• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제45권9호통권460호
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• pp.562-570
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• 2007

Many dentists and patients expect that implant function and esthetics will not change over time. However, even the most successful implant restorations with ideal position, vertical height, and occlusion can be aesthetically pleasing, but may hide a common problem. Many dentists noticed that there can be some circumferential bone loss around the neck of the implants. To circumvent this bone loss, a "platform switching" concept was introduced recently. The basic concept of platform switching is by moving the fixture-abutment interface further away from the crestal bone to minimize crestal bone loss. Since crestal bone loss is a multifactor problem, it is important to consider microgap formation and micromotion between the implant and abutment because platform switching does not solve the problem on its own. In this article, we reviewed studies concerning platform switching and discussed the clinical application and the problems that may occur with its use.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2017

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of the platform switching concept on an implant system and peri-implant bone using three-dimensional finite element analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Two three-dimensional finite element models for wide platform and platform switching were created. In the wide platform model, a wide platform abutment was connected to a wide platform implant. In the platform switching model, the wide platform abutment of the wide platform model was replaced by a regular platform abutment. A contact condition was set between the implant components. A vertical load of 300 N was applied to the crown. The maximum von Mises stress values and displacements of the two models were compared to analyze the biomechanical behavior of the models. RESULTS. In the two models, the stress was mainly concentrated at the bottom of the abutment and the top surface of the implant in both models. However, the von Mises stress values were much higher in the platform switching model in most of the components, except for the bone. The highest von Mises values and stress distribution pattern of the bone were similar in the two models. The components of the platform switching model showed greater displacement than those of the wide platform model. CONCLUSION. Due to the stress concentration generated in the implant and the prosthodontic components of the platform switched implant, the mechanical complications might occur when platform switching concept is used.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.33-44
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• 2015

목적: 본 연구는 platform matching, platform switching을 시행한 임플란트의 변연골 소실을 비교하여 platform switching 개념의 임상적 의의를 평가하고자 한다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 원광대학교 치과병원 임플란트 센터에서 치료를 진행한 환자를 대상으로 임플란트 식립 시기, 직경, 길이, 지대주 연결방법 및 보철물 연결고정 유무를 조사하였다. 변연골 소실량을 측정하기 위해서 Emago advanced v5.6 프로그램을 사용하여 임플란트 식립 시와 가장 최근 내원 시의 치근단 방사선 사진을 비교하였다. 결과: 환자 82명의 임플란트 150개를 대상으로 6 - 63개월 동안 관찰한 결과 platform matching 임플란트는 $1.16{\pm}0.54mm$, platform switching 임플란트는 $0.68{\pm}0.27mm$의 변연골 소실을 나타내었다. 결론: Platform switching을 시행함으로써 임플란트의 변연골 소실을 줄이는 효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.727-735
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• 2005

Statement of problem. Platform switching in implant prosthesis has been used for esthetic and biological purpose. But there are few reports for this concept. Purpose. The purpose of this study is evaluation of platform switching in wide implant by three dimensional finite element analysis. Materials and Methods. The single implant and prosthesis was modeled in accordance with the geometric designs for Osstem implant system. Three-dimensional finite element models were developed for (1) a wide diameter 3i type titanium implant 5 mm in diameter, 13 mm in length with wide cemented abutment, titanium alloy abutment screw, and prosthesis (2) a wide diameter 3i type titanium implant 5 mm in diameter, 13 mm in length with regular cemented abutment, titanium alloy abutment screw and prosthesis(platform switching) was made for finite element analysis. The abutment screws were subjected to a tightening torque of 30 Ncm. The amount of preload was hypothesized to 650N, and round and flat type prostheses were loaded to 200 N. Four loading offset point (0, 2, 4, 6 mm from the center of the implants) were evaluated. Models were processed by the software programs HyperMesh and ANSA. The PAM-CRASH 2G simulation software was used for analysis of stress. The PAM-VIEW and HyperView were used for post processing. Results. The results from experiment were as follows; 1. von Mises stress value is increased in order of bone, abutment, implant and abutment screw. 2. von Mises stress of abutment screw is lower when platform switching. 3. von Mises stress of implant is lower when platform switching until loading offset 4 mm. 4. von Mises stress of abutment is similar between each other. 5. von Mises stress of bone is slightly higher when platform switching. Conclusion. The von Mises stress pattern of implant components is favor when platform switch ing but slightly higher in bone stress distribution than use of wide abutment. The research about stress distribution is essential for investigation of the cortical bone loss.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.346-353
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• 2011

