• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.59-70
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of compliance with supportive periodontal therapy(SPT), to determine if any significant differences existed in the characteristics of compliant, erratically compliant and non-compliant patients and to identify reasons for poor compliance. Materials and methods: Four hundred five patients who initially visited between July 2003 and December 2004 and were treated until June 2005 were retrospectively evaluated for their compliance with SPT in terms of attendance for a recommended schedule of visits. Patients' compliance was classified as complete compliance(attended more than 80% of the recommended appointments), erratic compliance(attended less than 80% of the recommended appointments or discontinued) and non-compliance(did not return for SPT). Analysis was made for each group to correlate the degree of compliance with gender, age, smoking, distance between their houses and the hospital, disease severity, type of therapy, implant, plaque control instruction and systemic diseases. Tele research of erratically compliant and non-compliant patients was carried out to identify reasons for their poor compliance. Results: Only 24.7% of the patients were in complete compliance. The highest drop-out rate(32.4%) occurred in the first year. A significantly greater percentage of non-smokers and patients who finished plaque control instruction were in complete compliance. A significantly greater percentage of patients without implant and patients who had been treated by only scaling and root planing were in non-compliance. More males were found to be compliant with SPT, although this was marginally significant. There were no significant differences between compliant, erratically compliant and non-compliant patients with regard to age, distance, disease severity and systemic disease. The survey revealed that the main reasons for poor compliance with SPT were inconvenient location and insufficient time. Conclusion: Patients' compliance with SPT was poor and the highest drop-out rate(32.4%) occurred in the first year. Significant relationships were found between the degree of compliance and smoking, type of therapy, implant, plaque control instruction and gender.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.258-272
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• 1998

This investigation evaluated patients who received Steri-Oss implants from the Dental Hospital of Chosun University during the period from March 1989 to August 1997. 346 fixtures of 127 patients were included in this study. The results were as follows ; 1.The follow-up period was defined as the period between the surgical placement of the implants and the last follow-up examination. The mean follow-up period was $2.17{\pm}1.21$ years. 2.The period between fixture installation and second surgery was $0.71{\pm}0.44$ years in the maxilla and $0.46{\pm}0.21$ years in the mandible. 3.The number of fixtures which were installed in the upper jaw(112) was less than that in the lower jaw(234) and in the posterior region(260) was more than in the anterior region(86). 4.The length of fixture which was most frequently used was 12 mm and least was 8mm. Screw implants were installed more than cylindrical implants. 3.8mm implant was the most common implans, followed by 4.5mm and 3.25mm. 5.The number of augmentation cases was more than that of non-augmentation cases and the rate of augmentation cases in the maxilla was more than that in the mandible. 6.Implant restorations for partial edentulos patients(94cases) were more than single- tooth implant restorations(33cases) or implant restorations for complete edentulos patients(10cases). 7.Free-standing prostheses for partially edentulous patients were more commom than any other type of connection between implants and natural teeth. 8.Plaque Index($0.95{\pm}0.74$) and Gingival Index($0.31{\pm}0.52$) were very similar around the natural teeth and reflected an acceptable level of plaque and gingivitis control. Mean value for keratinized mucosa index($1.93{\pm}1.20$) remained fairly constant around level 2(1-2 mm keratinized epithelium). 9.Patients were generally satisfied with implant in terms of comfort, function, speech and esthetics. 10.There was not a statistically significant differences in overall survial rate between implants placed in the maxilla (91.5%) and those placed in the mandible (93.8%). Fourteen implants lost before the prosthetic rehabilitation and eleven implants lost following variable periods in function after the prosthetic phase of the treatment. 11.Cause of implant failures was exfoliation or removal of fixture due to non-osseointegration before the prosthetic rehabilitation or due to fracture of fixture, masticatory pain after the prosthetic rehabilitation. 12.The survival rate of Steri-Oss implants using the Kaplan-Meier statistical analysis was 93.8% at 2 year and 86.6% at 5 year, In all cases, implant losses occured predominantly in the healing period. There was a steep decline in the rate of implant loss after the first year. 13.The survival rate of Steri-Oss implants in the anterior region was 94.8% at 2 year and 94.8% at 5 year and that in the posterior region was 92.8% at 2 year and 75.9% at 5 year. In conclusion, this study revealed a number of parameters and guidelines for achieving an optimal success rate in osseointegration.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.161-167
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• 1986

