• 보존과학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.379-385
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• 2018

본 연구는 열화된 플라스틱 작품의 보존처리를 위해 작품의 상태조사 및 재질분석을 실시하였으며, 보존처리에 주로 사용되는 접착제 5종(EVA계, PVAc계, Cyanoacrylate계)의 물성 및 접합특성을 평가하여 작품에 적합한 접착제를 선정하고자 하였다. 작품은 현재 열화로 인해 표면의 균열, 들뜸, 형태적 변형이 발생하였으며, FT-IR을 통한 재질분석결과, 작품에 사용된 합성수지는 EVA계로 추정되었다. 접착제의 물성평가를 위해 산성도 및 경도 측정을 실시한 결과, 산성도는 접착제 종류에 따라 다르게 나타났으며, 경도는 EVA계 보다 PVAc계 접착제가 더 높게 측정되었다. 의사시편을 제작하여 인공열화 후 접합특성을 비교한 결과, PVAc, Cyanoacrylate계 접착제는 색차 및 경도가 크게 증가하는 모습을 보인 반면 EVA계 접착제는 변화가 적어 가장 안정하였다. 작품의 보존처리 재료로써 EVA계 접착제가 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 실제 작품을 대상으로 실시한 처리재료 연구로써 현재 플라스틱 작품의 보존처리에 대한 국내 연구가 부족한 상황에서 기초 자료로 활용 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.81-84
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• 2014

This report described a case in which diagnostic radiographs showed irregular dense radiopaque strings and curved lines in the head and neck area. These artifacts could lead to misinterpretation since they may obscure anatomical structures and/or mask critical structures/pathologies. A more detailed history of the patient indicated that these strings originated from a facelift procedure in which a gold-wire technique was used. Considering that such intervention may cause a radiodiagnostic burden, it should be included in the anamnesis prior to radiography.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.782-791
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• 2021

Objective: To evaluate the signal intensity of the periosteum using ultrashort echo time pulse sequence with three-dimensional cone trajectory (3D UTE) with or without fat suppression (FS) to distinguish from artifacts in porcine tibias. Materials and Methods: The periosteum and overlying soft tissue of three porcine lower legs were partially peeled away from the tibial cortex. Another porcine tibia was prepared as three segments: with an intact periosteum outer and inner layer, with an intact periosteum inner layer, and without periosteum. Axial T1 weighted sequence (T1 WI) and 3D UTE (FS) were performed. Another porcine tibia without periosteum was prepared and subjected to 3D UTE (FS) and T1 WI twice, with positional changes. Two radiologists analyzed images to reach a consensus. Results: The three periosteal tissues that were partially peeled away from the cortex showed a high signal in 3D UTE (FS) and low signal on T1 WI. 3D UTE (FS) showed a high signal around the cortical surface with an intact outer and inner periosteum, and subtle high signals, mainly around the upper cortical surfaces with the inner layer of the periosteum and without periosteum. T1 WI showed no signal around the cortical surfaces, regardless of the periosteum state. The porcine tibia without periosteum showed changes in the high signal area around the cortical surface as the position changed in 3D UTE (FS). No signal was detected around the cortical surface in T1 WI, regardless of the position change. Conclusion: The periosteum showed a high signal in 3D UTE and 3D UTE FS that overlapped with artifacts around the cortical bone.

• 분석과학
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.336-344
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• 2011

문화재 보존처리 시 사용되는 에폭시계수지에 플라스틱 첨가제 중 하나인 자외선 안정제를 첨가함으로써 수지의 광노화를 예방하는데 효과가 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 문화재 접합 및 복원 과정에서 많이 사용되는 3가지 에폭시계수지에 HALS계와 UVA계 자외선 안정제를 농도별로 첨가하여 시편을 제작하였으며, 자외선 노화 실험을 실시하여 색도 변화, SEM 관찰, 접촉각, FT-IR 분석을 하였다. 또한 인장 전단 접착 강도 시험을 통해 자외선 안정제 첨가 유무에 따른 에폭시계수지의 물성 변화를 확인하였다. 분석 결과, 자외선 안정제를 첨가하여도 화학 구조상의 분해를 방지할 수 없지만 에폭시 R과 에폭시 A는 UVA계 자외선 안정제를 0.1% 이하 첨가함으로써 에폭시계수지의 접착 강도에 크게 영향을 미치지 않고 황변현상이나 균열과 같은 광노화로부터 최소화 할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 이를 통해 문화재접합 및 복원에 사용되는 에폭시계수지의 광노화 문제점을 보완하고 접합 및 복원재로서의 수명을 연장시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.127-138
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• 2013

