• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 1996

Four castrated Corriedale sheep were used in an experiment to observe the changes in insulin, growth hormone and cortisol in blood plasma following a prolonged infusion of a high rate of somatostatin (SRIF). The animals wee infused with either saline, 25 or $50{\mu}g/kg/h$ of SRIF for 3 hours. Blood samples wee taken every 20 minutes until 1 hour following the end of the SRIF infusion. Both SRIF infusion levels suppressed the release of insulin into plasma to approximately 3.5 mU/l. The SRIF infusions reduced the concentration of growth hormone to barely detectable levels. Following the withdrawal of SRIF there was a massive release of growth hormone. The plasma concentration of growth hormone reached 60 ng/ml within 20 minutes, the length of the growth hormone discharge was in excess of 1 hour. The extent of the discharge of growth hormone following the SRIF infusions was greater than that suppressed by the infusion. The SRIF apparently caused an increase in the plasma concentration of cortisol at the end of the infusion and following is withdrawal. This is possibly associated with some change in the metabolic rate associated with the suppression of insulin or glucagons release. The present experiment demonstrates that a high rate of SRIF infusion can not completely inhibit the release of insulin into the plasma.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.33.1-33.7
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• 2023

Background: Laminitis is a complex and debilitating disease of horses. Numerous predisposing factors contribute to laminitis development, however the exact pathogenesis remains undetermined. Serum T4, cortisol, and histamine are components of the innate stress response and could play a causative or contributory role. Stress hormone concentrations in laminitis are largely unknown. Objective: To evaluate parameters associated with stress response in horses with laminitis, and compare these to healthy horses and horses with gastrointestinal (GI) disease. Methods: Thirty-eight adult horses presenting for non-medical conditions, GI abnormalities, or clinical laminitis were prospectively enrolled. Horses were assigned to the appropriate disease group (healthy, GI disease, and laminitis) and had blood drawn on presentation to the hospital. Samples were analyzed for plasma endogenous adrenocorticotrophic hormone (eACTH), serum cortisol, serum thyroid hormone, and plasma histamine. Results: Stress hormone concentrations were significantly different between horses in the laminitis and GI disease groups. Plasma histamine levels were highest in horses with laminitis, compared with GI disease and controls. Both horses with laminitis and GI disease had increased plasma eACTH when compared to healthy horses. Horses with GI disease had higher serum cortisol concentrations than horses with laminitis or controls. Serum T4 was lower in horses with GI disease than in horses with laminitis and controls. Conclusions: Horses with laminitis had relative increases in both plasma histamine and eACTH concentrations. Serum T4 and cortisol concentrations of horses with laminitis did not differ significantly when compared to healthy horses. The role of stress hormones in equine disease warrants further investigation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.319-322
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• 1990

The studies were conducted on 12 lactating animals comprising of six Karan Swiss (KS) cows and six Murrah buffaloes in second and third lactation. At the start of experiment the cows had completed on an average 51 days in lactation and were yielding an average of 15.1 kg milk a day. The buffaloes had completed 53 days in lactation and were yielding an average of 11.6 kg milk a day. At fortnightly intervals jugular blood samples were drawn at morning, noon, evening and night hours. Plasma growth hormone concentrations were highest during morning and thereafter decreased. In both the species there was a definite trend in the change of growth hormone concentrations during the day. In general growth hormone concentration decreased as the stage of lactation advanced. The overall average values of plasma growth hormone in cows and buffaloes were 2.95 and 2.48 ng/ml which were not statistically different. With the advancing lactation, the decline in milk yields in both the species was positively correlated with the growth hormone concentrations.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 1998

This study was undertaken to determine whether dehulled defatted flour has an effect on postprandial plasma lipoprotein composition, hepatic lipid composition, enzyme and hormone levels in rats. Control(casein) and experimental (dehulled defatted soy flour)diets were fed to rats for 7 weeks. all animals (S. D. rats, male) were sacrificed 2 hrs after the feeding of 5g of each diet. Defatted soy flour feeding significantly lowered postprandial plasma total cholesterol, chylomicron/VLDL-cholesterol, hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride(TG) as compared with casein feeding, whereas no significant effect on plasma TG was observed. Intestinal kipase activity was elevated , whereas trypsin activity was suppressed in the dehulled defatted soy flour group. Plasma glucagon, thyroid hormone and hepatic HMG-coA reductase levels were not affected by diet treatment. These results hypothesize that dehulled defatted soy flour affects cholesterol digestion and absorption in guts, thus delaying the appearance of chylomicron cholesterol in plasma or affecting the disappearance of chylomicron remnant to high-density-lipoprotein(HDL).

