• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2022

An efficient genetic transformation protocol is a fundamental requirement for high regeneration capacity from cultivated durum wheat (Triticum durum) varieties. In this study, wereportedtheeffectsoftwoauxins,2,4-dichlorophenoxyaceticacid(2,4-D)and4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicoli nicacid(picloram), at a concentration of 2 mg/Laloneandincombination on the embryogenic callus and plantlet regeneration of four durum wheat varieties (Amria, Chaoui, Marouane, and Tomouh) using mature embryos (MEs) and immature embryos (ImEs). Significanteffectsofvariety,culturemedium(theauxinused),andvariety-mediuminteraction were observed on the callus weight and plantlet regeneration of both MR and ImE explants. The medium used for callus induction significantly affected plantlet regeneration (p < 0.001). Comparedto2,4-D, picloram led to a higher plantlet regeneration rate in both ME and ImE explants (19.8% and 40.86%, respectively). Plantlet regeneration also varied significantly depending on the variety and medium used. PicloramledtohighplantletregenerationofbothME and ImE explants in all varieties except Tomouh, which showed high plantlet regeneration of ME explants in 2,4-D. A comparison of ME and ImE responses indicated that ImEs are the best explants for high plantlet regeneration in durum wheat. Ourfindingssuggestthatpicloramisthebestauxin and should be used instead of 2,4-D due to its positive effect on increasing plant regeneration of durum wheat ME and ImE explants.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.229-235
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• 2010

In this study, we established an in vitro regeneration system to maximize the recovery of leafy perilla (Perilla frutescens L. Britton) plantlets as part of developing a molecular biotechnology-based metabolic engineering program for this crop plant. Hypocotyl segments including the apical buds were used as explants for the direct production of shoots without an interim callus phase. The number of shoots produced from the apical buds peaked within 3-4 weeks, and the shoots were subsequently cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 2 mg $1^{-1}$ benzylaminopurine (BA). Spontaneous rhizogenesis was observed after 7-10 days of culture on MS media without hormonal additives. The rooted shoots developed into normal plants in soil after hardening on distilled water for 3-4 days. The average plantlet regeneration frequency was higher for the apical buds (64.33%) than for the top (15.66%), middle (4%), and basal (1.33%) segments of the hypocotyls. This regeneration system demonstrates a capacity for high-frequency plantlet recovery and thus should be considered for use in the genetic manipulation of leafy perilla.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.129-134
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• 2005

Callus induction from a leaf explant has been achieved in Lilium Oriental hybrid 'Casa Blanca'. The highest frequency of callus induction was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BA and 2.0 mg/L NAA after 2 months of culture. The cultures maintained continuously without change in color and type of callus when they cultured in the dark. Plantlet regeneration with a high frequency was achieved from induced calli on the same medium. A number of shoots are formed from one cluster of callus, and bulblets developed into intact plantlets after transfer to hormone-free MS medium. No phenotypic variations were observed among regenerants. Enhancement in plantlet regeneration via callus formation would be expected to facilitate the efficiency of transformation of this Oriental hybrid 'Casa Blanca'.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.213-213
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• 1995

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.331-335
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• 2013

Buckwheat sprout is used as vegetable, and also flour for making noodles, and so on. Currently, information about tissue culture in buckwheat is limited and restricted to micro-propagation. We carried out somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration using hypocotyl segments as explant of the cultivated buckwheat species, Fagopyrum esculentum which differs from existing studies in the growth regulator combinations used. Maximum callus regeneration was induced on MS medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) $2.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, benzyladenine (BA) $1.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and 3% sucrose. Friable callus was transferred to solidified MS media containing BA ($1.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) with various concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid for the induction of embryogenesis. The optimum concentrations of growth regulators (for regeneration of plantlet) were indole-3-acetic acid ($2.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), Kinetin ($1.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), BA ($1.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$). Only 2,4-D did not show any significant effect on callus induction or embryogenesis. Regeneration of embryonic callus varied from 5% to 20%. Whole plants were obtained at high frequencies when the embryogenic calli with somatic embryos and organized shoot primordia were transferred to MS media with 3% sucrose. The main objective of this research was to develop an efficient protocol for plant regeneration for common buckwheat, and to apply in future for genetic transformation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.4
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• pp.693-697
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• 2011

