• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 1999.10c
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• pp.682-688
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• 1999

We threat sludge by heating methods with low pollution and high efficiency. Organic and inorganic components in Sludge can be almost removed through the heaging treatment process, and thefinal products are called artifical aoil or artificial media which are depended on temperature control. It can be recycled on the agricultural sites. Because it contained sort of organic matters while high heaging process with addition. To use them as agricultural materials, it need to know their characteristic transform in the nature. So we have planting bean and corn for two years with standard planting methods and to anticipate changing characteristics of artificial media and artificial soil by staying it natural condition, analyze it physical and chemical characteristics. This study will be contributed to reduce mass enviornmental problems by the treatment of Sludge and make it possible application for a agriculture use.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.59-71
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• 2006

Due to the rapid process of industrialization the cities of Korea confront changes of climate, destructions of the habitate and decrease of the green. Recently Seoul and other local governments have implemented policies and projects to improve the environmental surroundings. In reality, however, those policies and projects face difficulties in the course of implementation. The fact that there are no concrete regulations and specific legal procedures turns out to be one of the main difficulties. The aim of this study is to present specific plans and methods of wall-planting and to provide basic guidelines for the future direction of wall-planting and offer ideas of facilitating wall-planting. This study is based on questionnaires from specialists of landscape architecture through individual interviews and/or e-mails. The questionnaire is consisted of following 4 sections. 1. Show the experts current regulations and/or legal procedures and ask them improvements and suggestions. 2. Ask them choose matters of the highest priority by using Ricardo's diagram method. 3. Ask them to make a graded list in terms of the location and method of wall-planting. 4. Study the maketability of the wall-planting products currently in circulation. The city of Seoul and the Ministry of Environment recommend that trellis and/or planting inducement structures be installed on the building wall by regulation. The specialists responded to the questionnaire advocate that green wall without trellis should be allowed as green zone. Therefore regulations concerning the wall-planting should be determined specifically according to the characteristics of individual plants and walls. It has been urged that legal aid and social support must be reinforced to establish rules dealing with wall-planting. The respondents also point out that significant cutting down of the tax is far more effective in accelerating the wall-green instead of administrative support. The highest priority in terms of planting has been given to sound-proof wall, retaining wall and building wall. Concerning the maketability of the wall-planting products, panel products are recommended for early-planting and building planting. It has been suggested that the research and study of new materials and species be done in advance.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2012

This study examines how fence demolition may change the thermal environments of external spaces of houses and suggests what factors need to be considered when a fence is demolished. The results of the research are summarized as follows. In terms of the surface temperature, there was no significant difference in all time plots after the removal of all materials. However, applying greening methods (changing the surface materials, planting trees, and building a green roof following fence demolition) could lower the surface temperatures, calling for proper plans for various greening methods. The MRT results indicates that walls block solar radiation and provide shade, reducing radiant heat from roads and surrounding structures during the daytime when solar radiation directly effects surface temperatures. Also, the application of greening methods such as planting vegetation and trees could have shading and evapotranspiration effects, leading to a lower temperature distribution. The HIP results were similar to the MRT results. They indicated that walls block solar radiation within the residential sections and provide shade, resulting in a lower temperature distribution during the daytime. However, areas where greening methods such as a green roof or tree planting were applied showed $1{\sim}2^{\circ}C$ difference in temperature distribution.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1127-1137
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• 2021

Given the different effects of agricultural mechanization on various stages of wheat planting in Henan, this article selects 78 observation samples from Henan, a major wheat-growing province. It uses different research methods (multiple linear regression, social network analysis model, multi-layer sensory nerves network) to conduct a comparative study, and the calculation results of the model show that the experimental results have a strong convergence and consistency. Agricultural mechanization services have significant effects on the three stages of wheat planting: harvesting, plowing and sowing. A higher degree of mechanized service in several stages can reduce the cost of growing wheat on family farms.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.782-787
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• 2003

Perill(Perilla frutescens var. japonica $H_{ARA}$), “Ipdlkkae 1” was tested for the yield components in accordance with several different application levels, seeding methods and seeding dates. The results were summarized as follows: Application of fertilizer remarkably increased leaf number and leaf weight. Specially nitrogen showed the most significant effect. The best combination of NㆍPㆍK for cultivation of perilla was investigated ill three leveles of 6kg /10a, 9kg/10a, and 10kg/10a. The planting density in $10cm\times10cm/m^2$, and the seeding date on December 23 were found as the best results. However, $10cm\times7cm/m^2$ planting was better to get heavy leaf.Perill(Perilla frutescens var. japonica $H_{ARA}$), “Ipdlkkae 1” was tested for the yield components in accordance with several different application levels, seeding methods and seeding dates. The results were summarized as follows: Application of fertilizer remarkably increased leaf number and leaf weight. Specially nitrogen showed the most significant effect. The best combination of NㆍPㆍK for cultivation of perilla was investigated ill three leveles of 6kg /10a, 9kg/10a, and 10kg/10a. The planting density in $10cm\times10cm/m^2$, and the seeding date on December 23 were found as the best results. However, $10cm\times7cm/m^2$ planting was better to get heavy leaf.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.153-158
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• 2010

