• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.1225-1234
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• 2005

Mode I stress intensity factor $(K_I)$ of Notched Ring Test(NRT) specimen for measuring slow crack growth resistance was found using finite-element method. The theoretical $K_I$ value of NRT was not available in any references and could not be solved analytically. At first, in order to verify the accuracy of the finite-element approach, published $K_I$ values of several cracks were calculated and compared with finite-element results. The results were in good agreement within inherent errors of theoretical $K_I$. Finally the mode I stress intensity factor of NRT was found using 2- and 3-dimensional finite-element methods and expressed as a function of the applied load. This enabled direct comparison of resistance to slow crack growth between NRT and Notched Pipe Test(NPT), which employ different loading regime.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.328-332
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• 1997

The ripe fruit of Hass avocado contains one of the highest elvels of cytochrome P-450 protein found in the plant kingdom. To determine whether wounded roots of avocado contain P-450 protein, the roots of avocado were wounded by slicing, and then allowed to incubate in sealed plastic bags, in 0.4M mannitol, and in the solution to make protoplast preparation containing cellulysin and macerase during the specified times. The microsomal proteins were extracted from the samples, separated by SDS-PAGE, and then subjected to Western blot analysis using polyclonal antibodies which are generated against the CYP71A1 protein. wounded roots in sealed bags produced CYP71A1 within 6 hours after cutting, and those in 0.4M mannitol did not produce CYP71A1 even after 72 hours, but those in the protoplast preparation by cellulysin and macerase induced and produced CYP71A was induced in only 24 hours. These results indicate that CYP 71A1 plays a role for wound healing for root tissue o avocado, and would-inducible P-450 protein was not detected in the mannitol solution by preventing a synthesis of ethylene in a liquid state, but the softening of tissues by cellulysin and macerase to make protoplast preparation was involved in an activation of CYP 71A1 even in the liquid state.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.992-997
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• 2012

수수의 재생력과 양분 흡수력을 이용해 시설재배지에 집적된 토양양분의 효율적 이용방법 개발을 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 비닐하우스에 수수를 재배하여 주요 생육시기별로 예취한 후 재생경의 생육 및 양분흡수 특성을 구명한 결과는 다음과 같다. 예취 후 재생경의 출수 소요일수는 유숙기 예취시 35일로 가장 짧게 나타났으며, 가장 긴 소요일수를 보인 출수기도 44일로 관행재배시보다 짧은 소요일수를 나타냈다. 예취 후의 누적 초장에서는 유숙기에서 379.4 cm로 가장 길게 나타났고, 예취 시기가 늦을수록 작은 경향을 보였으며 가장 짧은 무예취구와는 약 2배의 차이를 보였다. 그러나 수수의 Biomass는 초장과 달리 출수기 예취구가 1.73 Mg $10a^{-1}$로 가장 많은 생산량을 나타냈으며 종실은 무예취구에서 가장 많은 수량을 나타냈다. 식물체 부위별 농도에서 T-N은 잎>이삭>줄기 순으로 나타났으며, 대체적으로 생육초기인 10엽기에서 각 부위별로 높은 양분함량을 보였으며 수확시기에서는 $K_2O$를 제외한 나머지 $P_2O_5$, CaO와 MgO가 줄기보다는 잎에서 높은 함량을 보였다. 지상부의 양분흡수량은 예취시기에 따라 출수기>무예취구>유수형성기${\geq}$유숙기>10엽기 순으로 나타났다. N의 흡수량은 출수기의 $P_2O_5$을 제외한 $K_2O$, CaO, MgO은 무예취구에서 가장 많은 흡수량을 보였으며 평균 흡수량보다 모두 높은 처리구는 출수기와 무예취구로 나타났다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

본 연구는 안전하고 위생적인 오디 생산을 위한 기초자료를 확보하고자 수행하였다. 오디 재배 농가 6개소를 방문하여 숙도별 오디 시료를 재배형태에 따라 수집하여 미생물 부하량을 분석하였다. 오디의 총 호기성 일반세균수를 요인분석한 결과 재배형태와 숙도의 상호작용은 없었고, 재배형태와 숙도가 각각 총 호기성세균 수에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 재배형태에 따라서는 하우스 재배 오디에서 평균 5.32 log CFU/g, 노지 재배 오디에서 평균 6.88 log CFU/g이 검출되어 하우스 재배에 비해 노지 재배에서 총 호기성세균의 수가 유의적으로 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. 숙도에 따라서는 초록색 오디에서 5.39 log CFU/g, 빨간색 오디에서 평균 4.32 log CFU/g, 검은색 오디에서 평균 7.32 log CFU/g로 검출되어 초록색 오디와 빨간색 오디에 비해 검은색 오디에서 총 호기성세균의 수가 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 노지재배에서 외부환경에 오염원이 있을 경우 오디의 미생물 부하량에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 가축출입이 없는 구역과 가축출입이 있는 구역의 토양과 오디 시료의 위생지표세균 수를 조사하였다. 가축출입이 없는 구역에서는 대장균군 및 대장균이 검출되지 않았으나 가축출입이 있는 구역의 경우 대장균이 토양에서 4.26~4.94 log CFU/g, 오디에서 5.03~6.07 log CFU/g 수준으로 검출되었다. 뽕나무 밑에 닭을 키우거나 염소가 출입할 경우 가축분변에 의해 토양이 오염될 수 있고, 오염된 토양과의 접촉을 통해 오디에도 미생물이 오염될 가능성이 있다고 보인다. 따라서 생과용 오디 생산을 목적으로 뽕나무를 재배할 경우에는 농장 내에 가축 출입을 제한하고 토양이 오염되지 않도록 관리할 필요가 있다. 숙도가 증가할수록 오디의 미생물 오염도가 높아지는지를 분석하기 위해 숙도별 오디 (초록색, 빨간색, 검은색 오디)에 각각 대장균을 접종하여 시간의 흐름에 따른 대장균의 밀도변화를 조사하였다. 초록색 오디는 두 온도에서 모두 대장균이 증식하지 않았지만, 빨간색 오디와 검은색 오디 시료에서는 $20^{\circ}C$ 약 2 log CFU/g, $37^{\circ}C$ 약 4 log CFU/g 증가하였고, 빨간색 오디보다 검은색 오디에서 더 빠른 시간 내에 증가하는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 따라서 오디 열매가 익어갈수록 당도가 높아져 대장균이 증식하기 쉬우므로 오디가 유해 미생물에 오염되지 않도록 사전에 예방하는 것이 중요하다.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

