• 제목/요약/키워드: Plastic Mode

검색결과 462건 처리시간 0.026초

다양한 파장의 LED 조사를 통한 참다래 과실의 산 함량 조절 (Regulation of Acid Contents in Kiwifruit Irradiated by Various Wavelength of Light Emitting Diode during Postharvest Storage)

  • 백광현;장명환;곽용범;이세원;윤해근
    • 청정기술
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.88-94
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    • 2010
  • 참다래(‘헤이워드’) 과실을 저온 및 상온 저장 중에, 여러 다른 파장의 light emitting diode (LED) 광원을 조사한 후 과실의 경도, 당도 및 산함량의 변화를 분석하였다. 과실 경도는 $4^{\circ}C$보다 $25^{\circ}C$에서 크게 감소하였고, 1주 동안 LED 파장을 조사했을 때, 440 nm와 660 nm의 LED 광원을 처리한 참다래가 암실처리 보다 경도가 높게 유지되었고 380 nm UV등과 470 nm 백색 LED를 처리한 과실은 암실의 조건에 비하여 경도가 낮게 조사되었다. 밀봉을 한 참다래는 공기 중에 개방된 참다래보다 모든 처리구에서 경도가 더 높았다. 당도는 $25^{\circ}C$에서 공기 중에 개방한 경우, 470 nm 백색 LED 처리구에서는 낮게 나타났으나 암조건과 380nm UV등 처리에서는 $15^{\circ}$Brix 이상을 나타내었다. 참다래 과실의 산함량은 660 nm 적색 LED 처리구에서 52% 감소하였다. 밀봉된 참다래에서 440 nm 청색 LED, 470 nm 백색 LED, 660 nm 적색 LED 광원을 처리하였을 때, 암실에 놓여진 참다래보다 산함량이 각각 52.6, 55.6 및 52.8% 감소하였다. 참다래에 대한 다양한 파장의 LED 조사효과 중에서, 산함량의 감소는 향후 참다래 과실의 수확 후 후숙기간을 조절하는데 활용될 수 있을 것이다. LED 광원은 정확하고 매우 좁은 영역의 파장을 적은 용량의 전력 소모량으로 구현하기 때문에 대표적인 청정 기술로 분류되며, 이러한 LED 광원을 이용한 참다래 과실의 산도 조절은 기존의 에틸렌 등의 화학물 처리보다 안전한 친환경 과실을 생산할 수 있는 청정기술이라 평가된다.

탄소섬유판으로 보강된 철근콘크리트 보의 보강성능에 관한 연구 (A Study on Structural Performance Evaluation of RC Beams Strengthened with CFRP Plate)

  • 김중구
    • 한국건설관리학회논문집
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    • 제5권6호
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    • pp.212-217
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    • 2004
  • 이 연구는 같은 위치에 힘모멘트와 전단력이 최대가 되는 철근콘크리트 보에 대하여 휨모멘트 보강을 실시하는 경우, 탄소 섬유판의 두께와 하중점 부위 및 탄소섬유판의 끝부분을 감싸는 탄소섬유쉬트의 겹수를 변수로 하여 보의 구조적 거동을 실험하였다. 탄소섬유판의 두께의 증가에 따라 내력이 증가하였으나 선형적으로 비례하지 않았으며, 하중점에 감싼 탄소섬유쉬트의 영향은 뚜렷하게 나타나지 않았다 이 는 보강시험의 주된 파괴가 탄소섬유판의 파단이 아닌 하중점 주위에서의 휭-전단균열에서부터 층분리가 시작되었고 하중점을 탄소섬유쉬트로 감싼 경우 휭-전단균열 탄소섬유쉬트의 바깥 부분으로 이동하기 때문이다. 또한 탄소섬유판 단부에 정착용으로 시공한 탄소섬유쉬트는 하중점에서 발생한 취성파괴로 인하여 큰 효과를 나타내지 못하였다. 그러므로 재하상태에 따른 설계방법을 다르게 할 필요가 있으며, 특히 같은 위치에서 휨모멘트와 전단력이 최대가 되는 경우 탄소섬유판의 유효 두께는 최대 0.6mm로 하고 무보강보의 휨모멘트에 대한 보강된 보의 휨모멘트 비는 1.5-2.0으로 제한하는 것이 바람직하며, 0.6mm이상의 탄소섬유판을 사용하기 위하여 탄소섬유쉬트로 하중점을 보강하는 경우 무보강보 휨모멘트의 1.5 배가 되는 위치이상 탄소섬유쉬트를 연장하는 것이 바람직하다.