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.55-62
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• 1974

This study was undertaken to determine if the adrenocortical hormone was concerned on erythropoietic function, especially on the production of erythropoietin in the kidney. Erythropoietin titers in plasma measured in each group of mice: 1) hypertransfused mice treated with the plasma of rats pretreated with hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, fludrocortisone and DOCA 2) hypertransfused mice treated with the plasma of the rat pretreated with aldosterone antagonist and adrenocortical hormone concomitantly. Erythropoietin level in plasma were measured by the modification of DeGowin's method. The results of the experiment were summerised as follows: 1) No significant changes of erythropoietin titers were observed in hypertransfused mice treated with the plasma of rats pretreated with hyrocortisone and dexamethasone respectively. 2) Erythropoietin titers increased significantly in hypertransfused mice treated with the plasma of rats pretreated with fludrocortisone and DOCA respectively, compared with control. 3) No significant changes of erythropoietin titers were observed in hypertransfused mice treated with the plasma of rats pretreated with spironolactone and triamterene respectively, compared with control. 4) Erythropoietin titers slightly increased in hypertransfused mice treated with the plasma of rats pretreated with spironolactone or triamterene, and fludrocortisone concomitantly and also with spirolactone or triamterene and DOCA.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 1996

The study was performed to investigate the effects of administration of aluminum compound in Kidney metabolism and plasma hormone of rats. Seventy frve male Sprague-Dawley strains rats were divided into five groups consisting of the control, 250ppm AlCl$_3$group, 500ppm AlCl$_3$ group, 250ppm $Al_2$(SO$_4$)$_3$group, 500ppm $Al_2$(SO$_4$)$_3$group and kept on the diet for 2 weeks. The body weight gain was increased by the administration of AlCl$_3$ but decreased by the administration of $Al_2$(SO$_4$)$_3$as compared to the control. The urinary excretion of sodium and creatinine were increased and free water clearance and urine volume were decreased significantly after AlCl$_3$adminstration group as compared to the control. The water balance, free water clearance, excretion of sodium and creatinine were increased and the excretion of chlorine was decreased after $Al_2$(SO$_4$)$_3$ administration as compared to the control. Plasma renin activity was increased and plasma aldosterone content was compared to the control. Plasma renin activity was increased and plasma aldosterone content was significantly decreased after adminstration of aluminum compounds as compared to the control.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.343-348
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• 2004

The objective of the present study was to determine the plasma level of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in relation to mammary blood flow and milk yield including biological variables of relevance to milk synthesis in two different types of crossbred Holstein cattle at 3 different stages of lactation. Eight heifers were 87.5% HF and eight 50% HF animals were selected for the experiments. The three stages of lactation tested were: early lactation (30 days postpartum), mid-lactation (120 days postpartum) and late lactation (210 days postpartum). Animals in each group were fed a concentrate and rice straw treated with 5% urea as the source of roughage throughout the experiments. In early lactation, mammary blood flow and milk yield of 87.5% HF animals were significantly higher than those of 50% HF animals. In mid- and late lactation, both mammary blood flow and milk yield showed a proportional decrease from the early lactating period of 87.5% HF animals. The trends for persistency were observed in 50% HF animals as for udder blood flow and milk yield throughout the experimental periods. The plasma glucose level of the 50% HF animals was significantly higher than those of 87.5% HF animals in both early and mid-lactation. The concentrations of arterial plasma free fatty acids ($C_{16}\;to\;C_{18}$) were higher in 50% HF animals as compared with 87.5% HF animals in all periods of study. In early lactation, the concentration of plasma growth hormone (GH) of 87.5% HF animals was higher than those of the 50% HF animals, thereafter the mean level of plasma growth hormone declined in both mid- and late lactation. The concentration of plasma IGF-I of 50% HF animals was significantly higher than those of 87.5% HF animals in all stages of lactation. There were no differences among stages of lactation for the levels of plasma IGF-I, insulin and growth hormone in 50% HF animals. In 87.5% HF animals, the plasma levels of both IGF-I and insulin were lower in early lactating period while it showed an increase during mid- and late lactation. The present results indicated that the regulatory role for the higher mammary blood flow and milk yield during lactation in 87.5% HF are not mediated via the higher level of circulating IGF-I. Differences in mammary blood flow and milk yield between 50% HF and 87.5% HF animals are in part due to a higher concentration of circulating growth hormone. The lower level of circulating growth hormone in 50% HF animals would be regulated by higher levels of IGF-I, free fatty acid and glucose in plasma.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1997.10b
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• pp.188.1-188
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• 1997

