• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.207-214
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• 1996

The study was designed to find out the effect of exam stress and vitamin B complex on hormones such as plasma ACTH, cortisol and prolactin. 21 medical students completed the whole period of the study. Global assessment of recent stress(GARS) scale and SCL-90-R were used to measure stress perception and psychopathology. Radioimmunoassay was used to assess plasma ACTH, cortisol and prolactin. Plasma ACTH level was significantly higher 2 weeks prior to examination and exam period, respectively, than 4 weeks prior to the exam. However, there were no significant differences in plasma cortisol and prolactin level among the three periods. No significant differences were also found in plasma ACTH, cortisol and prolactin level between vitamin and non-vitamin groups during each period. Scores of stress perception in economic area significantly had a positive correlation with plasma ACTH and prolactin level, respectively, 2 weeks prior to the exam. In psychopathology, scores of hostility subscale significantly had a Positive correlation with plasma ACTH level. There were no significant differences in change of each of the hormones over time as well as between vitamin and non-vitamin groups. In conclusion, it was found that ACTH was more sensitive to exam stress than cortisol or prolactin, and that vitamin B complex had no significant influence on ACTH, cortisol and prolactin level.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.125-136
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• 1989

This study was investigated to clarify the effect of Sin Bee Tang (神秘湯) on the renal function, arterial blood pressure and plasma cortisol. The results obtained were follows; 1. Urine volume and glomerular filtration rate were decreased significantly after Sin Bee Tang water extract, 0.1ml/kg, administration. 2. Glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow and urinary excretion of electrolytes were increased significantly after Sin Bee Tang water extract, 0.25ml/kg, administration. 3. Plasma cortisol concentration increased significantly after Sin Bee Tang water extract, 0.25ml/kg, administration. These results suggest that the therapeutic action of Sin Bee Tang for 'Su Chun (水喘)' has a relation with the increase of plasma cortisol and renal hemodynamic effect.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.397-400
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• 1994

The effect of xylazine administration on plasma cortisol, prolactin, glucose and packed cell volume (PCV) responses to immobilization and heat stress was investigated. Immobilization of rats for 2 hours by ligation of the fore and hind legs strongly caused approximately two-fold increase in plasma cortisol and prolactin levels. Plasma glucose and PCV were not significantly changed. Pretreatment of immobilized rats with xylazine (20 mg/kg body weight i.m.) resulted in approximately 20% reduction in both plasma cortisol and prolactin concentrations. A marked hyperglycemia and increase in the PCV value was observed. On the other hand, rats exposed to acute heat stress ($40^{\circ}C$, and 60% relative humidity) for 2 hours, also developed two fold increase in both plasma cortisol and prolactin concentrations and the pretreatment with xylazine caused a 20% reduction in the levels of both hormones. Plasma glucose level was not significantly changed in heat stressed rats but it was markedly increased after pretreatment with xylazine. PCV was significantly incrcased under heat stress and pretreatment with xylazine induced a pronounced elevation in this value. It was suggested that stimulation of cortisol and prolactin secretion in response to immobilization or heat stress can be partially reduced by an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.575-578
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• 2020

The plasma cortisol of nurserypigs was examined using an outdoor efficacy testwith a digital content-based approach in animal welfare convergence types. Nine nurserypigs,without discriminating between female and male, were classified into 2 groups of 3 pigs each: control and group 1 (effect+nature), control and group 2(effect+nature+music). The control group was the same for group 1 and 2 to compare the effects using a t-test. There was no significant difference in plasma cortisol levels between the control group and group 1 until 4 h after stress induction. However, significant differences were subsequently found between the control group and group 1 from 8 h to 72 h (p<0.05). Further, plasma cortisol was not affected in group 2 at 0 h through 8 h and 72 h. At 12 h through 48 h, group 2 showed a reduction in plasma cortisol level compared to the control group(p<0.05). These results indicated that after stress induction, applying effect plus nature or effect plus nature plus music can effectively decrease plasma cortisol levels in nursery pigs within8 h through 72 h and may serve as a better model for digital content-based approach in animal welfare convergence types.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.41-57
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• 1990

In order to investigate the effects of Hwang Keum Jag Yag Tang (HJT) water extract on the plasma cortisol concentration in the rabbit and on the analgesic effect in the mouse were administered. The results were summarized as follow: 1. Intravenous administration of HJT water extract at the dose of 0.2ml/kg remarkably increased plasma cortisol concentration after two hour. 2. Intravenous administration of HJT water extract at the dose of 0.4ml/kg significantly increased plasma cortisol concentration after one hour. 3. Intravenous administration of HJT water extract at the dose of 0.2ml/kg, all the experimental period, significantly increased plasma sodium concentration. 4. Intravenous administration of HJT water extract at the dose of 0.4m1/kg significantly decreased plasma potassium concentration. 5. Intravenous administration of HJT water extract at the dose of 0.2ml/kg and 0.4ml/kg, all the experimental period, significantly decreased plasma calcium concentration. 6. The analgesic effect of HJT water extract showed inhibitory effect more than at 0.1ml/20g. According to the results, Hwang Keum Jag Yag Tang water extract remarkably increased plasma cortisol concentration and showed analgesic effect.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.161-166
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• 2004