서구복식(西歐服飾)의 근대적(近代的) 변천(變遷)에 대한 연구(硏究) - 산업혁명(産業革命)의 영향(影響)을 중심(中心)으로 - (A Study on Modern Changes in European Clothing - with an emphasis on the effect of industrial revolution -)

  • 추희경;임원자
    • 복식
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    • 제6권
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    • pp.7-26
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    • 1982
  • Investigation for industrial revolution has been recognized as an important issue of historical science, since industrial revolution itself was a historical moment in modern economic society and in the forming of modern capitalistic culture. If clothing culture had been developed in close relation to social culture. industrial revolution which gave a base for modern capitalistic culture, would be a birth of modern clothing as well as a moment for modernization of western clothing. As it takes for granted that industrial revolution, historical phenomenon is a developmental base of modern clothing culture. This study tried to enlighten the origin of modern clothing culture phenomenon with investigation of industrial revolution as a historical moment in modern clothing culture through documental study. Historian's point of view and method of studying are important when we investigate the clothing phenomenon. Although culture phenomenon of industrial revolution has been evaluated usually through socialogical aspect, studying for clothing culture phenomenon must be carried out on aethetical as well as well as sociological aspect, on account of dualism of clothing, as it is social and artistic nature. In 19th century, there were technical improvement, changing patterns of production, changing social relation and beginning of mass culture. At the same time clothing culture phenomenon was changed in relation to modern capitalistic society. The findings of the study could be summarized as follows. 1. Technical improvement in textile industry and fitting process brought about mechanization of clothing industry. 2. Appearance of popular clothing culture made it easy to spread to various classes of society. 3. Development of transportation system and communication channel made it internationalization of western clothing. 4. Recognition of importance in functional style of clothing. 5. The pursuit of modern aesthetics made rapid changing mode of clothing. Above distinctive features of modern clothing culture were derived from by-product of machinary culture, mass culture, internationalism, rapidly changing mode of various culture during industrial revolution. Industrial revolution was a change of the material world as well as in industry owing to machine advent, then the culture part that displayed directly these changes was the plastic arts of living that mould the material. The problem of clothing construction caused by industrial revolution was solved by pursuing the functional aesthetics. Clothing phenomenon as a process of value transfer participates mass culture in closs relation to general change of various culture caused by industrial revolution. Therefore western clothing gained the qualities of modern culture, condensed as function, and popularity in the process of modernization.

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철근콘크리트 깊은 보의 파괴거동과 전단강도 산정식 (Failure Behaviour and Shear Strength Equations of Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams)

화재시 구조강도에 대한 신뢰성 평가방법의 정립 (Establishment of Fire Reliability Assessment Method for Structural Strength)

  • 박창규
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제18권10호
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    • pp.54-62
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    • 2017
  • 본 논문에서는 해상 구조물들의 화재시 안전성 평가에 대한 연구의 일환으로써 기본적인 구조강도 부재들의 화재시 거동 및 파괴확률을 구해 보았다. 화재에서의 안전성 평가는 부재의 Fire resistance와 화염에 의한 열하중인 Fire severity를 비교하여 이루어질 수 있다고 가정하였다. Fire severity는 육상 건축물에 대한 화재안전 규정인 Eurocode 1의 표준화염 온도변화 곡선과 부재로의 열전달 방정식을 사용하여 부재의 최대온도를 구하게 되며, Fire resistance는 단순 부재의 경우, 간략식과 코드의 활용으로 해결할 수 있지만, FPSO 와 해상 구조물의 복잡성을 고려하여 상용 구조해석 프로그램의 활용을 통하여 탄소성해석 및 대변형등을 고려한 보다 실용적인 부재의 구조강도를 해석하여 주어진 파괴모드에 대한 한계 온도를 구하여 최대온도와 비교하였다. 더불어, Fire resistance 측면에서의 두 접근방식의 비교를 통해서 두 방식의 등가적 성향을 확인하였다. 여기서 Strength, Serviceability, Stability의 세 가지 측면에서 First Hinge, Large Deflection, Buckling의 세 가지 파괴모드를 상정하고 각각에 대한 파괴여부를 확인하였고, 이렇게 구해지는 Fire severity와 Fire resistance의 식에 AFOSM 방법을 적용하여 최종적으로 부재의 파괴확률을 구하는 방식을 통해, 단순 부재인 Beam 및 Plate 예제에 적용하여 구조물의 화재시 거동 및 각 파괴모드에 대한 파괴여부를 구하였다.