최근 현대 예술 작품 재료로 널리 쓰이고 있는 플라스틱은 온, 습도 및 자외선 등 다양한 환경 요인에 노출되어 심각한 손상이 진행되고 있다. 특히 플라스틱은 초기 열화 속도가 매우 빠르고 열화가 시작되면 본래의 모습으로 되돌아갈 수 없음에 따라 플라스틱 작품 보존에 대한 종합적인 연구는 매우 중요하나 국내에서는 현재까지 이에 대한 연구사례가 많지 않다. 이에 본 연구는 국외의 플라스틱 작품의 가치 상승 현황과 영국과 프랑스 등에서 현재 수행되고 있는 과학적 동정 기술 및 세척 방법에 대하여 조사하였다. 또한 PVC, PE, PP, PS, PU 총 5 종의 표준 플라스틱 시편을 제작하여 증류수, 에탄올, 아세톤, 고무 지우개의 4 종에 대한 세척력과 시아노아크릴레이트, 에폭시, 아크릴, 크로로프렌 고무계의 접착제 4 종을 실험하였다. 그 결과 세척제는 에탄올과 아세톤의 효능이 가장 뛰어났으며, 접착제는 시아노아크릴레이트 계와 에폭시 계가 인공 열화 이후에도 효능과 안정성이 뛰어난 것을 확인하였다. 이상의 연구는 향후 우리나라 플라스틱 보존을 위한 기초 연구 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.423-430
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• 2008

Purpose: Computed tomography theoretically should improve detection of foreign bodies and provide more information of adjacent soft tissues. And the CT scanner and PACS program proved to be an excellent instrument for detection and localization of most facial foreign bodies above certain minimum levels of detectability. The severity of injury in penetrating trauma to the face, it is often underestimated by physical examination. Diagnosis of a retained foreign object is always critical. Methods: From March, 2005 to February 2008 a study was done with 200 patients who had facial trauma. Axial and coronal CT images were obtained with a General Electric(Milwaukee, Wis) 9800 CT scanner at 130 kV, 90 mA, with a 2-mm section thickness and a $512{\times}512$ matrix. Results: Axial and coronal CT images at various window widths should be used as the first imaging modality to detect facial foreign bodies. The attenuation coefficients for the metallic and nonmetallic foreign bodies ranged from -437 to +3071 HU. As a general rule, metallic foreign bodies produced more Hounsfield artifacts than nonmetallic foreign bodies, thus providing a clue to their composition. All of the metallic foreign bodies were represented by a single peak and had a maximum attenuation coefficient of +3071 HU. Of the nonmetallic foreign bodies, glass had an attenuation coefficient that ranged from +105 to +2039, while plastic had a much lower coefficient that ranged from -62 to -35. wood had the lowest range of attenuation coefficients: -491 to -437. Conclusion: The PACS program allows one to distinguish metallic from nonmetallic foreign bodies and to individually identify the specific composition of many nonmetallic foreign bodies. This program does not, however, allow identification of the specific composition of a metallic foreign body. We recommend this type of software program for CT scanning of any patient with an injury to the face in which a foreign body is suspected.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.455-460
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 프탈레이트 화합물 측정 시 시료채취 및 분석과정 증에서 야기될 수 있는 공시료의 오염여부를 평가하고 clean-up 절차와 같은 적절한 개선 방안을 제시하였다. 실험도구 및 시료채취 매체에 대한 공시료를 평가한 결과 많은 종류의 실험기구 및 장치에서 DBP와 DEHP가 잔존하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 실험도구는 반드시 전처리하여 사용해야 하며, 이후 공시료 보정이 수반되어야 한다. 또한 본 연구에서 제시한 clean-up 방법을 통해 불순물이 많이 제거되었으며, GC/MS를 이용한 정성?정량분석에서 정도개선에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2015년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.582-585
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• 2015

고령화 사회로 인한 관절 질환 환자의 증가로 TKRA(Total Knee Replacement Arthroplasty)가 증가하고 있다. 이에 따라 TKRA에 사용되는 인공관절에 의해 MRI영상에서 금속인공물이 발생하게 되는데 이는 진단에 영향을 미치게 된다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 Co-Cr, Ni-Ti 소재의 인공관절과 시퀀스 변화를 주어 영상에서의 영향을 최소화시켜 진단의 효과를 높이고자 한다. 1.5T AVANTO장비와 플라스틱 통, 각각의 인공관절(Normal, Co-Cr, Ni-Ti)을 사용하였으며 종이컵 안에 인공관절을 고정시킨 후 원통 모양의 플라스틱 통 안에 넣어 신호강도를 측정하였다. 균일하고 강한 신호강도를 획득하기 위하여 플라스틱 통은 물로 채웠다. 시퀀스는 T1 TSE, T2 TSE, PD TSE로 변화하면서 실험하였고 Axial영상을 획득하였다. 신호강도는 동일한 크기의 관심영역을 설정하여 최대값, 최소값을 제외한 후 평균을 구해 SNR, CNR을 측정하고 Image J를 이용해 PSNR을 측정하였다. 결과적으로 PD TSE가 T1 TSE, T2 TSE에 비하여 SNR과 CNR 값이 크게 나타나왔고 Co-Cr이 Ni-Ti에 비하여 PSNR의 수치도 크게 나타나고 Normal의 SNR 값과 유사하게 나타난 것으로 보아 PD TSE의 시퀀스와 Co-Cr의 합금을 사용하는 것이 진단 및 판독을 하는데 있어서 유용할 것으로 사료된다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.461-468
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• 2009