Some of the physiological properties of Sp816 bacteriophage of Bacillus subtilis SNU816 were characterized. It could form plaques on either B. subtilis SNU816 or B. natto 8102, but not on any other bacillus strains investrgated. Its plaque morphology was circular with a diameter of less than 1.0mm and had a narrow halo surrounding the clear center. Its latent period was 34-36 min and had a burst size of 547. It was most stable at pH 6.0, and rapidly inactivated at $60^{\circ}C$ with a initial deaty rate of -0.216 $min^{-1}$. Host range, thermal inactivation rate at $60^{\circ}C$, pH stability, and UV sensitivity revealed that SP816 was quite different from any other phages investigated together but seemed to be rather related to B. natto phages.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.444-451
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rate of adherence of bacteria on various denture relining materials and to find out the effects of chitosan, when it was added to denture relining materials. Denture relining materials such as Tokuso rebase normal $set^{(R)}$, Mild $rebaron^{(R)}$, $Kooliner^{TM}$, and New $truliner^{TM}$ were used in this study. The adherence of Streptococcus mutans was studied on the surfaces in the denture relining materials with chitosan and in those without chitosan. When chitosan was added to M17 broth and MRS broth, the viable cell count of Streptococcus mutans was reduced. The viable cell count of Streptococcus mutans on the specimens decreased in the following order : Mild rebaron, Tokuso rebase normal set, and Newtruliner and Kooliner. The deture relining materials with chitosan showed a lower rate of adherence of Streptococcus mutans than those without chitosan.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analysis know the important oral environmental factors which affect halitosis components of the adult in order to provide basic data for halitosis prevention and establish a device to eliminate halitosis efficiently. The 97 adults who visited at the Dental Clinic in Metropolis (M=68, F=30) participated in this study that performed from March in 2009 to in 2010. The obtained results through items as caries status, periodontal status, salivary flow, the viscosity, pH, Snyder test, plaque deposit, tongue plaque and halitosis check were as followings. The average shame of halitosis components appeared at hydrogen sulfide 36.71 ppb methyl mercaptan 31.46ppb dimethyl sulfide 54.33 ppb and Ammonia 22.60 ppm. The normality and the detection comparative result dimethyl sulfide above reverse appeared highly at 46.9%, ammonia appeared highly at 52%. According to the Hydrogen sulfide level was a high relationship among age, CPI, tongue coat status, DMFT index which were statistically significant (p<0.05). According to the quantity of hydrogen sulfide level there was relationship where tongue coat status Saliva flow rate considers statistically(p<0.05). The quantity of methyl mercaptan level there was relationship where Dimethyl sulfide level, tongue coat status, Saliva flow rate considers statistically(p<0.05). The quantity of Dimethyl sulfide level there was relationship where Hydrogen sulfide level, ammonia level, tongue coat status, Saliva pH and Saliva flow rate considers statistically(p<0.05). Ammonia level there was relationship where Methyl mercaptan level, CPI, and Saliva flow rate considers statistically(p<0.05).

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.157-175
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• 2007