This study was conducted to examine effects of concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) or /kinds of osmotica on induction of somatic embryos (SEs), germination and plantlet regeneration in Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi). In comparison of duration of culture, concentrations of ABA and osmoticum, the highest induction number (191/g tissue) of the SE was showed in $60{\mu}M$ ABA+0.2 M sucrose for 4 weeks culture. However, the lowest number (3.5~23.5) of SEs was induced from $4{\mu}M$ ABA+0.1 M sucrose, regardless of culture duration for SEs induction. In comparison of germination efficiency of SEs, the highest induction frequencies of cotyledon (90.9%), hypocotyl (95.8%) and root (96.5%), respectively, were obtained from the SEs that cultured from the treatment of $60{\mu}M$ ABA+0.2 M sucrose with 5 weeks culture. In contrast, the lowest germination response was showed in SEs that induced from the treatment of $4{\mu}M$ ABA+0.1 M sucrose. In comparison of effect of different kinds/concentrations of osmotica for germination and plantlet regeneration, the best response was obtained from the treatment of 0.2 M sucrose with induction of cotyledon (98.3%), hypocotyl (78.4%), root (57.5%) and plantlet regeneration (54.8%), respectively.

• Plant Resources
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.22-25
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• 1998

To establish direct multipropagation through organogenesis from nodal explants of Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata, the nodes were cultured on LS medium containing various concentrations of 6-benzyladenine(BA). High plant regeneration and adventitious bud formation were obtained from supplemented with 4.0mg/l of BA. Plant height was promoted by adding 0.3% activated charcoal. Plantlet regeneration capacity from nodes was depended on nodal parts on the stem, upper position was the best comparing with intermediate and lower.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1980.09a
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• pp.21-25
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• 1980

Callus culture was initiated from explants of mature root tissues of ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) on MS medium enriched with 2, 4-D. The aging callus produced numerious embryoids in the same medium. Reculture of these embryoids in the media (1/2 MS or B5) supplemented with benzyladenine and gibberellic acid resulted in profuse plantlet regeneration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.120-120
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• 2003

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.26-39
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• 2020

In maize, immature embryos (IEs) are highly regenerative explants most suitable for producing high frequencies of plantlet regeneration in vitro. Apart from media, explants, and hormones, genotypic variation also influences in vitro characters to a great extent. In the present study, IEs were used to study the distinctive effect of variation of size/stage and hormones in different genotypes on five in vitro characters viz., frequency of callus induction, growth rate of total callus, frequency of E. callus induction, and volume and number of regenerated plantlets. LS medium with different concentrations of 2,4-D (0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 4.0 and 5.0 mg/L) were used to study the former four in vitro characters, and medium with 6-benzylaminopurine and kinetin (0.5 mg/L, each) was used for plantlet regeneration. IEs of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 mm in size were isolated from four inbred lines viz., NM74C, NM81A, NM5883 and NM5884. Two-way ANOVA revealed that explant size and genotypes, as well as hormonal concentrations showed significant effects on in vitro characters. Two millimeter IEs were found to be suitable for in vitro cultures. LS medium with 1.5 mg/L 2,4-D and LS with BAP and Kn (0.5 mg/L, each) were found to be the best hormonal concentrations for callus induction, maintenance, and regeneration, respectively. Among the four genotypes, NM81A and NM5883 yielded more non-embryogenic and Type I E. calli. In contrast, NM74C and NM5884 yielded more highly regenerative Type II calli. Inbred line NM5884 was found to be the best among these four genotypes.