This study was carried out to breed and develop high quality and functional nutrient tomato with multi disease resistance as well as a stable growing adaptation for fresh market usage under protected plastic houses cultivation. The materials were used 5 inbred lines and their 6 hybrids of large tomato group, which have been bred and developed from 1999 to 2007 in Division of Plant Resource Department of Chungnam National University. Fruit weight showed hybrid vigor effect that $F_1$ hybrids weighed more than their parent lines, fruit shape formed three type of oblate, deep oblate and globe shape, in firmness and pericarp thickness have got a high significant correlation, inbred DN611 line was measured the most firm fruit with 6.04 mm pericarp thickness. In fruit color at maturity, pink color crossed to red color appeared all red fruit color in the $F_1$ hybrids, it means red skin color is a dominant gene compared to pink skin color is a recessive gene in tomato, while between fruit skin color and shoulder part color showed no any co-relationship. The sugar content and titratable acid of $F_1$ hybrids inherited an intermediate data of their parent lines, the flavor of KP543 inbred line and the hybrid (JB535 x KP543) revealed the better taste with high brix and proper titratable acid content$^{*}$. In beta carotene content DN611 line showed 2~3 times higher than other materials so that its 3 hybrids contained an increased level of beta carotene, lycopene content was not so much difference among inbred lines and $F_1$ hybrids, of them MD508 contained higher of 8.72 mg and hybrid (JB535 x JA517) had 8.05 mg lycopene content per 100 g fruit, overall pink skin color and red skin color measured a higher lycopene content than yellow and orange skin color at ripe stage. In disease resistance test by PCR marker for Fusarium race2 (I2), Nematode (Mi1), ToMV ($Tm2^2$), Cladosporium (Cf9), (JB535 x JA517) hybrid have got multi-resistance with homozygote band in Nematode, ToMV, Cladosporium and heterozygote band in Fusarium race2. Through this breeding program we could select high quality and functional nutrient with multi resistant $F_1$ hybrids and inbred lines in tomato which are two best hybrids (JB535 x MD508), (JB535 x JA517), additionally developed high beta carotene inbred line DN611 and increased the level of lycopene inbred line MD508. These results will be very useful to make a high quality tomato variety continuously.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.1854-1863
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• 2019

Objective: To effectively use corn stover resources as animal feed, we explored the chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of corn stover during field exposure and the fermentation characteristics of silage prepared with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and cellulase. Methods: Corn ears including the cobs and shucks were harvested at the ripe stage. The corn stover was exposed in the field under natural weather conditions. Silages were prepared after 0, 2, 4, 7, 15, 30, and 60 d of exposure. Corn stover was chopped into approximately 1 to 2 cm lengths and then packed into 5 liter plastic silos. The ensiling density was $550.1{\pm}20.0g/L$ of fresh matter, and the silos were kept at room temperature ($10^{\circ}C$ to $25^{\circ}C$). Silage treatments were designed as follows: without additives (control), with LAB, with cellulase, and with LAB+ cellulase. After 45 d of fermentation, the silos were opened for chemical composition, fermentation quality and in vitro digestion analyses. Results: After harvest, corn stover contained 78.19% moisture, 9.01% crude protein (CP) and 64.54% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) on a dry matter (DM) basis. During field exposure, the DM, NDF, and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents of corn stover increased, whereas the CP and water-soluble carbohydrate contents and in vitro digestibility of the DM and CP decreased (p<0.05). Compared to the control silage, cellulase-treated silage had lower (p<0.05) NDF and ADF contents. The pH values were lower in silage treated with LAB, cellulase, or LAB+cellulase, and lactic acid contents were higher (p<0.05) than those of the control. Silage treated with cellulase or LAB+cellulase improved (p<0.05) the in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) compared to that of the control or LAB-treated silage. Conclusion: Corn stover silage should be prepared using fresh materials since stover nutrients are lost during field exposure, and LAB and cellulase can improve silage fermentation and IVDMD.