This study was conducted through an interview process in which questionnaires were administered to 293 people. The questionnaires related to the behaviors of oral hygiene care, and disease history related to halitosis, and status of halitosis, halitosis measurement, oral examination, and caries activity tests such as the snyder test, Salivary flow rate test, and Salivary buffering capacity test. Our sample was taken from 293 rural residents within the period from 4th to 21st of January 2006. This was done in order to provide basic data to prepare both policies of halitosis prevention and a device to efficiently measure halitosis status and investigate the factors related therein. The major findings of this study results are as follows: 1. As for frequency of tooth brushing, twice a day occupied the greatest portion at 46.1 % Women exceeded men in frequency of tooth brushing. Tongue brushing everyday produced a 25.6 % result among subjects and The use of auxiliary oral hygiene devices occupied 9.2 %. 2. As for degree of usual self-awareness of halitosis: 62.5 %. This result also demonstrate that the severest time of self-awareness in regards to halitosis is wake up time in the morning. The time period produced the highest portion of 72.7 % in times of self-awareness. In terms of the area in which halitosis was observed, gum resulted in 23.0 %. As for types of halitosis, fetid smell was the most frequent at 37.2 %. 3. As for the result of halitosis measurement, values of OG less than 50 ppm occupied 54.3 % and $50{\sim}100ppm$ occupied 41.6 %. As for $NH_3$ values, $20{\sim}60ppm$ showed the highest value range of 52.6 %. 4. As for OG per disease history related to halitosis, values of OG were significantly high in the ranges of $50{\sim}100ppm$ within family history groups of food impaction by dental caries, diabetes mellitus and halitosis. As for values of $NH_3$, there showed a significant difference in respiratory system disease groups. 5 Value range of OG per ordinary halitosis self-awareness degree: values ranging less than 50 ppm were recorded at 55.9 % from the group realizing not aware of smell. 57.5 % from groups only realizing sometimes, while values range of $50{\sim}100ppm$ were recorded at 52.0 % from groups always aware of smell. 63.6 % from groups always strongly aware of smell. Meanwhile as for the values ranges of $NH_3$, $20{\sim}60ppm$. they occupied high portions for all groups of exams. 6. Values of OG per oral examination: the more pulp-exposed teeth and food impaction and the higher the tongue plaque index, values of OG increased within the range of $50{\sim}100ppm$. As for values of $NH_3$, the more prosthetic teeth and the higher the tongue plaque index, this value increased significantly, and the values increased up to no less than 60 ppm for groups of mandibular partial denture. 7. Within the realm of caries activity test: as for the Snyder test, high activity was highest by 43.0 % wherewith the higher the activity of acidogenic bacteria the higher the OG values. As for the salivary flow rate test, the number of cases below 8.0 ml showed the highest tendency by 62.5 %. The larger the salivary flow rate the more decreased OG values distribution. As for the salivary buffering capacity test, $6{\sim}10$ drops of 0.1N lactic acid showed the overwhelming trend by 58.7 % whereby the higher the salivary buffering capacity the greater distribution occupancy ratio of OG values below 50 ppm which is scentless to on ordinary person. 8. As for the correlation between oral environment and halitosis, OG showed the positive correlation with pulp exposed teeth, filled teeth, present teeth, tongue plaque index, and food impaction, while the negative correlation with salivary flow rate and prosthetic teeth. $NH_3$ showed a positive correlation with prosthetic teeth and frequency of tooth brushing, while decayed teeth was negative correlation. 9. As for the multiple regression analysis result, there have been selected female, pulp exposed teeth, prosthetic teeth, food impaction, salivary flow rate, tongue plaque index and severe activities in the Snyder test as factors affecting OG wherein explanatory power on it was 45.1 %. There have been selected females, pulp exposed teeth, tongue plaque index, and prosthetic teeth as factors affecting on $NH_3$ wherein explanatory power on it was 6.6 %. With the aforementioned results in mind, the status of halitosis among rural residents is considered to bare a close relation with oral environments and other factors related to halitosis such as the Snyder test from caries activity test, and salivary flow rate test. For the prevention of halitosis of residents in rural areas, we have to focus on correct tooth brushing methods and tongue brushing, with using auxiliary oral hygiene devices to remove fur of tongue plaque and food impaction. Also, when the cause and ingredients of halitosis are diverse and complex, in order to analyze exactly the factors of individual halitosis development, we need continuous and systematic study in order to provide rural residents with programs of oral hygiene education and encourage the use of dental hygienists in public health centers.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.14-23
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• 1995