Purpose: Platelet derived growth factor(PDGF)-BB and bone morphogenetic protein(BMP)-2 are well-known representative growth factors. The purposes of this study were to investigate the effect of rhPDGFBB and rhBMP-2 on osseointegration of titanium implants at periimplant bone defects grafted with hydroxyapatite and to evaluate the feasibility of imaging bone structures around screw-type titanium implant with micro-CT. Materials and Methods: The first molar and all premolars in the mandible region of four beagle dogs were extracted. Following a healing period of 4 months, three $8{\times}8{\times}6mm$-sized bony defects were formed and screw-type titanium implants were placed with hydroxyapatite(HA) block and growth factors; Control group, PDGF group and BMP group. Two months post-implantation, the mandible was harvested. Bone volume(BV), bone-to-implant contact(BIC) and bone mineral density(BMD) were analyzed with micro-CT and histology. Results: According to micro-CT analysis, BV and BMD measures of PDGF and BMP group were significantly higher than control group(BV; PDGF group: $p{\fallingdotseq}0.011$, BMP group: $p{\fallingdotseq}0.006$/BMD; PDGF group: $p{\fallingdotseq}0.020$, BMP group: $p{\fallingdotseq}0.011$) and BIC measures of BMP group were significantly higher than PDGF group($p{\fallingdotseq}0.015$). In histologic evaluation, BIC measures of BMP group was significantly higher than PDGF group($p{\fallingdotseq}0.048$). The values of BV in histologic sections were higher than in micro-CT images and the values of BIC in micro-CT images were higher than in histologic sections. Conclusion: The findings of this experimental study indicates that the use of rhPDGF-BB and rhBMP-2 can increase new bone formation in a large bony defect around titanium implant, and rhBMP-2 is more effective than rhPDGF-BB. Micro-CT can be considered useful for assessment as a rapid and nondestructive method for 3-dimensional measurement of bone healing around implants. Further study is necessary, however, to remove metal artifacts around titanium implant and to standardize the method.

• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제7호
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• pp.125-163
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• 2009

The artworks of Socialist Realism of the former Soviet Union, with the beginning of the 21st century, are gaining a new attention from art collectors. One reason for this might consist in the fact that relevant art pieces exemplify the ways in which they visualize ideas on the basis of their high-profile art tradition and also in which they integrate their utopian ideals with mysticism. These aspects of the Soviet art goes far beyond the wide-spread assumption that their art, as a means of propaganda, principally represents a political allegiance to the system. With Stalin coming into power in the 1930s, the artistic trend of Socialist Realism obtained a nationwide sympathy and support from people, giving birth to a new art which essentially corresponded to the demands of the political power. An official art current of the USSR over the period from the 1930s to 1950s, Socialist Realism was in tandem with the Communist commitment to the party and popularity, symbolizing a loyalty to the cause. It was thus characterized by plainness and lucidity so that ordinary people could gain easy access to art. Its salient feature, over an entire range of art, was an optimistic pursuit of a utopian dream. Therefore, it tallied with the popular sentiment for a Communist paradise, giving form to their beliefs in human agency working at the materialist world and also to such abstract concepts as force, fitness, and beauty by adding even mythical ideals. Its main subject matter includes harvest feasts of collective farms, imaginary socialist cities, grand marches of heroic laborers and in this way it served as a propaganda for a sacred utopia of socialist totalitarianism. On the other end of the spectrum, however, rose the second camp of art, which put an emphasis on bona-fide artistic activities of plastic art and on an artist's personal expression and freedom, as opposed to the surface optimism of Socialist Realism. Central to the Russian Avant Garde art, which prized the above-mentioned values, were Malevich's Geometric Abstraction and A. Rodchenko's Constructivism. Furthermore, in the transitional era of the late 20th century and the 21st century it was recognized that film art or electronic media art, rather than traditional genre of paintings, would function as a more efficient way of propaganda. These new genres were made possible by ridiculing the stereotypes of the Russian lifestyle and also by ignoring ethical or professional dimensions of artworks. That is, they reinvented themselves into a sort of field art, seemingly degrading the quality of artworks and transforming them into artifacts or simulacres in the very sense of post-modernism. The advent of the new era brought about the formation and occupation of pop culture of the younger generations, calling into question the idea of art as the class-determined. It also increased the attention to field art, which extensively found way to modern art centers, galleries, and exhibition projects. It can be stated that this was a natural outcome of human nature.