• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.13-16
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• 2005

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the intensive functional electrical stimulation(FES) on the improvement of the gait pattern of the chronic hemiplegic patients. Method: Six hemiplegic patients, who could walk independently but have equinovarus deformity during the gait cycle, participated in this study. The affected peroneus longus and tibialis anterior muscles of all subjects were stimulated for 2 weeks period (20 minutes duration, 6 times/day). We measured the activities (mean voltage) of those muscles during the walking, using dynamic EMG. Results: After treatment, there were significant improvements in the strength of peroneus longus and tibialis anterior muscles and the gait speed, but there was no interval change of the spasticity of plantar flexor. The mean voltages of two muscles are significantly increased in all the patients (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that the intensive FES on affected peroneus longus and tibialis anterior muscles in chronic hemiplegic patients could be useful for the improvement of functional gait.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.60-73
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• 2002

Spasticity is the most troublesome problems in the management in cerebral palsy. The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of FES to spasticity. 8 cerebral palsy children were selected for this study. Assessment was carried out before treatment for obtain baseline measurement of spasticity and reassessment were carried out at after 10th., 20th. treatment sessions and 24hours after treatment. The results of this study were as following that MAS scores were significantly reduced after 10th and 20th after treatment compared with pre-treatment. MAS scores were significantly reduced after 20th compared with pre-treatment. These results indicated that FES appears to reduce significantly MAS scores and maintained 24hours after treatment compared with pre-treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.51-64
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• 2002

Spasticity is the most troublesome problems in the management in cerebral palsy. The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of the FES and FIR to spasticity.8 cerebral palsy children were selected for this study. Assessment was carried out before treatment for obtain baseline measurement of spasticity and reassessment were carried out at after 10, 20 treatment sessions and 24hours after treatment. The results of this study were as fellowing : 1. MAS scores were significantly reduced after 10th and 20th after treatment compared with pre-treatment. 2. MAS scores were significantly reduced after 20th and maintained 24hours after treatment compared with pre-treatment These results indicated that FES and Far infrared appears to reduce significantly MAS scores and maintained 24hours after treatment compared with pre-treatment.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.1468-1474
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• 2018

The purpose of the study was to investigate the immediate effects of negative pressure soft tissue therapy on muscle tone, muscle stiffness and balance in patients with stroke. In total, 20 patients with stroke and assigned to the negative pressure soft tissue therapy group (NPST, n=10) or, placebo-negative pressure soft tissue therapy group(Placebo-NPST, n=10). Both groups underwent NPST or placebo-NPST once a day during the experimental period. MyotonPRO was used to assess the parameters for muscle tone and stiffness. Biorescue was used to assess the parameters for balance. Each group showed improvements in muscle tone, muscle stiffness, and balance ability (p<.05). Especially, Muscle tone, muscle stiffness, and anterior length in the limit of stability were the significant improvement on NPST group (p<.05). The results of the study suggest that the NPST is effective in improving muscle tone, muscle stiffness, and balance ability in patients with stroke.

• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate spatial and temporal features of motor control in an individual with hemiparesis during the curvilinear gait (CG) and proposed an exercise guideline. Research design, data and methodology: An individual aged 63 with hemiparesis by stroke disease was participated in the study. Autoencoder (AE) was used to extract four motor modules from eight muscle activities of the paretic leg during CG. After extraction, each module of four modules was operationally defined by numbering from M1 to M4 according to spatial and temporal features and compared with results reported in a previous study. Results: As a result, an individual with hemiparesis had motor module problems related to difficulty of weight acceptance (module 1), compensation for the weakness of ankle plantar flexor (module 2), a spastic synergistic pattern (module 3) and difficulty with transition from the swing to stance phase (module 4) in terms of spatial features. Also, a delayed activation timing of temporal motor module (module 2) related to the forward propulsion during CG was observed. Conclusions: Gait rehabilitation for the stroke will need to consider clinical significances in respect of the deterioration of motor module and provide the tailored approaches for each gait phase.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was carried out to observe the foot gworeum meridian muscle from a viewpoint of human anatomy on the assumption that the meridian muscle system is basically matched to the meridian vessel system as a part of the meridian system, and further to support the accurate application of acupuncture in clinical practice. Methods: Meridian points corresponding to the foot gworeum meridian muscle at the body surface were labeled with latex, being based on Korean standard acupuncture point locations. In order to expose components related to the foot gworeum meridian muscle, the cadaver was then dissected, being respectively divided into superficial, middle, and deep layers while entering more deeply. Results: Anatomical components related to the foot gworeum meridian muscle in human are composed of muscles, fascia, ligament, nerves, etc. The anatomical components of the foot gworeum meridian muscle in cadaver are as follows: 1. Muscle: Dorsal pedis fascia, crural fascia, flexor digitorum (digit.) longus muscle (m.), soleus m., sartorius m., adductor longus m., and external abdominal oblique m. aponeurosis at the superficial layer, dorsal interosseous m. tendon (tend.), extensor (ext.) hallucis brevis m. tend., ext. hallucis longus m. tend., tibialis anterior m. tend., flexor digit. longus m., and internal abdominal oblique m. at the middle layer, and finally posterior tibialis m., gracilis m. tend., semitendinosus m. tend., semimembranosus m. tend., gastrocnemius m., adductor magnus m. tend., vastus medialis m., adductor brevis m., and intercostal m. at the deep layer. 2. Nerve: Dorsal digital branch (br.) of the deep peroneal nerve (n.), dorsal br. of the proper plantar digital n., medial br. of the deep peroneal n., saphenous n., infrapatellar br. of the saphenous n., cutaneous (cut.) br. of the obturator n., femoral br. of the genitofemoral n., anterior (ant.) cut. br. of the femoral n., ant. cut. br. of the iliohypogastric n., lateral cut. br. of the intercostal n. (T11), and lateral cut. br. of the intercostal n. (T6) at the superficial layer, saphenous n., ant. division of the obturator n., post. division of the obturator n., obturator n., ant. cut. br. of the intercostal n. (T11), and ant. cut. br. of the intercostal n. (T6) at the middle layer, and finally tibialis n. and articular br. of tibial n. at the deep layer. Conclusion: The meridian muscle system seemed to be closely matched to the meridian vessel system as a part of the meridian system. This study shows comparative differences from established studies on anatomical components related to the foot gworeum meridian muscle, and also from the methodical aspect of the analytic process. In addition, the human foot gworeum meridian muscle is composed of the proper muscles, and also may include the relevant nerves, but it is as questionable as ever, and we can guess that there are somewhat conceptual differences between terms (that is, nerves which control muscles in the foot gworeum meridian muscle and those which pass nearby) in human anatomy.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.59-71
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to study for the change of neural adaptation by muscle contraction force when neuromuscular electrical stimulation(NMES) was applied. Sixteen subjects(8 male, 8 female) without neuromuscular disease volunteered to participate in the study. All subjects were divided into two subgroups: control(no electrical stimulation) group, NMES(50% maximal voluntary isometric contraction) group. NMES training program was performed in the calf muscle over three times a week for 12 weeks. Before and after experiment MVIC of ankle plantar flexor was measured by use of dynamometer. H-reflex and V-wave in tibial nerve were measured. The following results were obtained; MVIC and V/Mmax ratio were significantly increased in the electrical stimulation groups. However, H/Mmax ratio was not changed. It was closely relationship between MVIC and V/Mmax ratio. In this study, the effect of neural adaptation of central neural adaptation was found in this study. Accordingly, NMES means not only a change of muscle fiber and skeletal muscle volume but also a effect of neural adaptation of central neural drive. Also, it was found that there was closely relationship between MVIC and neural adaptation of central neural drive by NMES.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.37-45
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• 2006

