• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 1986

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of garlic diet on blood coagulation in cholesterol-fed rats. 36 male rats were divided into six groups and fed experimental diet for three weeks. Two-levels (2% and 4%) of fresh and boiled garlic were supplemented to the stock diet with 2% cholesterol and 0.25% bile salt for the experimental diet. After the rats fed with experimental diets during 3 weeks, the whole blood coagulation time, the content of plasma fibrinogen, the fibrinolytic activity and the prothrombin time were measured. The results are summarized as follows; 1. Garlic diet have no influence on body weight and food consumption in rats. 2. In the case of cholesterol-fed group, the whole blood coagulation time was decreased 24.3% compared with the normal group(A). But garlic diet group(C) was similar to the normal group(A) and groupD-F was increased 4.9-11.5%. 3. The content of plasma fibrinogen of cholesterol-fed group was higher 114.5% than that of normal gropu(A). In the garlic diets(C-F) the contents of plasma fibrinogen were increased 33.1-63.8%. 4. The fibrinolytic activity of cholesterol diet was decreased 16.2% compared with the normal group(A) but was increased 10.9-44.5% compared to the garlic diets(C-F). 5. The prothrombin time of cholesterol-fed group was decreased 8.9% compared with normal group(A) but was increased 8.0-46.3% in garlic diets(C-F). As mentioned above, the garlic diets increased whole blood coagulation time, prothrombin time and fibrinolytic activity and decreased the content of fibrinogen. For that reason it is thought that the garlic diets have a anticoagulation effect regulating the fibrinogen synthesis in liver.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.356-363
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• 1980

Even now, the hemorrhagic syndrome after cardiac surgery with the aid or a pump oxygenator constitutes a significant problem. The purpose of this study is to postulate the possible causes of the bleeding after open hear surgery [OHS]. Fifteen consecutive OHS patients with various heart diseases were selected and platelet count, plasma fibrinogen, serum calcium level were observed pre-, intra- and post- operatively until 21 th postoperative day [POD]. The platelet count was significantly decreased with initiation of extracorporeal circulation [ECC] and continued to decrease slowly until cessation of ECC. Within 10 minutes after ECC the platelet count stared to increase. But it was significantly less than preoperative count until 5th POD. The peak count was found on 14th POD and the platelet count was gradually decreased. Plasma fibrinogen also decreased significantly during operation, but it recovered up to preoperative amount within 5 hours after termination of ECC. Thereafter it rapidly increased until 3rd POD when it reached its peak. From 3rd POD it showed slow downward slope until 21st POD, but it remained in significantly higher level than preoperative amount. Serum calcium levels showed minimum fluctuations during the whole course of study. Conclusively, the decrease in platelet count and fibrinogen amount may play a considerable role for the postoperative hemorrhage. But numerous other effects of ECC must be accounted for.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 2009

Fibrinogen alpha chain (FGA), a subunit of fibrinogen, might be a potential player for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), since the plasma levels of fibrinogen is known to be related to the incidence of T2DM. To elucidate the potential role of FGA in T2DM, we investigated whether FGA genetic variations are relevant in T2DM in the Korean population. Seven FGA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in Ansung and Ansan cohorts (474 T2DM subjects and 470 normal controls) in Korea. The association between SNPs and T2DM was determined by logistic regression analysis. Genetic relevance of SNPs to T2DM-related phenotypes was investigated by multiple linear regression analysis. Statistical analysis revealed that among seven FGA SNPs, significant associations with T2DM were observed in FGA rs2070011 (p=0.013-0.034, OR=0.72${\sim}$0.79), rs6050 (p=0.026${\sim}$0.048, OR=1.24${\sim}$1.37), and rs2070022 (p=0.016${\sim}$0.039, OR=0.70${\sim}$0.72). Two SNPs, rs2070011 and rs6050, also showed significant association with T2DM-related phenotypes such as triglyceride (p=0.005${\sim}$0.011 for rs2070011 and p=0.003${\sim}$0.008 for rs6050), total cholesterol (p=0.01 for rs2070011 and p=0.024 for rs6050) and fasting glucose (p=0.035${\sim}$0.036 for rs2070011 and p=0.048 for rs6050) in 470 normal controls. Our association study implies that FGA might be an important genetic factor in T2DM pathogenesis in the Korean population by affecting plasma lipid and glucose levels.