No Abstract, See Full Text

• BMB Reports
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.979-985
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• 2007

Induction of growth hormone (GH) by Glycyrrhizae Radix (GR), one of the most popular herbal medicine, and its major ingredients were studied in rat pituitary cells in vitro and in vivo assay. The MeOH extract and the n-hexane (HX) fraction of GR induced rat GH (rGH) release up to 1.89 times ($0.34{\pm}0.04 nM$) and 4.59 times ($0.83{\pm}0.03 nM$), compared to the basal level (p < 0.05). Among many ingredients isolated and purified from GR both glycyrrhetinic acid and glycyrrhizin induced significantly rGH release compared to the control (p < 0.05). After an intravenous injection of rat growth hormone releasing hormone (rGHRH) ($10{\mu}g$/kg) as positive control, in SD rats, $T_{max}$ of plasma rGH level was 10 min, $C_{max}$ was $3.84{\pm}0.01 nM$ (n = 3), and enhanced plasma rGH level returned to the baseline in 90 min. Both $AUC_{0-90}$ (area under the curve) of plasma rGH level after HX fraction and that after rGHRH administration were increased significantly from the basal level, respectively (p < 0.01). In conclusions, HX fraction is the most active fraction of MeOH extract of GR in rGH induction.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.346-351
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• 2002

The effect of fetal number (single or twin) on plasma concentrations of progesterone, estradiol $17{\beta}$, cortisol, prolactin, growth hormone, triiodothyronine, thyroxine and insulin around parturition (periparturient period) were studied on ten $Alpine{\times}Beetle$ crossbred goats in their first to third lactation. The hormone profiles were studied on days -20, -15, -10, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1 prior to kidding and on day 0 and +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +10, +15, +20 days postkidding. Plasma progesterone levels were significantly (p<0.01) higher in twin bearing goats comparison to single bearing goats during all the days of sampling. The decline in progesterone concentration from day 20 to day 1 before kidding was 56% in twin and 42% in single bearing goats. In single bearing goats plasma estradiol $17{\beta}$ was significantly (p<0.01) higher during prekidding days compared to twin bearing goats. The level of estradiol $17{\beta}$ was highest on the day of kidding in both the groups. The plasma prolactin level in twin bearing goats from day 10 to day 1 prepartum was higher as compared to single fetus bearing goats. However there was abrupt increase in prolactin level on the day of kidding in both the groups. The plasma growth hormone levels were significantly (p<0.01) higher in twin compared to single bearing goats. On the day of kidding growth hormone levels were significantly (p<0.01) higher in twin as compared to single bearing goats (1.40 vs. 0.95 ng/ml). In twin bearing goats plasma cortisol values from day 5 till the day of kidding remained elevated and the levels on the day of kidding was significantly highest in both the groups. The levels of triiodothyronine ($T_3$) were significantly higher (p<0.01) during all the periods of sampling in single compared to twin bearing goats. Plasma thyroxine ($T_4$) was significantly (p<0.01) lower in twin compared to single bearing goats. In single bearing goats plasma insulin levels were significantly (p<0.01) higher than twin bearing goats during prepartum period however during post partum period the levels in both the groups remained similar. It can be concluded that number of fetuses is having significant influence on the hormone profile during periparturient period.