• Mycobiology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.134-138
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• 2004

Water extracts of six plants, such as Allium sativum, A. cepa, Zingiber officinale, Platycodon grandiflorum, Oenanthe javanica, and Capsella brusapastoris, were tested in vitro for inhibitory activity against mycelial growth of anthracnose fungi, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, C. dematium, and C. coccodes. Among the plant extracts, an Allium sativum extract has good inhibitory effects in all the fungi. Four phytohormones namely, IAA(indole-3-acetic acid), NAA(a-Naphthyl acetic acid), 2,4-D(2,4-Dichloro phenoxy acetic acid) and BAP(Benzyl adenine purine) were used to find out the role over mycelial growth of these fungi. All the concentrations of BAP have good inhibitory effect against mycelial growth of these fungi than that of other tested plant hormones.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.11
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• pp.1386-1396
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum Platycodon grandiflorum root concentrate (PGRC, $65^{\circ}Brix$), fermented P. grandiflorum root extract by Lactobacillus plantarum (FPGRE, $2^{\circ}Brix$), and cactus Chounnyouncho extract (Cactus-E, $2^{\circ}Brix$) for preparation of PGRC stick product with FPGRE using response surface methodology (RSM). The experimental conditions were designed according to a central composite design with 20 experimental points, including three replicates for three independent variables such as amount of PGRC (8~12 g), FPGRE (0~20 g), and Cactus-E (0~20 g). The experimental data for the sensory evaluation and functional properties based on antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity were fitted with the quadratic model, and accuracy of equations was analyzed by ANOVA. For the responses, sensory and functional properties showed significant correlation with contents of three independent variables. The results indicate that addition of PGRC contributed to increased bitterness and acridity based on the sensory test and antimicrobial activity, addition of FPGRE contributed to increased antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity, and addition of Cactus-E contributed to increased fluidity based on the sensory test, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial activity. Based on the results of RSM, the optimum formulation of PGRC stick product was calculated as PGRC 8.456 g, FPGRE 20.00 g, and Cactus-Ex 20.00 g with minimal bitterness and acridity, as well as optimized fluidity, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial activity.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.282-287
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different soil texture in agronomic characteristics, root yield and quality of baloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC.). Three kinds of soil texture, sandy loam, silt loam and clay loam, were tested for two years. Baloon flowers were seeded with 20cm row space and cultivated in the one square meter pot with 0. 6m depth. Fifty plants per pot were remained. In growth characteristics of one-year-old plants, shooting date was not significantly different according to the changes of soil texture. The ratio of stem growth was highest between July and August. In two-years-old plants, it was showed between May and June. Plants grown on clay loam showed the highest growing characteristics than those of other soil textures. Dry root weight cultivated on clay loam was 274kg/10a in one-year-old and 934kg/10a in two-years-old plants. The content of ethanol extracts from root was highest at those of sandy loam as 47.1 % in one-year-old root. The crude saponin content was not different significantly among the three kinds of soil texture.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.175-179
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• 2007

In this study, we investigated the anti-obesity activity of extracts collected from wild plants in Jeju island. The inhibitory effect of plant extracts on the differentiation of preadipocyte 3T3-L1 was examined by oil red-O staining. We found that extracts collected from 6 plants among 31 plants, namely, Aralia elata(Miq.) Seem, Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg, Artemisia asiatica, platycodon grandiflorum(Jacq.) A. Dc., Polygonum cuspidatum S. et Z., Magnolia obovata Thunb, significantly inhibited preadipocyte differentiation. Additionally, 4 plant extracts were also found to have antioxidant activities in DPPH radical scavenging assay. Taken together, these results show that 6 plant extracts suppress the differentiation of preadipocytes, suggesting the potential use of 6 plant extracts as anti-obesity agents.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.199-205
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• 2002

In this study, we found a new food additive as an natural herbal extracts against lipid digestion enzymes for the regulation of fatty acid absorption and weight control. The Water extracts of Platycodon grandiflorum and Solanum melongena. inhibited lipase activity and decresed serum total cholesterol and triglyceride concentration in mouse fed lipid emulsion. Twenty three volunteers were subjected to the intake of the herbal extracts plus the egg yolk IgY that inhibit carbohydrate digestion enzymes in gut for 50 days. In average, the treated subjects appeared to lose 1.96 kg of body weight and 3.4 kg of body fat mass during the treated period. Furthermore, Panniculus adiposus and breech size were significantly decreased during the experimental period. Above results suggested that the administration of the dietary additives composed of natural herbal extract and egg yolk IgY improve the obesity by the decrement of body weight and body fat mass.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.399-402
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• 2002

Angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) belongs to the class of zinc protease and plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure. In this experiment, we investigated the inhibitory activities of medicinal plant extracts on ACE. Fifty medicinal plants were selected and the extracts were prepared by refluxing with 70% methanol. Among the extracts, eleven medicinal plant extracts such as Sedum sarmentosum Bunge, Petasites japonicus(s.et z.) Max, Rubus coreanus, Morus bombycis Koidz, Acorus calamus var. angustatus, Glycyrhiza glabra, Equisetum hyemale, Portulaca oleracea L., Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina Nakai, Sorbus commixta Hedl, Allium thunbergii showed more than 50% inhibitory activities, and Paeonia suffruticosa Andr., lnula helenium, Acanthopanax senticosus Harms, Dendrobium moniliforme, Juglans mandshurica, Zizyphus jujuba, Leonurus artemisia, Aster scaber Thunb, Vitex rotundifolia, Platycodon grandiflorum, Prunus persica, Ligularia fischeri showed $40{\sim}49%$ inhibitory activities. Therefore these extracts which contain high ACE inhibitory activities may be useful as antihypertension agents and to the treatment of hypertension.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.840-845
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• 2013

This study investigated the effects (i.e., the acetylcholinesterase activity, lipid peroxidation, and neuronal survival) of 20 kinds of medicinal water extracts. The water extracts of three medicinal plants - Cornus officinalis, Glycyrrhiza glabra, and Angelica gigas - were found to be the most effective on acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. In the lipid peroxidation-generating system induced by $H_2O_2/FeSO_4$ in rat brain homogenates, Perilla frutescens, Polygonum multiflorum, Cinnamomun cassia, and G. glabra exhibited protective activity against lipid peroxidation. The neuronal cell death induced by L-glutamate in PC12 was suppressed by the water extracts of G. glabra, Cinnamomun cassia, Platycodon grandiflorum, and Mentha arvensis at the concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$. Taken together, these results showed that the water extract of G. glabra has the potential anti-dementia activity, which suggests that it might provide an effective strategy for improving dementia.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 1999

To investigate phytotoxic substances in Equisetum arvense, the aqueous extracts(25 and 8$0^{\circ}C$) or the freeze-drying matter from aqueous extracts($25^{\circ}C$) of E. arvense were tested at different concentrations for biological activities on callus induction and growth, seed germination, seedling growth and antibacterial function. Callus induction and growth of Oryza sativa and Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis were inhibited by the aqueous extracts at 8$0^{\circ}C$ than at $25^{\circ}C$ and the higher concentrations. Callus growth of four receptor species was inhibited in order of Platycodon grandiflorum, Sesamum indicum, Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis and Oryza sativa. Seed germination of Ο. sativa, S. indicum, and B. campestris ssp. pekinensis was not affected at low concentration, but it was proportionally inhibited by the higher concentrations. The greatest inhibition of seed germination was 28.3% compared to control, when 2,000$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of freeze-drying matter was applied to B. campestris ssp. pekinensis. Shoot growth was stimulated by 500$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of freeze-drying matter, but it was inhibited by the higher concentrations. Root growth was significantly inhibited compare to control at all concentrations. Antibacterial activity of freeze-drying matter didn't showed against Xantomonas oryzae and Eschrichia coli, but a small clear zone was formed by 500$\mu\textrm{g}$ of freeze-drying matter against Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.163-169
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• 2021

Using the Caenorhabditis elegans model system, the antioxidant activity of methanol extract of the guzeunggupoprocessed Liriope platyphylla F. T. Wang (Liliaceae) tuber was calculated. Between the methanol extracts of guzeunggupo-processed and non-processed L. platyphylla tuber, the processed L. platyphylla tuber showed higher DPPH radical scavenging effect than the non-processed one. The ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the methanol extract of the guzeunggupo-processed L. platyphylla tuber showed the best DPPH radical scavenging activity. The ethyl acetate fraction of the processed sample was measured for the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and oxidative stress tolerance by using C. elegans along with reactive oxygen species level. In addition, to verify the regulation of the stress response gene is responsible for the increased stress tolerance of C. elegans treated by the ethyl acetate fraction of the processed sample, SOD-3 expression was measured using a transgenic strain (CF1553). Consequently, the ethyl acetate fraction of the processed sample, increased SOD and catalase activities, and decreased ROS accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate fraction of the processed sample-treated CF1553 worm showed higher SOD-3::GFP intensity than the control worm.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.9
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• pp.1405-1411
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• 2013

We investigated the physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activities of Doragi (Platycodon grandiflorum) at different aging temperatures (60, 70 and $80^{\circ}C$) and for various periods of duration (5, 10, 15, 30 and 50 days). As the temperature and duration were increased, the pH of Doragi water extracts decreased from 5.22 to 4.17, whereas total acidity increased from 0.265 to 0.998 lactic acid eq.%. In addition, browning index went up from 0.092 to 1.002 and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content steeply rose to 50.40 mg/g from its initial zero value with an increase in temperature and duration. The radical scavenging activity of ethanol extracts was enhanced with a rise in temperature and duration as evident from the value of total polyphenol content (0.589 to 2.358 mg/g), DPPH (0.149 to 1.244 mg Trolox eq/g) and ABTS (0.354 to 1.509 mg Trolox eq/g). The correlation between physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activities was high; the correlation between pH and total acidity showed a r value of -0.910 (P<0.01), whereas between browning index and 5-HMF content, the r value was 0.880 (P<0.01). Total polyphenol content and DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity were highly correlated with the r value of 0.885 (P<0.01) and 0.745 (P<0.01), respectively.