• BMB Reports
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.515-518
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• 1998

Adhesive interaction of the platelet glycoprotien IIb-IIIa (GP IIb-IIIa) with a plasma protein, such as fibrinogen, plays an important role in thrombosis and hemostasis. The specific sequence Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) is critical for the binding of fibrinogen to platelet. To examine and characterize the GP IIb-IIIa antagonist from natural sources, we have developed a simple enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) system. The GP IIb-IIIa complex was purified to homogeneity from platelet Iysates by the combination of two affinity chromatographic methods using the synthetic RGD peptide (GRGDSPK)-immobilized Sepharose and wheat germ lectin-Sepharose. The synthetic peptide GRGDSP inhibits GP IIb-IIIa binding to immobilized fibrinogen with an $IC_{50}$ of $1.5\;{\mu}M$. Venoms of three different snake species and a Korean scolopendra extract have strong antagonistic activities for the binding of human fibrinogen to the platelet GP IIb-IIIa complex. The $IC_{50}$ values of the snake venom s and scolopendra were in the range of $5.5\;{\mu}g$ to $60\;{\mu}g$. These results provide meaningful information for developing antiplatelet agents.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.167-173
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• 2023

Proteolytic enzymes secreted by Aspergillus, as pathogenicity factors, affect blood coagulation and fibrinolysis, and therefore the target proteins of their action in the bloodstream are of significant interest. In the present study, the action of the isolated protease of A. terreus 2 on different human plasma proteins was shown. The protease of A. terreus 2 exhibited the highest proteolytic activity against hemoglobin, which was 2.5 times higher than the albuminolytic activity shown in both of the protein substrates used. In addition, the protease has significant ability to hydrolyze both fibrin and fibrinogen. However, the inability of the A. terreus 2 protease to coagulate rabbit blood plasma and coagulate human and bovine fibrinogen indicates the severity of the enzyme's action on human blood coagulation factors. It should be considered as a potential indicator of this isolated protease's participation in fungal pathogenesis. The protease shows no hemolytic activity. Furthermore, its activity is insignificantly inhibited by thrombin inhibitors, and is not inhibited by plasmin inhibitors.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.179-204
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• 1998

The purpose of this research was to investigate the efficacy of Goiwhasan extract powder on the gastric injuries, antiulcer, gastrointestinal tract and blood hemostasis. Animals were used through this studies mice and rats. All animals were divided into 3 groups, contol group(no treatment), sample Ⅰ group(375mg/kg administration), sample Ⅱ group(750mg/kg administration). The gastric injuries and ulcer have been made by using pyloric ligation, indomethacin, HCI-ethanol, acetic acid and then The histological observation was followed. In the gastrointestinal tract, gastric juice secretion, gastric acidity, pepsin output, blood gastrin and secretin level, transport potentials in the small and large intestine were checked. And studies on blood hemostasis were performed on normal hemostatic activities and plasma prothrombin time, plasma recalcification time, plasma fibrinogen levels in the hypoprothrombinemic mice induced by warfarin. The results were as follows: 1. The antigastric ulcer effects on the pyloric ligation, indomethacin, HCl-ethanol, acetic acid induced gastric injuries were shown in Sample Ⅱ group(p<0.05). 2. Through the morphologic examination on the acetic acid induced ulcer, Sample Ⅰ group showed mild regeneration of epithelium and slight decrease of periulcer edema then that of Control group, while Sample Ⅱ group showed more retraction of round ulcer site, remarkable loss of swelling and edema then that of Control group, and revealing the regenerated epithelium in the surrounding ulcer site. Thus it was noted that both Sample groups have antigastriculcer effects on the experimentally induced gastric ulcer. 3. The inhibitory effects on gastric juice were noted in both Sample Ⅰ group(p<0.05) and Sample Ⅱ group(p<0.01). However, only Sample Ⅱ group showed the inhibitory effects on total acidity and pepsin output(p<0.05). 4. The significant inhibition of blood gastrin level showed at 30 min.(P<0.05) and 90 min.(P<0.05) after starting medication in only Sample Ⅱ group, but significance of blood secretin level in both groups was not recognized. 5. Any significant changes in barium sulfate transport in the small intestine of mice was not recognized in both groups, but the significantly inhibitory effect in large intestine was recognized in both Sample Ⅰ group(p<0.05) and Sample Ⅱ group(p<0.001). 6. In hemostatic effect on both normal mice and hypoprothrombinemic mice induced by warfarin, the significantly shortening effect on coagulation time was seen in only Sample Ⅱ group(p<0.01). 7. On plasma prothrombin time in hypoprothrombinemic rat induced by warfarin, Sample Ⅱ group have shortened the prothrombin time significantly(p<0.001). 8. On plasma reclcification time in hypoprothrombinemic rat induced by warfarin, the recalcification time have been shortened significantly in both Sample Ⅰ group(p<0.05) and Sample Ⅱ group(p<0.01). 9. On plasma fibrinogen levels in hypoprothrombinemic rat induced by warfarin, the fibrinogen contents in Sample Ⅱ have been decreased significantly(p<0.01). Overall the above results suggest that Goiwhasan has an therapeutic efficacy on antigastric ulcer and blood hemostasis. Further studies would be needed on the interaction of its herbal medicine and its mechanism in the future.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.457-462
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• 1997

