• 인간식물환경학회지
• /
• 제23권6호
• /
• pp.615-624
• /
• 2020

Background and objective: Urbanization caused a reduction in urban green space and a lack of community spaces. An attempt to solve these problems, urban gardens, have become popular and are currently being implemented in various downtown areas. However, urban gardens have some inadequate aspects from a visual or landscape perspective. The goal of this study was to examine the possibility of an aesthetic and productive garden space by introducing cultivation methods through the planting system design process. Methods: The design process using plants was classified and presented to suggest the importance of the landscape and aesthetic value. An urban garden space was designed according to the perspective of 'production scenery' and 'participation aesthetics'. According to the characteristics of the plant, urban gardens were divided into vertical type (corn, millet, sorghum), climbing type (kidney bean, cucumber, bitter gourd), and runner type (melon, watermelon, peanut). After classifying plants according to the shape of the root, the structure supporting climbing was installed and the crops were cultivated in an upright form with a tunnel. Results: In the designed cultivation, each crop cooperates, without invading each other's space. Compared with the conventional cultivation, there was little difference in production, and management was made more convenient since weed outbreaks were effectively suppressed while runner type crops cover over the land's surface. Since the positions of each crop are clearly distinguished, the aesthetic value is improved by offering a sense of rhythm with a balanced design. Conclusion: The results suggest that the cultivation methods through the plant system design process have aesthetic as well as productive value, and the design using plants, an infinite living resource, could lead to an expansion of the design field. Moreover, it would enable a sustainable symbiosis between industry and environment. There is potential for the design industry to make significant progress through collaboration with agriculture, horticulture, and landscape architecture.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.341-350
• /
• 2019

Garlic is one of the most popular seasoning bulb vegetables in Korea and is the most commonly used food ingredient. However, the cultivation areas are decreasing every year as the price drops due to imported garlic, and labor is insufficient to produce garlic by conventional methods. Cultivation requires various tasks until garlic is harvested. Seeding is one of the important and laborious tasks; thus, mechanization is necessary. When seeding garlic, the sprout should face upwards; otherwise, it may rot or produce poor quality garlic. This study investigated the extent of growth of northern- and southern-type garlic in eight different positions. The results show when the roots were not planted properly, the stems were weak, and the garlic bulbs were small. A simple garlic planter was manufactured with a crank-press mechanism to plant garlic in an upright position. Using this machine, a three-fold experiment was carried out with 100 strips of garlic. The test results showed that 99.4% of the planted garlic strips were positioned upright or close to being upright, and 0.6% failed to take root. An image processing algorithm was developed to locate the root part of the garlic, and the result showed a success rate of 81%. A future study will develop an automatic garlic upright planting system with a viewing system.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.12-21
• /
• 1982

Red pine and Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis Gordon) grown in Korea have been the main species of coniferous resources in Korea. Especially, planting area of Japanese larch has been increased continueously in the recent years due to its superior plant type and rapid growth rate and its stocks reached approximately 4.32 million cubic meters at the present time. Although many research works have been done for the utilization of the larch wood in various ways, still many problems are existed in its chemical applications due to a large proportion of soluble extractives. In this study, chemical composition of larch extractives and chemical structure of its major component were analyzed. In order to identify the basic structure of major component, gas-liquid chromatography for separation of some completely methylated alditols as their acetates on a 3% - ECNSS-M on Gas Chrom Q. column was used. Proportion of extractives of Japanese larch wood was higher than that of other conifers and major component of the soluble extractives was arabinogalactan, a schematic structural formula which was presented in Figure 2. The molar ratio of arabinose and galactose was 1:4.5. The main chain of arabinogalactan was composed of 1,3 linked ${\beta}$-D-galactopyranose residues, each of which carried a side chain, attached to the C-6 positions. The exact nature of all of the side chains is not known, but the majority of these side chain was composed of 1, 6 linked ${\beta}$-D-galactopyranose residues, with 2~3 such units present per average chain. Some of the galactose units in the main chain had a residue of 3 - 0 - ${\beta}$-L-arabinopyranosyl-L-arabinofuranose. In addition, a few terminal residues of D-glucuronic acid also was confirmed, attached to C-6 position of the D-galactopyranose residue. It could concluded that the main structure of highly branched arabinogalactan from Japanese larch extractive was essentially the same as those of the other larch species.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제24권8호
• /
• pp.407-412
• /
• 2014

Currently, diopside ($MgCaSi_2O_6$) crystal glaze is used frequently for pottery works or in earthen wares, though the process is not straightforward. However, to create and control the positions and sizes of the crystals in desired amounts when making pottery is difficult. To solve this problem, a diopside crystal seed was created at a temperature of $1450^{\circ}C$. After planting this seed in the glaze, a glaze combination and firing process which allows a user to create crystals with the desired position and at the desired size were established. In addition, in order to investigate the creation process of the crystals, the growth patterns of the crystals were observed and examined using Raman spectrography and XRD and SEM analyses. As a result, the optimum synthesis condition of the diopside seed was created by mixing 1 mole of $CaCo_3$, 0.2 mole of $(MgCo_3)_4(MgCoH)_2{\cdot}5H_2O$ and 2 moles of $SiO_2$ and then applying a firing process to the mixture at $1,450^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes. The optimum glaze content of the seed was 70 % feldspar, 20 % limestone and 10 % $MgCo_3$. For the firing process, it was confirmed that the size of crystal is larger with a longer firing time at $1100^{\circ}C$ by completing a two-hour process at $1280^{\circ}C$. In addition, the diopside crystal has columnar structure and is less than $1{\mu}m$ in size.