The influence of TBTO (Tributyltin-Oxide) at a series of concentrations (0.52, 1.41 and 3.05 $\mu$g/L) for a period of 3 weeks on estradiol-17$\beta$, testosterone and cortisol levels in male Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli was investigated. Compared to the stable concentration of estradiol-17$\beta$, plasma testosterone level was decreased significantly at the 3rd week after TBTO exposure in plasma of fish (＞1.41 $\mu$g/L). The most profound physiological variation in TBTO exposed fish was a dramatic increase in plasma cortisol level at 3rd week. Conclusively, TBTO exposure caused increase level of cortisol as well as alteration of testosterone in the Korean rockfish. These results suggest that TBTO at environmentally relevant (nanomolar) concentrations disrupt endocrine secretions.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.2 s.30
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• pp.312-319
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to know the difference of the effect between the E- A and the S-A. The 19 patients complaining the pain on the neck, shoulder and upper limb were chosen, divided and controled by two groups; One was the E-A group treated at upper limb meridian point, the other was the therapy group treated by S-A at the scalp and E-A at upper limb meridian point together. In 20 minutes after treatment, the change of plasma cortisol concentration was observed. The results were as follows: 1. In E-A group, there was no significant change of plasma cortisol concentration. 2. In S-A and E-A group, there was significant increase to plasma cortisol concentration. In conclusion, it seems that the increased stimulation by the treatment of S-A and E-A together has close relation with the plasma cortisol concentration. And the further study about the intensity of acupuncture stimulation and S-A is expected.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.5-15
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of electroanalgeia and $\beta-endorphin$ action by acupuncture-like (Lof/Hil) transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) applied to acupuncture points. Twelve healthy adult male aged between 19 ann 25 were randomly assigned to TENS group (n=6) and naloxone group (n=6). Subjects of both groups were strongly stimulated TENS with 4 pps and $200{\mu}s$ for 30 minutes on the LI 3 and LI 10 meridian points of dominant am. Naloxone group was injected naloxone hydrochloride before TENS application. The experimental pain threshold was measured by chronaxie meter CX-2 on the distal end of radius just before and after TENS application. The levels of plasma $\beta-endorphin$ and ACTH. serum cortisol and urinary 17-OHCS were analyzed by radioimmunoassay (RIA) kits before and after TENS application. In TENS group, there was a significant increase of experimental pain threshold (p<0.01), plasma $\beta-endorphin$ level (p<0.05), serum cortisol level (p<0,001) and urinary 17-OHCS levels (p<0.05) after TENS application. The plasma ACTH level was not significantly increased, but it showed an increasing tendency. In naloxone group, although there was a decreasing trend, ACTH and cortisol level did not show a significant change, but $\beta-endorphin$ and 17-OHCS level were significantly decreased (p<0.01). The result of this study stewed that acupuncture-like TENS induced analgesic effect, such that the levels of plasma $\beta-endorphin$, plasma ACTH, serum cortisol and urinary 17-OHCS were concomitantly increased with experimental pain threshold. It is suggested that the analgesic mechanism of the acupuncture-like TENS probably related to endogenous opioid component such as $\beta-endorphin$.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.235-240
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• 1998

Background: Preoperative blocking of surgical nociceptive inputs may prevent sensitization of CNS and reduce postoperative pain. The stress responses to surgical trauma consist of increase in catabolic hormones and decrease in anabolic hormones. We studied whether preoperative intravenous morphine could affect postoperative pain and change plasma cortisol and serum glucose levels. Methods: Thirty eight patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy were randomly assigned to one of three groups. Control group (n=11) did not received intravenous morphine, preoperative group (n=13) received intravenous morphine (0.1 mg/kg as a bolus 10 min before operation and followed by 1.5 mg/hr for 10 hours), postoperative group (n=14) received the same doses and method of intravenous morphine of preoperative group postoperatively. Postoperative pain relief was provided with i.v. fentanyl through Patient-Controlled-Analgesia Pump. Postoperative visual analogue scores (VAS), analgesic requirement (first request time, total amounts used), side effects, plasma cortisol and serum glucose levels were compared. Results: VAS were different between control group and the other two goups, but were not different between preoperative and postoperative group. Total amounts of used fentanyl were not different among groups, but first request time were significantly delayed in the preoperative group compared with the other two groups ($66.2{\pm}33.9$ vs $39.0{\pm}15.4$ and $45.0{\pm}14.9$ min respectively, p<0.05). Plasma cortisol and serum glucose levels were not different among groups. Conclusions: Above dosage of preoperative and postoperative morphine has analgesic effect, but could not block surgical stress induced plasma cortisol and serum glucose increase.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 1999

Background: Preoperative blocking of surgical nociceptive inputs may prevent sensitization of central nervous system (CNS) and reduce postoperative pain. The stress responses to surgical trauma consist of increase in catabolic hormones and decrease in anabolic hormones. We studied whether preoperative low dose epidural bupivacaine and morphine could affect postoperative pain, changes plasma cortisol, and serum glucose. Methods: Thirty patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy were randomly assigned to one of three groups. General anesthesia was induced in all patients and after that, epidural blocks were done except the control group (n=10) patients. Preoperative block group (n=10) received 0.5% bupivacaine 50 mg and morphine 2 mg epidurally as a bolus before operation and followed by 0.1% bupivacaine $5\;mghr^{-1}$ and morphine $0.2\;mghr^{-1}$ for 10 hours. Postoperative block group (n=10) received the same doses of bupivacaine and morphine under the same method postoperatively. Postoperative pain relief was provided with i.v. fentanyl through Patient-Controlled-Analgesia Pump. Postoperative pain by visual analogue scores (VAS), analgesic requirement (first requirement time, total amounts used), side effects, plasma cortisol level and serum glucose level were compared. Results: Until postoperative 6 hrs, VAS of control group was higher than those of the epidural groups. No difference was observed in VAS between the two epidural groups. First analgesics requirement time and total amounts of used analgesics were not different between the two epidural groups, but first analgesic requirement time of preoperative block group was significantly prolonged compared with control group. Plasma cortisol and serum glucose levels were not different among groups. Conclusions: Low dose preoperative epidural bupivacaine and morphine could not reduce postoperative pain, plasma cortisol level and serum glucose level compared with postoperative block group.