• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.84-90
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• 1986

An experiment was conducted to know the effects of planting dates (March 5, 15, and 25 and April 4) and transparent polyethylene (P.E.) film treatments(tunnel, tunnel slit, and mulch) on air and soil temperatures and growth and yield of a sweet corn variety, Great Bell. Maximum air and soil temperatures and minimum air and soil temperatures were greater at tunnel>tunnel slit>mulch in that order. Differences in maximum air and soil temperatures among the P.E. film treatments were much greater than those in minimum air and soil temperatures. However, when film was opened due to high air temperature over 40$^{\circ}C$ in the tunnel, air temperature was similar but soil temperature was lower com-pared to mulch. High temperature stress could be avoided in tunnel slit without opening film by increase in the number of slits. Cold damage of corn seedlings was avoided by tunnel and reduced by tunnel slit, and frost-damaged seedlings under the mulch were recovered in few days. The number of days from planting to silking was reduced as planting date delayed. At early plantings, tunnel enhanced early growth and silking, but it delayed at late plantings because tunnel was opened during the most of day time due to high temperature. Black streaked dwarf virus(BSDV) disease was more severe at early plantings and it was reduced in tunnel slit at late plantings because plants were grown under the film at the time of infection. The number of marketable ears was similar among all treatments except mulch at March 5 planting where BSDV was severely infected. Gross income was high in tunnel and tunnel slit at March 25 planting which had more larger marketbale ears and tunnel and tunnel slit at March 5 planting which had higher market price.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.327-337
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• 1996

A field experiment was conducted at SNU Experimental Livestock Farm, Suweon in 1995 to determine effect of planting date on forage performance of wm hybrids of four different maturity groups. A split-plot design replicated three times was used, with com hybrids representing four maturity groups (115, 118, 121 and 125 days) being the main plots and planting dates (3124, 415, 415, 425, 515 and 5/15) the sub-plots. 1. Days to emergence and percent emergence from the March 24 planting were, on the average, 36 days and 58%, respectively, but those from the April 5 to May 15 planting averaged 12 days and 92%, respectively. 2. Plant and ear heights increased gradually as the dates of planting were delayed except the May 15 planting, however, percent ear was decreased as the dates of planting were delayed. There was a trend for the mean lodging percentage of the hybrids to be higher as the planting date was delayed. 3. The 115-and 118-day mediumearly maturing hybrids harvested on August 18 produced silages with a dry matter content between 27 and 30% at all planting dates except the May 15 planting, while the 121-and 125-day medium-late maturing hybrids produced silages with a dry matter wntent less than 27% regardless of any planting dates. 4. There were no significant differences in mean dry matter yield among the hybrids, but significant mean TDN yield differences were found. The 115-, 118- and 125-day hybrids had significantly higher mean TDN yield than the 121-day hybrid. There were significant differences in mean dry matter and TDN yields among the planting dates. The mean dry matter and TDN yields from the April 5, 15 and 25 plantings were significantly higher than those of other plantings, however, there were no significant differences in mean TDN yield among the April 5, April 15 and April 25 plantings. No significant planting date $\times$ maturity interactions were found for both the dry matter and TDN yields. 5. Mean stover NDF and ADF contents of the 115- and 118day hybrids were higher than those of the 121- and 125-day hybrids, but the reverse was true for mean stover IVDMD and RFV. Mean stover NDF an ADF contents increased with earlier plantings, but mean stover IVDMD and RFV increased when planting was delayed. Results of this experiment indicate that for corn planting in central and northern areas of Korea, early to mid-April may be the right time with the 115-to 118-day maturity hybrids when silage making before August 20 is taken into consideration.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.38-47
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• 2000