Purpose: This study analyzed changes in spinal neuron and action potential of motor unit depending on voluntary contraction on spinal neuron adaptation. Methods: It selected 80 university students in their twenties and divided into experimental groups of 25% MVIC (I), 50% MVIC (II), 75% MVIC (III) and 100% MVIC (IV) depending on maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and performed isometric exercise of plantar flexor muscle to each experimental group with given contraction for 20 times. It measured Mmax, H/Mmax, Hmax latency, V/Mmax, V wave latency before and after exercise, compared method and volume of contraction. Results: H/Mmax ratio showed significant difference in comparison among groups (p<0.01) and there was difference in I and IV groups. V/Mmax ratio showed significant difference in comparison among experimental groups (p<0.05) and there was difference in I and IV groups. When voluntary contraction level was maximum, changes were greatest. However, no significantly difference was to Mmax, H latency and V wave latency. Conclusion: These results suggest that amplitude changes of voluntary contraction level, spinal neuron and supra-spinal neuron had a dose connection that the more contraction level, the better central activation seem to decrease highly for a short time.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.647-656
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of vibratory stimulus as somatosensory inputs on the postural control in human standing. To study these effects, the center of pressure(COP) was observed while subjects were standing on a stable and an unstable support with co-stimulated mechanical vibrations to flexor ankle muscles(tibialis anterior tendon, achilles tendon) and two plantar zones on both foot. The COP sway measurement was repeated twice in four conditions: (1) with visual cue and vibration, (2) without visual cue and vibration, (3) with visual cue and without vibration, (4) without visual cue and with vibration. The calculated parameters were the COP sway area and the distance, the median frequency and the spectral energy of COP sway in three intervals $0.1{\sim}0.3,\;0.3{\sim}1,\;1{\sim}3Hz$. The results showed that vibratory stimulus affect postural stability. The reduction rate of the COP sway with vibratory stimulus were higher on the unstable support because the effect of postural stability increases when afferent nervous flow is more activated by vibration on unstable support. If unclear visual or vibratory information is received, one type of information is compared with the other type of sensory information. Then the input balance between visual and vibratory information is corrected to maintain postural stability. These findings are important for the rehabilitation system of postural balance control and the use of vibratory information.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.27-38
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• 2006

This study analyzed changes in action potential of supraspinal neuron and motor unit depending on maximum tolerance isometric contraction(MTIC) by electrical stimulation and examined influence of functional electrical stimulation (FES) on spinal neuron adaptation. It selected 40 university students in their twenties and divided into experimental groups of 25% MTIC(I), 50% MTIC I (II), 75% MTIC(III) and 100% MTIC(IV) depending on MTIC by electrical stimulation, and performed isometric contraction of plantar flexor muscle to each experimental group with given contraction for 20 times. It measured V/Mmax and MDF pre and post exercise, compared volume of contraction. 1. V/Mmax ratio showed no significant difference in comparison among experimental groups. 2. There was significant difference in median frequency of gastrocnemius and soleus in action potential motor unit according to comparison among experimental groups(p<.001). When contraction by electrical stimulation was maximum, change was greatest. This results suggest that muscle contraction by electrical stimulation was influence to action potential of spinal motor neuron system which appear optimal level though aspect and difference degree were not in accordance. Consequently, optimal stimulation level of MTIC(50%) by FES would be lead to central nerve adaptation. muscle contraction by electrical stimulation was influence highly to MDF which should be consider to fatigue of motor unit for muscle contraction by electrical stimulation.