화강암 풍화토의 동상 발현 및 융해에 따른 변형 거동에 관한 연구 (Studies on the Frost Heave Revelation and Deformation Behaviour due to Thawing of Weathered Granite Soils)

  • 류능환;최중대;류영선
    • 한국농공학회지
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    • 제37권3_4호
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    • pp.61-71
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    • 1995
  • Natural ground is a composite consisted of the three phases of water, air and soil paircies. Among the three components, water as a material is weU understood but soil particles are not in foundation engineering. Especially, weathered granite soil generally shows a large volumetric expansion when they freeze. And, the stability and durability of the soil have shown decreased with repetitive freezing and thawing processes. These unique charcteristics may cause various construction and management problems if the soil is used as a construction material and foundation layers. This project was initiated to investigate the soil's physical and engineering characteristics resulting from freezing and freezing-thawing processes. Research results may be used as a basic data in solving various problems related to the soil's unique characteristics. The following conclusions were obtained: The degree of decomposition of weathered granite soil in Kangwon-do was very different between the West and East sides of the divide of the Dae-Kwan Ryung. Soil particles distributed wide from very coarse to fine particles. Consistency could be predicted with a function of P200 as LL=0.8 P200+20. Permeability ranged from 10-2 to 10-4cm/sec, moisture content from 15 to 20% and maximum dry density from 1.55 to 1.73 g /cmΥ$^3$ By compaction, soil particles easily crushed, D50 of soil particles decreased and specific surface significantly increased. Shear characteristics varied wide depending on the disturbance of soil. Strain characteristics influenced the soil's dynamic behviour. Elastic failure mode was observed if strain was less than 1O-4/s and plastic failure mode was observed if strain was more than 10-2/s. The elastic wave velocity in the soil rapidly increased if dry density became larger than 1.5 g /cm$^3$ and these values were Vp=250, Vg= 150, respectively. Frost heave ratio was the highest around 0 $^{\circ}C$ and the maximum frost heave pressure was observed when deformation ratio was less than 10% which was the stability state of soil freezing. The state had no relation with frost depth. Over freezing process was observed when drainage or suction freezing process was undergone. Drainage freezing process was observed if freezing velocity was high under confined pressure and suction frost process was occurred if the velocity was low under the same confined process.

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Polyamide 6 입자 및 CTBN 첨가 기술에 따른 에폭시/탄소섬유 복합재의 강인화 효과 및 기계적 특성 (Effect of Mechanical and Toughening Characteristics of Epoxy/Carbon Fiber Composite by Polyamide 6 Particles, CTBN Addition Technology)

  • 배성열;이교문;;석지훈;최재완;손우혁;김윤해
    • Composites Research
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    • 제36권5호
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    • pp.355-360
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    • 2023
  • 에폭시계 탄소섬유복합재는 고유의 높은 취성특성으로 인해 산업 응용에 적합성에 한계로 인성 특성을 향상시키기 위한 광범위한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구는 최소 함량을 활용하는 데 중점을 두고 PA6입자(pPA6)와 CTBN에 의한 인성 메커니즘을 평가하는 데 초점을 맞춰 Mode I 파단 인성 및 인장강도 분석을 통해 다양한 농도의 p-PA6와 CTBN 첨가제, 즉 0.5, 1, 2.5 및 5 phr의 영향을 평가하였다. p-PA6는 1 phr의 비교적 낮은 비율에서 인성이 강화되었으며, 인장강도를 유지하면서 동시에 향상된 인성에 기여하는 지속적인 파단 거동으로 나타났다. 또한, p-PA6의 입자 응집에 영향에 의해 전체적인 인성 메커니즘에 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. CTBN 첨가는 2.5 phr 이상의 높은 농도에서 인성의 증가하나, 인장강도의 감소를 동반하고 취성을 나타내는 기존의 복합재와 유사한 파단 거동을 관찰하였으며, p-PA6, CTBN 두 첨가 기술은 특정 농도 조건에서 인장강도를 미세하게 향상시키는 것으로 확인하였다. 해당 결과를 통해 p-PA6, CTBN 강화 기술 적용에 최적화된 조건이 확립하였다.