Carbon dioxide is a major greenhouse gas causing climate change. This study quantified annual direct and indirect uptake of carbon by urban greenspace, and annual carbon release from vegetation maintenance and fossil fuel consumption. The study area was whole Chuncheon and Kangleung, and also two districts of Kangnam and Junglang in Seoul, cities located in middle Korea. Carbon uptake by urban greenspace played an important role through offsetting carbon release by 6-7% annually in Chuncheon and Kangleung. For Kangnam and Junglang, where the population density was relatively higher, urban greenspace annually offset carbon release by 1-2%. Future possible tree plantings could double annual carbon uptake by existing trees in urban lands (except natural and agricultural lands) of a study city. Based on study results, planning and management guidelines for urban greenspace were suggested to save energy and to reduce atmospheric $CO_2$ concentrations. They included selection of optimum tree species, proper planting location from buildings, design of multilayered planting, amendment of existing regulations for greenspace enlargement, avoidance f intensive vegetation maintenance, and conservation of natural vegetation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.89-103
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• 2014

This study analyzed the preference depending on street planting types and visual characteristics on Dongdaegu-ro located in Suseong-gu, Daegu Metropolitan City. The Single Row Roadside, Central Sidewalk Plantings, Double Row Parallel and Alternate Plantings were selected as the planting types. The plantings were divided at intervals of 4, 7 and 10 meters. A survey was conducted by dynamic simulation produced from pedestrian perspective. As a result, in single planting, the single central sidewalk planting with 4 meter-interval showed a high landscape preference 4.64. In addition, in double planting, the double alternate planting with 7 meter-interval showed the highest landscape preference 5.01. The factors that had the greatest effect on the landscape preference were 'comfortable' and 'beautiful'. It was considered that they should be preferentially taken into account in producing landscapes by planting. It was considered that they should be preferentially taken into account. It is also considered that this study will be used for objective data and planting plan for establishing the comfortable and high quality streetscape by quantitative evaluation of the visual characteristics and preference according to the street planting types.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.165-168
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• 1979

For crops that are planted in a lattice layout, sampling designs can be made to take advantage of this regular arrangement. In order to select which tobacco plants to be examined in a survey to estimate disease loss in tobacco a method of, so called, bent plots was devised based on the regularity of plantings in the tobacco fields. We will first describe this sample selection and measurement method and then provide estimators and their bias and variance properties.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.25
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• pp.19-23
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• 2007

This research to streets at Daegu, and view adjective how people react when draw a bird into interior in city utilize and examine becoming direction of street trees system. Findings on survey, citizens appear by average 2.87 in management degree of street trees and average 2.76 in various of species of trees, discontent thing more or less by average 2.91 in satisfaction of the beauty, and demonstrate high shame from satisfaction for season stuff to comparative high 3.24, generally, citizens appear by there are parts to improve by do dissatisfaction about street trees system at Daegu. Also, street trees 2 lines plantings for a bird is average 3.05, shows affirmative feedback about that shrub utilization for a bird see high numerical value by average 3.4 and people draw a bird to space of city. Therefore, construct street trees friendly to the nature and be considered to need to re-establish set street trees environment in citizens preference to recover city ecosystem. As result that examine reaction which treat in street trees planting programs to draw birds into city through view adjective, Likert scales about 2 lines plantings of street trees and additional planting of shrub show affirmative feedback by average 3.4 both ordinary people and specialist group, if people want to draw birds into city by various of method, various research should be accomplished.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.88-100
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• 2014

The purpose of the study is to analyze the regional effectiveness of wall-plantings by applying a biotope area ratio when wall-plantings are constructed in high density areas. For this, this study required a sample of the wall-planting's regional plan. Therefore, types of wall-planting were determined and applied to a sample site. Four types of wall-plantings were developed by formative features and functional features. Type "A" had simple and functional features, Type "B" had both mixed and functional features, Type "C" had both simple and landscape features and Type "D" had mixed and landscape features. Jung-gu District in Seoul was chosen as the sample site. Total investigations were performed three times for three months from June to August, 2011. Total green-able walls were located in 498 places with a total length of 8,449m and gross vertical area of $23,754.90m^2$. The classification results of total green-able walls by the four types were Type "A" at $1,936.65m^2$, Type "B" at $5,875.30m^2$, Type "C" at $12,487.85m^2$ and Type "D" at $3,455.10m^2$. This study analyzed how all facade areas of the green-able walls impacted the biotope area ratio at the site. First, the biotope area ratio regarding all the zones in Jung-gu District was defined as the gross biotope area ratio while the biotope area ratio regarding all of the artificial zones was defined as the net biotope area ratio. In the case of the gross biotope area ratio, 17.97% is current ration with a projected increase to 0.10% after wall-planting. In the case of the net biotope area ratio, 4.73% is the current ration with a projected increase to 0.11% after wall-planting. This 0.11% is about 2.28% of 4.73%. This study looks at all wall-plantings that have been constructed throughout a high density area to observe their impact on the improvement of ecological function therein. With consideration of the landscape value of the facade, the regional effectiveness of wall-planting is expected to increase even more.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.21-32
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• 1979

