• 공업화학
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.280-289
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• 2019

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) 및 그 유도체들인 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA)와 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF)는 넓은 응용 범위와 중요한 화학 물질 생산을 위한 좋은 대체 자원으로 인해 "잠자는 거인"으로 인식되고 있다. 본 미니-리뷰 논문은 과거부터 최근까지 이러한 바이오매스 유래 케미컬 플랫폼들에 대한 합성, 전환과 적용에 관해 간략히 소개한다. 많은 과학적 노력들이 자연 환경과 새로운 미래 세대를 보호하기 위해서 재생 가능한 재료들의 최대한 활용을 위한 자연친화적-적용가능한 방법들을 찾기 위한 노력이 지속적으로 행해지고 있다. 최선의 해결책 중 하나는 자연바이오매스로부터 플랫폼 케미컬을 개발하고 활용하는 것이다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.293-300
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• 2020

홍조류인 Eucheuma spinosum은 카라기난을 주된 다당으로 함유하고 있으며 Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, China, Tanzania 등지에서 상업적으로 생산되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 E. spinosum을 대상으로 FeCl₃-촉매 수열반응을 통하여 당과화학중간체(5-HMF, levulinic acid, formic acid)로전환하고자하였다. 통계적실험법(3-수준-3-인자의 Box-Behnken design)을 적용하여 반응인자(반응온도, 촉매농도, 반응시간)의 최적화와 영향을 평가하였다. 최적화 결과, 5-HMF의 농도는 160 ℃, 0.4 M FeCl₃, 10 min에서 2.96 g/L가 생성되었다. Levulinic acid와 formic acid의 최적 조건은 200 ℃, 0.6 M FeCl₃, 30 min으로 결정되었고, 농도는 각각 4.26 g/L와 3.77 g/L이었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.307-313
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• 2017

Objectives: Chemicals derived from various environment media contaminates food across the food supply chain. In Korea, levels of contaminants in food have been sporadically measured by monitoring programs of different government agencies. There is difficulty with data compilation and integrated analysis across media. Therefore, the aim of this study was to propose an overall integrated database and analytical platform design for the 'ECO-FOOD NET (Environmental COntaminant reduction platform for FOOD through an interagency collaboration NETwork)', a tool to support the reduction of environmental contaminants in food. Methods: We developed a new data structure and standardized protocols for the compilation of integrated data. In addition, we conducted subject-oriented logical and physical relational database modeling and created the architecture design of the platform. Results: We established a standardized code system related to exposure media and route, analysis method and food matrix. In addition, we designed the seven software modules of 'About the System', 'Introduction to Interagency Work', 'Media-Chemicals Profiles', 'Method Bank', 'Monitoring Data Base', 'Integrated Media Analysis', and 'Risk-Benefit Analysis'. Conclusions: This study will contribute to decision-making as a tool for executing risk management, such as sustainable reduction policies of contaminants in food.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.295-301
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• 2019

In this review, we describe the absorption rates (Caco-2 cell permeability) and hepatic/plasma pharmacokinetics of 53 diverse chemicals estimated by modeling virtual oral administration in rats. To ensure that a broad range of chemical structures is present among the selected substances, the properties described by 196 chemical descriptors in a chemoinformatics tool were calculated for 50,000 randomly selected molecules in the original chemical space. To allow visualization, the resulting chemical space was projected onto a two-dimensional plane using generative topographic mapping. The calculated absorbance rates of the chemicals based on cell permeability studies were found to be inversely correlated to the no-observed-effect levels for hepatoxicity after oral administration, as obtained from the Hazard Evaluation Support System Integrated Platform in Japan (r = -0.88, p < 0.01, n = 27). The maximum plasma concentrations and the areas under the concentration-time curves (AUC) of a varied selection of chemicals were estimated using two different methods: simple one-compartment models (i.e., high-throughput toxicokinetic models) and simplified physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling consisting of chemical receptor (gut), metabolizing (liver), and central (main) compartments. The results obtained from the two methods were consistent. Although the maximum concentrations and AUC values of the 53 chemicals roughly correlated in the liver and plasma, inconsistencies were apparent between empirically measured concentrations and the PBPK-modeled levels. The lowest-observed-effect levels and the virtual hepatic AUC values obtained using PBPK models were inversely correlated (r = -0.78, p < 0.05, n = 7). The present simplified PBPK models could estimate the relationships between hepatic/plasma concentrations and oral doses of general chemicals using both forward and reverse dosimetry. These methods are therefore valuable for estimating hepatotoxicity.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.185-193
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• 2016