연구 목적: 임플란트 식립 후 변연골 흡수에 따라 임플란트 주위 연조직이 재구성되며, 이에 따라 치료의 예후 및 심미성 등에 영향을 주게 된다. 그러므로 임플란트 경부 주위 골조직 보존을 위한 임플란트 경부에 다양한 디자인이 연구되고 있다. 본 고찰의 목적은 초기 변연골 흡수의 원인과 이에 따른 임플란트 주위의 연조직 변화에 대해 고찰하고, 어떠한 임플란트 경부 디자인이 임플란트 주위 조직의 보존에 유리한 지 알아보고자 한다. 연구 재료 및 방법: Pubmed database에서 임플란트 초기 변연골 흡수의 원인과 관련된 논문과 임플란트 경부의 여러 디자인에 관한 논문을 검색하여 분석하였다. 임플란트 경부 디자인은 one piece implant, two piece implant, internal hex abutment, external hex abutment, taper joint connection, butt joint connection, scalloped design abutment, platform switching concept에 관해 검토하였다. 결과: 초기의 임플란트 주위 조직 보존에 대하여 one piece implant가 two piece implant보다 유리한 것으로 여러 임상적, 실험적 연구가 있다. Two piece implant에서는 internal hex abutment가 external hex abutment보다, taper joint connection가 butt joint connection보다 유리할 것으로 보여진다. Scalloped design abutment에 대해서는 논쟁의 여지가 있어 더 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. Platform switching concept은 그 원인이 명확히 밝혀지지는 않았으나 임상적, 실험적으로 초기 임플란트 주위 조직 보존에 대해 유리한 것으로 판단된다. 결론: 임플란트 경부의 디자인마다 각각의 장단점이 있고 추가적인 연구가 더 필요한 제한이 있지만 현재까지의 선행 연구들을 분석 종합해 보면 초기 임플란트 주위 조직 보존을 고려한다면 가능한 경우 one piece implant가 유리할 것으로 판단되며, 보철적인 문제나 다른 이유로 인하여 two piece implant를 고려할 경우 platform switching concept, internal connection abutment, taper joint connection을 이용하는 것이 임플란트 주위 조직 보존에 좀더 유리할 것으로 사료된다.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2019

Purpose - The Millennial Generation, which grew in the wake of the spread of the Internet and rapid changes in the media environment, is rapidly moving from the traditional broadcasting environment to the Internet-broadcasting environment in terms of content acceptance. With the emergence of UGC (User-generated content), the change in the status of single-person content creators enables the growth of multi-channel networks (MCN), a new content-distribution platform and an agency concept for single creators. Youtube-based MCN produces multiple single star producers and casts and provides its own video series through Youtube. It is also emerging as a major M&A target for global media providers in terms of providing content to a wide range of consumers with the same interests and consumption characteristics. In addition, for the Millennials generation, which are part of their lives, MCN is becoming the most suitable media for TGIF (Twitter, Google, i-phone, Facebook). Accordingly, this study defines newly emerging MCNs and analyzes the factors for accepting MCN-produced content based on the push-pull-mooring (PPM) model. Research design, data, and methodology - An empirical analysis is performed through a questionnaire survey. For this purpose, 204 people who have experience of watching MCN were studied. Collected data is processed through analysis of a structural equation model using R to test the hypothesis. Results - For the MCN service to become an alternative to existing media, it is necessary to continuously promote cultural diversity and diversity of attempts that conventional media cannot provide. It is the attractiveness of the alternative that has the greatest influence on the intention to switch to a MCN service. When we look at MCN content so far, certain patterns such as game progress, introduction, food, and chat rooms have already appeared. We need to overcome this and develop a completely new conceptual content that we have never seen before. This requires a more generous viewer perception of the topics covered. For diversity, linguistic and verbal violence should be tolerant in common sense to provide a foundation for securing cultural diversity. Conclusions - In this study, we tried to develop a comprehensive approach to the substitution effect of MCN. In terms of academic achievement, the PPM model is used to enhance the utilization of media and broadcasting. Practical implications are to provide an analytical framework for verifying alternative or complementary effects when viewers switch to MCN.