박판 주조법으로 제조된 Au-Sn 스트립의 열처리에 따른 인장 변형 거동 (Effect of Heat Treatment on the Tensile Deformation Behavior of Au-Sn Strip Manufactured by Strip Casting Process)

  • 이기안;진영민;남궁정;김문철
    • 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국소성가공학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.464-466
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    • 2009
  • This study tried to examine the suitability of strip casting process such as PFC (Planar Flow Casting) method for soldering Au-Sn strip. The effect of heat treatment on the tensile behavior and mechanical properties of an Au-Sn strip was investigated through tensile test, micro hardness test, X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM, and TEM observations. It was apparent that 20-mm width Au-Sn strip could be well produced by using planar flow casting process. Tensile results showed that tensile strength increased from 338.3MPa to 310MPa and plastic strain improved from 0% to 1.5% with heat treatment ($170^{\circ}C$/70 hrs.). The microstructure of Au-Sn strip mainly consisted of two phases; $Au_5Sn(\zeta)$ and AuSn($\sigma$). It was also found that inhomogeneous amorphous local structure continuously changed to the homogeneous two phases microstructure with heat treatment. The fractographical observation after tensile test indicated the cleavage fracture mode of as-casted Au-Sn strip. On the other hand, the heat treated Au-Sn strip showed that fracture propagated along interface between brittle AuSn and ductile $Au_5Sn$ phases. The deformation behavior of strip casted Au-Sn alloy with microstructural evolution and the improve method for ductility of this alloy was also suggested.

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Structural health monitoring of seismically vulnerable RC frames under lateral cyclic loading

  • Chalioris, Constantin E.;Voutetaki, Maristella E.;Liolios, Angelos A.
    • Earthquakes and Structures
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    • 제19권1호
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    • pp.29-44
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    • 2020
  • The effectiveness and the sensitivity of a Wireless impedance/Admittance Monitoring System (WiAMS) for the prompt damage diagnosis of two single-storey single-span Reinforced Concrete (RC) frames under cyclic loading is experimentally investigated. The geometrical and the reinforcement characteristics of the RC structural members of the frames represent typical old RC frame structure without consideration of seismic design criteria. The columns of the frames are vulnerable to shear failure under lateral load due to their low height-to-depth ratio and insufficient transverse reinforcement. The proposed Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system comprises of specially manufactured autonomous portable devices that acquire the in-situ voltage frequency responses of a network of twenty piezoelectric transducers mounted to the RC frames. Measurements of external and internal small-sized piezoelectric patches are utilized for damage localization and assessment at various and increased damage levels as the magnitude of the imposed lateral cycle deformations increases. A bare RC frame and a strengthened one using a pair of steel crossed tension-ties (X-bracing) have been tested in order to check the sensitivity of the developed WiAMS in different structural conditions since crack propagation, damage locations and failure mode of the examined frames vary. Indeed, the imposed loading caused brittle shear failure to the column of the bare frame and the formation of plastic hinges at the beam ends of the X-braced frame. Test results highlighted the ability of the proposed SHM to identify incipient damages due to concrete cracking and steel yielding since promising early indication of the forthcoming critical failures before any visible sign has been obtained.

이종재료 Self-Piercing Rivets 접합부의 인장-전단 피로강도 (Tensile-Shear Fatigue Strength of Self-Piercing Rivets Joining Dissimilar Metal Sheets)

  • 강세형;김택영;오만진;김호경
    • 한국안전학회지
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    • 제30권4호
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2015
  • Self-piercing riveting (SPR) process is gaining popularity due to its many advantages. The SPR does not require a pre-drilled hole and has capability to join a wide range of similar or dissimilar materials and combinations of materials. This study investigated the fatigue strength of self-piercing rivet joint with aluminum alloy (Al-5052) and steel (SPCC) sheets. Static and fatigue tests on tensile-shear specimens were conducted. From the static strength aspect, the optimal punching force for the specimen with upper SPCC (U.S) sheet and lower aluminum alloy(L.A) sheets was 34 kN. During static test the specimens fractured in pull-out fracture mode due to influence of plastic deformation of joining area. There was a relationship between applied load amplitude $P_{amp}$ and number of cycles N ; $P_{amp}=19588N_f^{-0.211}$ and $P_{amp}=4885N_f^{-0.083}$ for U.S-L.A and U.A-L.S specimens, respectively. U.A-L.S fatigue specimens failed due to fretting crack initiation around the rivet neck between upper and lower sheets.