Background: Management and workers in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) often find it hard to comprehend the requirements related to controlling risks due to exposure to substances. An intervention study was set up in order to support 45 SMEs in improving the management of the risks of occupational exposure to chemicals, and in using the control banding tool and exposure model Stoffenmanager in this process. Methods: A 2-year intervention study was carried out, in which a mix of individual and collective training and support was offered, and baseline and effect measurements were carried out by means of structured interviews, in order to measure progress made. A seven-phase implementation evolutionary ladder was used for this purpose. Success and failure factors were identified by means of company visits and structured interviews. Results: Most companies clearly moved upwards on the implementation evolutionary ladder; 76% of the companies by at least one phase, and 62% by at least two phases. Success and failure factors were described. Conclusion: Active training and coaching helped the participating companies to improve their chemical risk management, and to avoid making mistakes when using and applying Stoffenmanager. The use of validated tools embedded in a community platform appears to support companies to organize and structure their chemical risk management in a business-wise manner, but much depends upon motivated occupational health and safety (OHS) professionals, management support, and willingness to invest time and means.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2013

자연과학에 있어서 실험실습은 중요한 과정이다. 그러나 실험 과정에 대한 선행학습을 통해 자연과학 전공자들은 위험한 실험을 인지할 수 있고, 이를 통해 실제 실험에서의 위험을 피할 수 있다. 모바일 어플리케이션인 가상 실험 콘텐츠는 학습자에게 안드로이드 스마트폰이 가지고 있는 다양한 센서를 통해 상호작용을 제공한다. 그리고 본 논문에서 개발한 가상 실험 콘텐츠를 통해 학습자들은 화학 실험실습 도구를 다룰 수 있는 선행 학습을 수행하게 된다. 본 논문은 학습자들의 실험 능력을 향상시키기 위한 가상 실험 콘텐츠를 설계하고 개발하였다.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2012년도 제45회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 초록집
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• pp.175-176
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• 2012

As a carbon neutral fuel, biomass can be converted into various types of high-valued products such as synthetic natural gas (SNG), Hydrogen, Fischer - Tropsch (FT) diesel. and valuable chemicals. In order to make above mentioned products, gasificaion process is essential as energy utilization platform of solid biomass. In this study, state of the art and prospect for biomass gasification technologies are presented.

• 한국고분자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국고분자학회 2006년도 IUPAC International Symposium on Advanced Polymers for Emerging Technologies
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• pp.152-152
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• 2006

Polyolefins show a very healthy growth rate among commodity polymer resins due to their low feedstock prices, recyclable and environmentally friendly characteristics and easily controllable performances. Capacity investment in polyolefin field is now moving from technology region to consumer region and feedstock region. Therefore, key success factors for polyolefin business in the other region such as Korea are cost reduction, development of highly value-added products and new applications and substitution of PVC, PS, PET and other EPs. To add additional value to commodity polyolefin products, high level of platform technology such as catalyst, process and structure-properties relationship is needed. Progress on polyolefin products has been very closely related to catalyst and process technology. According to this trend, SK Corporation has devoted a lot of research effort into development of new value-added polyolefin products based on the proprietary technology platform.

• BMB Reports
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.149-158
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• 2016

Plants have evolved a vast chemical cornucopia to support their sessile lifestyles. Man has exploited this natural resource since Neolithic times and currently plant-derived chemicals are exploited for a myriad of applications. However, plant sources of most high-value natural products (NPs) are not domesticated and therefore their production cannot be undertaken on an agricultural scale. Further, these plant species are often slow growing, their populations limiting, the concentration of the target molecule highly variable and routinely present at extremely low concentrations. Plant cell and organ culture constitutes a sustainable, controllable and environmentally friendly tool for the industrial production of plant NPs. Further, advances in cell line selection, biotransformation, product secretion, cell permeabilisation, extraction and scale-up, among others, are driving increases in plant NP yields. However, there remain significant obstacles to the commercial synthesis of high-value chemicals from these sources. The relatively recent isolation, culturing and characterisation of cambial meristematic cells (CMCs), provides an emerging platform to circumvent many of these potential difficulties.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

The production of high-value chemicals from natural resources as an alternative for petroleum-based products is currently expanding in parallel with biorefinery. The use of lignocellulosic biomass as raw material is promising to achieve economic and environmental sustainability. Filamentous fungi, particularly Aspergillus species, are already used industrially to produce organic acid as well as many enzymes. The production of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes opens the possibility for direct fungal fermentation towards organic acids such as itaconic acid (IA) and fumaric acid (FA). These acids have wide-range applications and potentially addressable markets as platform chemicals. However, current technologies for the production of these compounds are mostly based on submerged fermentation. This work showed the capacity of two Aspergillus species (A. terreus and A. oryzae) to yield both acids by solid-state fermentation and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. FA was optimally produced at by A. oryzae in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (0.54 mg/g wheat bran). The yield of 0.11 mg IA/g biomass by A. oryzae is the highest reported in the literature for simultaneous solid-state fermentation without sugar supplements.