause green mold, eleven Trichoderma species were collected from mushroom farms and the Korean Agricultural Culture Collection (KACC). A dominant fungal isolate from a green mold-infected substrate was identified as Trichoderma pleuroticola based on the sequences of its internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1) genes. In artificial inoculation tests, all Trichoderma spp., including T. atroviride, T. cf. virens, T. citrinoviride, T. harzianum, T. koningii, T. longibrachiatum, T. pleurotum, and T. pleuroticola, showed pathogenicity to some extent, and the observed symptoms were soaked mycelia with a red-brown pigment and retarded mycelium regeneration. A molecular marker was developed for the rapid detection of wide range of Trichoderma spp. based on the DNA sequence alignment of the ITS1 and ITS2 regions of Trichoderma spp. The developed primer set detected only Trichoderma spp., and no cross reactivity with edible mushrooms was observed. The detection limits for the PCR assay of T. harzianum (KACC40558), T. pleurotum (KACC44537), and T. pleuroticola (CAF-TP3) were found to be 500, 50, and 5 fg, respectively, and the detection limit for the pathogen-to-host ratio was approximately 1:10,000 (wt/wt).