To obtain the basic information for late-cultivation of sweet potato [Ipomoea hatalas (L.) Lam. cv. 'Jinhongmi'], vine growth and storage root yield were investigated in variously cutting sizes (10, 20, and 30 cm) and planting depths (1~4 nodes in 30 cm vine) using black-film vinyl mulching cultivation ($75{\times}25\;cm$ planting density, June 20). At 30 days after planting, main vine length, number of node, and vine fresh weight were significantly affected by the cutting length, and these were significantly different 10 and 30 cm at 120 days. The vine elongation affected by planting depths showed the best growth in 2-nodes planting depth and the lowest growth in 4-nodes planting depth at 30 days, but the vine growth was not significantly different among planting depths at 120 days. Number of storage root per plant, weight of storage root per plant, mean weight of storage root and yield of storage root were increased in longer cutting length, and those in 10 cm cutting length were significantly reduced compared to the 20 and 30 cm cutting length. Number of storage root per plant in the deeper planting was much increased, but mean weight of storage root was much decreased. Yield of storage root per 10a was highest in 3-nodes planting depth. Therefore, planting methods by cutting length over 20 cm and planting depth of 2~3 nodes in late-cultivation of sweet potato will be more efficient to improve the vine growth and storage root yield.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.106-127
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• 2010

Although multi-layer planting methods are more widely used as a method for clustered planting and environmental programs such as plant remediation, difficulties have been faced in applying those to planting design. This study develops a basic planting model that can be applied to multi-layer planting in basis on an analysis of forest structures in the Seoul area. An optimal number of clusters was determined through the ISA (Indicator Species Analysis), and 7 basic clusters were found through a cluster analysis by using PC ORD 4.0 software specifically developed for ecological analysis. The 7 basic clusters include the following communities: the Quercus acutissima Community, Sorbus alnifolia-Quercus mongolica Community, Pinus rigida-Pinus densifiora Community, Rododendron mucronulatum var. mucronulatum-Quercus mongolica Community, Juniperus rigida-Quercus mongolica Community, Rododendron mucronulatum var. mucronulatum-Pinus densiflora Community, and Rododendron sclippenbachii-Quercus mongolica Community. The study also selected 57 species with at least a 10% frequency among the plant species existing in the Seoul area and suggested both a companion species and available similar alternative species by conducting an additional interspecific association analysis. This study may help to enhance usefulness of the model in architectural planting design. In addition, the two results named above were synthesized to develop a multi-layer planting model that can be utilized in landscape planting design by selecting similar alternative species through the interspecific association analysis, which includes 7 clusters of natural plants. The multi-layer planting model can be widely applied to design planting because the model has an average target cover range based on the average value of a transformed likelihood.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.223-227
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• 1998

The objectives of this study were to find the sprouting condition and to establish the optimum production methods of plug seedlings in yacon (Polymnia sonchifolia Poepp. & Endl.). The sprouting ratio was greatest at $30\pm 1^{\circ}C$ at 20 days after planting. Crowns with single buds were more effective than those with two or more buds for sprouting, which might be due to the apical dominance. Planting the shoots separated from crown after sprouting in the single- and double-layer polyethylene-covered greenhouses reduced seedling period with 25% and 50%, respectively. Planting the shoots after sprouting was more effective than planting the crown buds. Double-layer polyethylene-covered green-house was good for plug seedling production than open field or single-layer polyethylene-covered greenhouse. The bed soils composed of clay loam : compost or sand : compost (1:l=v:v) were more effective to produce plug seedlings than only clay loam, sand or compost. Seedlings could be produced at 30 days after planting in our studies.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2024

This study was conducted to validate the growth and productivity of cucumber hydroponics using coir as the medium, different types of nutrient solutions and formal methods, in order to select the most efficient cultivation method. The nutrient solutions consisted of culture solution (S) and raw water (W), the planting methods were rockwool cube seedlings (RC), rockwool plug seedlings (RP), and slab directly seedlings (DS). The reference date was set the sowing date. The initial growth showed a significant increase in the culture solution treatment, the differences among treatments decreased as the growth period lengthened. There was no apparent correlation between the planting methods and growth, but different results were observed among the same planting methods depending on nutrient solution used. Similarly, productivity followed a similar trend, with significantly higher harvest in the culture solution treatment during the initial harvest period of 6-8 weeks after sowing, but the harvest gap among treatments were diminished in the after period. The cumulative harvest was significantly higher in the culture solution treatment due to the initial difference in harvest quantity. Plant growth and fruit productivity exhibited a similar trend, showing a linear relationship. There was no correlation among the planting methods, but direct seedling with the culture solution showed the highest initial growth and harvests due to stable nutrient and moisture supply in the initial root zone. Therefore, it is believed that direct seeding method on the culture solution medium would be most advantageous for plant growth and productivity. Additionally, it is expected to contribute to cost effectiveness from an economic perspective through simplification of the cultivation process, labor costs and production cost reduction

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.323-332
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• 1997

Drainage is needed to run off excessive water stress during the rainy season for soybean cultivation in the converted upland from paddy field. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of planting dates and drainage methods on growth and yield of sprout soybeans in the converted upland from paddy field. The stem and root growth at flowering stage showed no difference by drainage method but plant height, number of nodes and branches, and fresh weight of stem and root were much greater as planting date delayed. Seed yield was correlated positively with fresh weight of stem and root, and T/R ratio at the flowering stage, respectively. Lodging degree was not different by drainage method but was higher in planting at June 16 than May 15. Number of pods and 100 seed weight were not different by drainage method and 100 seed weight was heavy in Eunhakong, light in Kwangankong as planting date delayed. Higher seed yield was observed in surface drainage than open ditched drainage. Yield performance of Eunhakong was good in late planting, while that of Kwangankong was in early planting.