• 한국환경생태학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.49-57
• /
• 1996

공동주택단지내 조경수목의 생장과 피음시간과의 관계를 파악하기 위하여 과천주공아파트 2단지 내의 조경수목 4종을 대상으로 현재의 규격과 식재위치를 조사하여 개체별 그림자시간을 분석하고 피음시간과 수목규격을 단순회귀분석하였다. 전체적으로 R$^{2}$값이 낮아 두 변수간의 상관성은 설명력이 약하다 하겠으며, 도출된 회귀방정식도 일반화 할 수는 없는 것으로 판단되었다. 즉, 본 연구대상지내에서 조경수목의 생장과 피음시간과의 상관관계가 낮아 대상지내 조겨수목의 생장에 있어서 피음시간은 타 환경여인보다 상대적 중요도가 낮은 것으로 추정되었다. 다만, 전반적으로 스츠로브잣나무는 부(-)의 상관관계를, 단풍나무와 백목련은 정(+)의 상관관계를 보여 음양수의 특성이 나타난 것으로 추정되었다. 또한, 수종별로 통계적으로 유의성이 있는 경우는, 단풍나무의 경우 근원직경 및 수관폭, 백목련의 경우 수관폭과 피음시간과의 관계로서 상관계수 0.4 미만의 낮은 상관성을 보였다.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제49권2호
• /
• pp.27-40
• /
• 2021

본 연구는 현재 우리나라에 생산·유통·식재되고 있는 조경수목의 근원직경 측정에 따른 실무자들의 분쟁실태와 합리적인 근원직경 측정위치 설정에 대하여 조사·분석하였다. 조경 실무자들 연령에 따른 '근원직경 측정기준 적정성'에 대한 의식 차이는 통계학적으로 분산분석(Analysis of Variance, ANOVA)을 한 결과, 유의수준 p<0.05에서 차이가 있었다. 조경실무자들의 연령에 따라 조경수목의 근원직경 측정에 대하여 적정성에 대한 차이가 있는 것은 나이가 적을수록 현장경험 차이 등 세대간 의식 차이로 생각되었다. 조경수목의 '근원직경 측정의 모호성'에서는 통계학적으로 분산분석(Analysis of Variance, ANOVA) 결과, 유의수준 p<0.05에서 차이가 있는 것은 직위별이었다. '조경수목 측정기준 개선'에서는 통계학적으로 유의수준 p<0.05에서 차이가 있는 것은 직장유형별이었다. 조경수목 측정기준개선에 대하여 직장유형별로 차이가 있는 것은 발주처와 시공사간 수직적 관계로 분쟁이 많기 때문으로 생각되었다. 조경수목 굴취 시 '표토층 제거방지'에서 통계학적으로 유의수준 p<0.00에서 차이가 있는 것은 연령별이었고, 유의수준 p<0.01에서 차이가 있는 것은 직종별이었으며, 유의수준 p<0.05에서 차이가 있는 것은 근무지역별이었다. 조경수목 굴취 시 '표토 제거와 이식 후 활착'에 대한 의식은 유의미한 차이는 없었다. 조경수목 '근원직경 측정기준 모호에 따른 분쟁 발생'은 직장별, 직종별, 직위별, 근무경력별 전체 평균이 3.85점으로 높았고, 공공기관보다는 조경업체가 더 높았으며, 직위가 높고 경력이 많을수록 분쟁 정도가 높았다. 조경수목 '근원직경 측정의 적정 높이에 대한 의식'은 지하부(33.0%)보다는 지상부(66.5%)의 직경측정을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 이식을 위한 조경수목 굴취 시 표토 제거는 지하 평균깊이 -2cm~-4cm가 84.0% 정도로 많았으며, 표토 제거 목적은 '규격과 단가를 높이기 위하여'가 전체의 59.7%로 나타났다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.189-195
• /
• 2020

겨울철 재배 시 중·소과종 수박의 안정적 생산을 위한 적정 줄기유인 수와 착과 위치를 구명하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 줄기유인 수를 위한 시험은 아들줄기를 각각 2, 3, 4줄기로 달리하여 유인하였다. 줄기유인 수에 따른 초장, 경경, 마디수 등 생육특성은 3, 4줄기보다 2줄기에서 높은 결과를 보였다. 그러나 과중, 과고, 과폭 등 과실특성은 4줄기에서 높게 나타났다. 당도와 착과율은 줄기유인 수에 따라 유의한 차이가 없었다. 착과 위치를 위한 시험의 착과 위치는 2, 3, 4번째 암꽃으로 달리하였다. 착과 위치에 따른 암꽃의 평균 착과마디는 각각 11.5, 15.8, 23.1마디였다. 착과 위치가 높아질수록 과중이 증가하여 2번째 암꽃에 비해 4번째 암꽃이 0.8kg 무거웠다. 그러나 당도는 착과 위치가 증가할수록 감소하여, 2번째 암꽃이 4번째 암꽃에 비해 1.3°Bx 높았다. 생육과 과실 특성을 종합적으로 고려하였을 때, 겨울철 중·소과종 수박의 줄기유인 수는 3줄기, 착과 위치는 3번째 암꽃이 고품질의 수박의 생산을 위해 적합할 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 추후에 재식거리, 중·소과종 품종의 다착과 등 수박 재배 농가의 소득 안정을 위한 다양한 연구가 필요하다고 생각된다.