Cyclosporin A is a powerful immunosuppressive agent commonly used for patients receiving organ transplants. Like phenytoin and the calcium channel blockers, the drug is associated with gingival overgrowth. The purpose of this study was to compare the correlation with gingival overgrowth score and clinical indices(i.e, : plaque index, papillary bleeding index, probing depth) and correlation with gingival overgrowth score and microorganism distribution in use of phase contrast microscope. After renal tranplant, taking cyclosporin A 40 patients participating in this investigation. Post - transplatation cyclosporin medication period was average $17.53{\pm}15.75$ months. In previous study reported that gingival overgrowth is an adverse side - effects seen in about 25-81% of patient taking cyclosporin A. The results were as follows : 1. Gingival overgrowth prevalence in taking cyclosporin A patients was 77.5%. Prevalence rate of region was anterior region(26 teeth, 55.3%), molar region(14 teeth, 29.8%), premolar region(7 teeth, 14.8%) in turns. Gingival overgrowth score by Angelopoulos & Goaz method was molar region($1.56{\pm}0.81$), anterior region($1.52{\pm}0.75$), premolar region($1.14{\pm}0.90$) in turns. 2. Medication period was not correlation with gingival overgrowth score. 3. Clinical indices and gingival overgrowth score were as follows. 1) Plaque index and gingival overgrowth score was significantly correlated(p

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 1994

Electrophysiological recordings of antennal responses to common plant volatile chemicals in the rice brown planthopper, Niloparuota lugens (Homoptera: Delphasidae}, were examined. Volatile plant chemicals were generally credited with a major role In host plant location for food or egg laying by many insects feeding on plants as adults and/or as larvae. An mitial examination of extracellular responses has been conducted. Acton potentials recorded from the plaque organs were initially positive-going, biphaslc spikes and the background firing rate of the cells recorded ranged from 1 ~22 impulses/sec. A wide range of responses to changes in concentration of the test chemical was observed. The commonest response was a relatively small increase in exitation with increasing concentration beween 1 J.lg and 100).\g on the filter paper in syringe. Adtivity either peaked at 100 $\mug$ and remained virtually saturated at 1000 f19 or tended to decrease at the highest concentration.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.63-72
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• 2010

The present study purposed to prevent oral diseases and to improve oral health in children. For this purpose, we selected 70 cases who are 5~7 years old preschoolers at the kindergarten affiliated to G College in Gyeongsangbukdo, and analyzed the general patterns of oral care and the relation of the patterns with dental plaque and deciduous dental caries in the children. Specifically, we conducted oral examination and applied pit and fissure sealant according to the eruption of deciduous molar and first molar. In addition, we executed the 1st and 2nd tooth brushing instruction (TBI), and surveyed S-OHI and PHP twice. Excluding 14 preschoolers who did not appear in the 2nd survey, we performed the study with 56 preschoolers and drew conclusions as follows. 1. The number of decayed or missed or filled teeth among deciduous teeth was 3 or more in 42.9% of female children, and 46.4% of male children, so male children showed a slightly higher rate. 2. The degree of dental plaque formation was $1.64{\pm}1.22$ among the surveyed children. 3. The oral health index was lower after TBI than before in all the children (P<.001). 4. Change in the oral health index was particularly larger in 7 year old female children (p<.005). 5. The patient hygiene performance index was lower after TBI than before in both the buccal surface and lingual surface of the children (p<.005). 6. The patient hygiene performance index was lower after TBI than before in all of male children's teeth except the right maxillary first deciduous molar (p<.001).

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.103-109
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of oral exercise on oral health and oral health related quality of life in the elderly people. Methods: The subjects were83 elderly people including 42 elderly people of intervention group and 41 elderly people of control group. A dentist and a dental hygienist carried out the direct oral examination. The self-reported questionnaire was completed and the oral examination consisted of decayed tooth, missing tooth, filling tooth, functioning tooth, plaque index, salivary flow rate, and range of motion in mouth opening. OHIP-14 was used to assess the oral health related quality of life. For three months, oral exercise was done twice per week in the experimental group. Results: Before oral exercise, there was no significant difference between the intervention group and control group. After 3 months, there was a significant improvement in plaque reduction and range of motion in mouth opening between two groups (p<0.001, p<0.001). Oral health related quality of life was observed in the intervention group (p<0.001). Conclusions: The oral exercise using toothbrushing remarkably improved the oral health related quality of life in the elderly people.