This experiment was carried out to fond out the proper transplanting time of burley tobacco since the transplanting dates In Jeonla Do varied from early April to late June. In this experiment , the first transplanting was lone on April 10 and continued until June, 20 with the total of 7 Plantings. The results of experiment from 1977 to 1978 showed no significant differences on value per kg (won /kg ) from April 10 to May 10 whether the plants were grown with mulching or non -mulching The yield and price per 10a were highest with May, 10 transplanting . The proper transplanting date obtained by regression analysis, however, was between May, 1 to May 5.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.495-508
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• 1993

This experiment was conducted to investigate the amount of natural crossing at varying isolation distance and various transplanting time in tobacco. Normal variety and male sterile line showed an average of 1. 6 and 29% natural crossing in the adjacent plantings, respectively. The natural crossing was highest in the adjacent planting, as expected, and less at the farther distance from pollinator plants. Plants transplanted in April 20th were higher in natural crossing than those of other transplanting time.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.42-59
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• 2017

To investigate rooting and community forming ability, sod strips of Gramineae such as Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Benth., Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens(Andersson) Rendle, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii(Retz.) Pilg., and Arundinella hirta(Thunb.) Tanaka were planted horizontally at a width of 10~15cm in October 2010 on the bank slope of Kwangju Stream in Korea. Seeds of each species were sown in April 2010 in plastic seedbeds(60cm length ${\times}$ 30cm width ${\times}$ 5cm depth) filled with 4cm of garden soil and grew until October 2010 to form rectangular sod, which then was cut into multiple strips(20cm length ${\times}$ 6cm width ${\times}$ 4cm root depth). Weeds growing on the experiment sites were removed twice a year until those four species had formed a community by 2013. Weeds were not eradicated during 2014 and 2015 to observe whether the community formation can be maintained without weed removal. t-tests on stem numbers and heights in May, July, and September were conducted between 2013 and 2014, and between 2014 and 2015. Stem numbers and heights of the four species in 2014 were significantly decreased(p<0.001) compared with those in 2013 due to weed damage to their growth in 2014. Stem numbers and heights of Miscanthus sacchariflorus(Maxim.) Benth., Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens(Andersson) Rendle, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii(Retz.) Pilg. in 2015 were similar to those in 2014(p>0.05). Stem numbers and heights of Arundinella hirta(Thunb.) Tanaka in 2015, however, were significantly reduced compared with those in 2014(p<0.001) due to weed impact on its growth. After three years of weed removal, a community of each species was formed. Miscanthus sacchariflorus(Maxim.) Benth., Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens(Andersson) Rendle, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii(Retz.) Pilg. were able to establish communities without any further weed removal. Arundinella hirta(Thunb.) Tanaka, however, was not able to maintain its community due to considerable damage to its growth caused by weeds even after three years of weed removal. Miscanthus sacchariflorus(Maxim.) Benth., Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens(Andersson) Rendle, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii(Retz.) Pilg. are more suitable to sod strip plantings on stream bank slopes in terms of the maintenance of community formation without weed eradication. t-test on stem numbers and heights each September during the five year experiment period between sod strip planting and potted plants of the four species were conducted. Stem numbers of strip sod plantings were significantly higher(p<0.001) than those of potted one. Heights of strip sod plantings, however, were significantly lower(p<0.05) than those of the potted samples. Therefore, strip sod planting is more advantageous regarding bank slope erosion protection due to the higher number of stems.