The effects of continuous administration of tiletamine-zolazepam(T-Z) on the blood, liver and kidney of dogs were evaluated. The drug was repeatedly administered into ten mongrel dogs intramuscularly at dose of 10mg/kg for every seven days. Hematology(PCV, WBC, RBC, TP, Fibrinogen) and serum chemistry(ALT, AST, BUN, Creatinine) were monitored for 14 days postinjection. No significant changes in PCV values, total RBC counts and plasma total protein values was found. Total WBC counts and fibrinogen values were significantly increased from 2 days to 7 days postinjection. There was no significant change in ALT, AST, BUN and creatinine levels. All animals were euthanized and necropsied at 14 days postinjection. No gross lesion and pathologic lesion was found on liver and kidney in necropsy finding.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1 s.29
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• pp.351-369
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• 1995

In order to investigate the effect of Qingbaozhuyutang(淸胞逐瘀湯), Bee Veenom on 'Blood Stasis Pattern', here We regard Thrombosis and Elevated Blood viscosity as Blood Stasis Pattern. rats were injected Endotoxin into the caudal vein to make experimental thrombosis model(control group), and at sample group, rats were orally administrated solid extract of Qingbaozhuyutang(淸胞逐瘀湯) 0.5g/200g or were injected Apitoxin 1mg/Kg into the abdominal region(sample group), and then we observed platelet, fibrinogen, prothrombin time and FDP level. Another group were injected HA into the muscular rump to make experimental elevated blood viscosity instead of Endotoxin. Thereafter we measured whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity. The results were summarized as follows. 1. Platelets were increased significantly in sample I compared with the control group. 2. Fibrinogen levels were increased significantly in sample I compared with the control group. 3. Prothrombin times were shortened significantly in sample II and sample III compared with the control group. 4. FDP levels were decreased significantly in sample II and sample III compared with the control group. 5. Whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity were decreased significantly in all shear rates compared with the control group. According to the above results, it is considered that Qingbaozhuyutang(淸胞逐瘀湯) has significant effects on platelets, fibrinogens, prothrombin times, FDP levels, whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosities, therefore it seems to be applicable to disease related to 'Blood Stasis Pattern' through the thrombosis and elevated blood viscosity. But, Veenom has a little effect. the mechanism concerned for the effects is to be investigated in future.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2014

During long standing hyperglycaemic state in diabetes mellitus, glucose forms covalent adducts with the plasma proteins through a non-enzymatic process known as glycation. Protein glycation and formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications like retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, cardiomyopathy along with some other diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis and aging. Glycation of proteins interferes with their normal functions by disrupting molecular conformation, altering enzymatic activity, and interfering with receptor functioning. AGEs form intra- and extracellular cross linking not only with proteins, but with some other endogenous key molecules including lipids and nucleic acids to contribute in the development of diabetic complications. Recent studies suggest that AGEs interact with plasma membrane localized receptors for AGEs (RAGE) to alter intracellular signaling, gene expression, release of pro-inflammatory molecules and free radicals. The present review discusses the glycation of plasma proteins such as albumin, fibrinogen, globulins and collagen to form different types of AGEs. Furthermore, the role of AGEs in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications including retinopathy, cataract, neuropathy, nephropathy and cardiomyopathy is also discussed.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.405-408
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• 2009

In this work multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/fibrin hybrid structures were synthesized via the transglutaminase- catalyzed polymerization of fibrinogen (FBG). Specifically, FBG was tethered onto oxidized MWCNTs by amide coupling, and the in situ polymerization of FBG to fibrin was performed by plasma transglutaminase (Factor XIIIa) in the presence of thrombin. The attached FBG was found to be biologically active and was polymerized to fibrin by thrombin and Factor XIIIa. MWCNT-FBG and MWCNT-Fibrin structures were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy.