Almond의 종간접목(種間接木)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (Studies on the Interspecific Grafting of Almond)
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- 한국산림과학회지
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- 제41권1호
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- pp.7-18
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- 1979
본(本) 연구(硏究)는 유지자원(油脂資源)과 고급식물성(高級植物性) 및 단백질식품자원(蛋白質食品資源)으로서 중요시(重要視)되고 있고 특히 ice cream, candy roast, chocolate, 제과(製菓)및 화장품안료(花粧品顔料), 조미료등(調味料等)에 널리 쓰이고 있는 Almond의 산지개발(山地開發)로 식품자원(食品資源)을 충족(充足)하고자 우선 이들 clone 육성(育成)을 위(爲)한 접목친화력(接木親和力)이 강한 태목(台木)과 실용적(實用的)인 접목기술(接木技術)을 개발보급(開發普及)하고자 온실내(溫室內)에 온도(溫度)와 습도(濕度)를 완전자동조절(完全自動調節)할 수 있는 온실(溫室)을 만들어서 절접방법(切接方法)을 택(擇)한다음 태목용수종(台木用樹種)은 Prunus persica와 Prunus mandshurica를 사용(使用)하고 접수(接穗)는 Hall's hardy Almond, Nonpareil, Kapareil 및 Thompson을 사용(使用)하여 종간접목(種間接木)을 실시(實施)해서 태목별(台木別) 및 품종별(品種別)로 접목활착율(接木活着率)을 비교분석(比較分析)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. Almond는 Prunus persica가 Prunus mandshurica에 비(比)하여 보다 접목친화력(接木親和力)이 강했다. 2. Hall's hardy Almond를 P. persica와 P. mandshurica태목(台木)에 종간접목(種間接木)을 실시(實施)한바 P. persica는 95.33%, P. mandshurica는 92.66%의 접목활착율(接木活着率)을 얻었고 이들 태목간(台木間)에는 유의성(有意性)이 없었다. 3. Sweet Almond 품종(品種)들은 Prunus persica 태목(台木)이 Prunus persica 태목(台木)에 접목(接木)하는 것보다 접목친화력(接木親和力)이 강하고 이들 2개수종(個樹種)을 접목(接木)할 경우 태목간(台木間)에는 유의성(有意性)이 없었다. 4. Prunus persica 태목(台木)에 접목(接木)된 종간접목묘(種間接木苗)는 Thompson 92.66%, Nonpareil 90.66%, Kapareil 89.33% 순위(順位)의 접목활착율(接木活着率)을 보였다. 5. Prunus mandshurica 태목(台木)에 접목(接木)한 것은 Thompson, 87.66%, Nonpareil 87.00% 그리고 Kapareil 85% 순위(順位)의 접목활착율(接木活着率)을 보였다. 6. 이들 2개수종(個樹種)의 태목(台木)과 3개품종(個品種)의 접수(接穗)와의 상호작용(相互作用)을 분산분석(分散分析)한 결과(結果)는 유의성(有意性)이 없었다. 7. Hall's hardy Almond를 접수(接穗)로하여 Prunus persica를 태목(台木)으로 한 종간접목묘(種間接木苗)의 생장량(生長量)은 평균묘고(平均苗高) 161cm, 근원경(根元莖) 12.3mm 그리고 근장(根長) 21.5cm의 우량묘(優良苗)를 얻을수 있었다. 8. Prunus mandshurica를 태목(台木)으로 한 종간접목묘(種間接木苗)는 Prunus persica보다 6~8일(日) 빨리 접수(接穗)의 동아(冬芽)로부터 개엽(開葉)이 빨르고 또한 본엽(本葉)의 색(色)이 보다 농녹색(濃綠色)을 띠었다. 9. 온수(溫水)보일러와 미스트스프레이에 의한 자동조절장치(自動調節裝置)는 매우 편리하고 접목활착(接木活着)에 미치는 환경요인조정(環境要因調整)에 큰 효과(効果)가 있었다. 10. Almond는 온실내(溫室內)에서 일년생태목(一年生台木)에 절접법(切接法)을 활용(活用)하면 매우 손쉽게 다량(多量)의 우수한 접목묘(接木苗)를 생산(生産)하는데 효과적(効果的)이었다.
우리나라 전작물(田作物)의 저위생산성의 원인(原因)과 그 대책(對策)을 토양학적(土壤學的)인 면(面)에서 추궁(追窮)함에 있어 우선(于先) 현재경작(現在耕作)이 많이 되여 있고 또 앞으로 개발(開發)의 가능성(可能性)을 가진 저구릉(低丘陵), 산록(山麓) 및 대지(臺地)의 적황색토(赤黃色土)에 대(對)하여 현재(現在)까지 밝혀진 조사(調査) 결과(結果)를 종합(綜合)하였으며 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 적황색토(赤黃色土)는 우리나라 남부(南部)를 비롯하여 중부이북(中部以北)의 저구릉(低丘陵), 산록(山麓) 및 대지(臺地)에 분포(分布)하고 있으며 화강암(花崗岩), 화강편마암(花崗片麻岩)을 비롯한 석회암(石灰岩), 혈암(頁岩) 그리고 홍적층(洪積層) 등(等)을 모재(母材)로 하고 있다. 2. 적황색토(赤黃色土)는 A, Bt, C층(層)으로 되여 있다. A층(層)은 유기물(有機物)이 엷게 덮여서 암색(暗色)을 띄우는 양질(壤質), 식양질(埴壤質)이며 Bt층(層)은 진갈색(眞褐色), 적갈색(赤褐色), 황적색(黃赤色)의 식질(埴質) 혹은 식양질(埴壤質)로서 토괴표면(土塊表面)에 점토피막(粘土皮膜)이 형성(形成)되여 있다. C층(層)은 모재(母材)에 따라 다양다색(多樣多色)하며 Bt층(層)에 비(比)하여 토성(土性)이 거칠고 토양구조(土壤構造)의 발달(發達)이 없다. 토양(土壤)의 깊이는 지형(地形) 모재(母材)에 따라 다르나 대부분(大部分)이 100cm 이내(內外)이다. 3. 적황색토(赤黃色土)의 물리적성질(物理的性質)에 있어 점토함량(粘土含量)은 표토(表土)에서 18~35% 심토(心土)에서 30~90%로서 심토(心土)의 점토함량(粘土含量)은 표토(表土)에 비(比)하여 약(約) 2배(倍) 내외(內外)가 된다. 가비중(假比重)은 표토(表土)에서 1.2~1.3심토(心土)에서 1.3~1.5 그리고 삼상(三相)의 분포(分布)는 표토(表土)에서 고상(固相) 45~50 액상(液相) 30~45, 기상(氣相) 5~25, 심토(心土)에서 고상(固相) 50~60, 액상(液相) 35~45, 기상(氣相) 15미만(未滿)으로 대부분(大部分)이 치밀(緻密)하다, 유효수분범위(有効水分範圍)는 비교적(比較的) 좁아서 표토(表土)에서 10~23%, 심토(心土)에서 5~16% 범위(範圍)이다. 4. 적황색토(赤黃色土)의 화학적성질(化學的性質)에 있어 토양반응(土壤反應)은 모재(母材)에 따라 달라서 석회암(石灰岩) 및 구하해혼성퇴적(舊河海混成堆積)을 모재(母材)로한 토양(土壤)에서는 중성(中性) 급지(及至) 염기성(鹽基性) 그밖의 토양(土壤)에서는 산성(酸性) 급지(及至) 강산성(强酸性)을 띠운다. 표상(表上)의 유기물함량(有機物含量)은 식생(植生), 침식(侵蝕), 경종(耕種) 등(等)에 따라서 차(差)가 크며 1.0~5.0% 범위(範圍)에 있다. 염기치환용량(鹽基置換容量)은 5~40me/100gr이며 이는 유기물(有機物), 점토(粘土), 미사함량(微砂含量) 등(等)과 밀접(密接)한 관계(關係)를 가지고 있다. 치환침출염기(置換浸出鹽基)는 용탈(溶脫)되여서 염기포화도(鹽基飽和度)가 대체(大體)로 낮지만 석회암(石灰岩)에 기인(基因)된 토양(土壤)에서는 석회(石灰), 마구네슘함량(含量)이 높아서 염기포화도(鹽基飽和度)도 높다. 5. 적황색토(赤黃色土)의 점토광물(粘土鑛物)은 대부분(大部分)이 Kaolin 광물중(鑛物中)의 하나인 Halloysite와 운모(雲母)의 풍화생성물(風化生成物)인 Vermiculite, Illite를 주광물(主鑛物)로 하고 있으며 소량(少量)의 Chlorite, Gibbisite, Hematite 혼층광물(混層鑛物)과 1차(次) 광물(鑛物)인 석영(石英) 및 장석(長石)이 존재(存在)한다. 6. 적황색토(赤黃色土)는 미국(美國)의 Red-yellow podzolic Soils 및 Reddish Brown Lateritic Soils의 일부(一部) 그리고 일본(日本)의 적황색토(赤黃色土)와 유사(類似)한 특성(特性)을 가진다. 미(美)7차(次) 시안(試案)에 의(依)하면 적황색토(赤黃色土)는 Udults 및 Udalfs 그리고 FAO 분류안(分類案)에 의(依)하면 Acrisols, Luvisols 그리고 Nitosols로 분류(分類)할 수 있다.
The intention of this study is to apprehend the con. tents and methods of herb remedies that are commonly conducted when there are health-problem cases of ENT, eyes, teeth and skin. Methods of this study are divided into two stages : 1) For a period of six months from December 1994 to June 1995, some 40 persons who are believed to be well versed with herb remedies have been randomly chosen, and we made a survey on herb remedies by symptoms: and 2) we have endeavored to make their grounds evident through the studies on literatures with the focus on the basic data collected. Their results are as follows: 1) When one feels a pain in ears, such herb remedies are employed as pouring the vapor into ears, which is made by steaming Alaska pollack, or as applying or wiping with the juices of radish or the ginkgo, or' alum. Applying the radish juice is effective for sterilization and fever removal: and applying the ginkgo juice is effective for cleanliness. But, plastering alum, sesame oil or castor oil, or pouring the vapor of Alaska pollack into ears are perhaps effective but do not have any pharmacologic grounds. 2) When one bleeds at the nose, such kinds of herb remedies are applied as stimulating nose or head with cold water, pressing nose or ridge of nose, or filling up nares with mashed mugworts. In addition, they have utilized garlic or leeks. Such methods as stimulating with cold water or just pressing nose and ridge of nose is based on reasonable grounds, i.e. vasoconstriction and vascular compression ; and applying mashed garlic on the sole of foot is good for the circulation of Qui ; and the use of mugworts and leeks is based upon the pharmacological function of hemostasis. 3) When one feels a sore throat such kinds of herb remedies are employed as gargling or rinsing throat with brine, drinking hot gruel or water, or drinking the juice of mugwort, radish, ginger or Chinese quince. Gargling with brine or drinking the juice of mugwort, radish or ginger is based upon the pharmacological function of pain alleviation, fever removal, and detoxication. 4) When a boil is formed in mouth, such herb remedies are applied as spreading honey, brine or alum water, and taking gall nut, Chinese matrimony vine, lotus root, etc, for drugs. Spreading honey, brine or water that is made by infusing gallnut, Chinese matrimony vine, lotus root is based upon such functions as hematosis, astriction, antibacterial, and antiphlogistic, Alum, eggplant and licorice are said to be effective, but their pharmacological effects have no grounds. 5) When one has conjunctivitis such herb remedies are commonly applied as irrigation with brine and dropping breast milk in eyes. Moreover, such other drugs are used as plantain. shepherd's purse, and purslane, etc. The use of brine, breast milk, plantain, shepherd's purse and purslane is based upon such functions as sterilization, antiphlogistic, disinfection and pain relieving. Eriocaulon sieboldianum, bean stem, bean pod and narcissus leaves are said to be effective, but their pharmacological action have no basis. When one has a stye, such herb remedies are applied as extracting eyelashes, stimulating by a massage of middle finger, third finger or big toe, as well as sear ing with a heated bamboo comb that is fine-toothed. Other than these, plantain and nightshade's nuts are used as drugs for it. Extracting eyelashes corresponds with exclusing suppurative node and draining the stye of pus ; and the use of plantain is based upon disinfection: and nightshade's nuts are said to be effective, however, their pharmacological action has no grounds. 6) For a treatment of toothache, such herb remedies are commonly employed as rinsing mouth with brine and holding cold water or gasoline in the mouth ; and as the drugs that are believed to be effective have been Welsh onion, ginger and castor-oil, plant, etc. The use of Welsh onion is based upon pain killing, antiinflammatory actions, and the use of ginger is based upon detoxication and disinfection ; and seeds of castor-oil plants are said to be effective, but they have no pharmacological basis. 7) When one has hives, such herb remedies are commonly applied as rubbing burned straw in affected parts, exposing to its smoke, rubbing with salt, sweeping down with a broom, and spreading and drinking boiled water of trifoliate orange. The use of cassia tora seeds, walnut, aloe and radish is said to be effective. The use of cassia tor a seeds has the functions of intestinal order, anti-paralysis, etc. The use of walnut has resulted in an increase of blood by invigorating spirits ; and the use of aloe is based upon disinfection, antibiotic, anti-salt, antihistamine and detoxication action. But, the effects of radish juice and straw's smoke have no pharmacological grounds. 8) When one gets a boil, such herb remedies are commonly used as applying a plaster, paste of flour mixed with yolk, soy sauce or honey, as well as spreading pounded elm tree. Other remedies that have been said to be effective are ; heating with mugwort, brine, wild rocambole, aloe, onion, squid's bone, etc. The use of mugwort is based upon pain killing, astringent antiinflammatory and tranquility. Wild rocambole is based upon the generation and maintenance functions of cell-joining textures ; elm tree upon antiphlogistic ; aloe upon fever removal and antiphlogistic ; onion on pain killing, fever removal, antiphlogistic and tranquility ; squid's bone on astriction: and brine or vinegar on sterilization. Pine resin and gardenia seed are said to be effective, but they have no pharmacological basis. 9) When one cuts his skin, such herb remedies are commonly employed as spreading mugwort's juice or squid's bone powder, or pressing the wounds. In addition, kalopanax, onion and fine soil are employed. The use of mugwort, kalopanax and squid's bone is based upon such functions as hemostasis, sedation, pain killing, antibacterial ; and fine soil is said to be effective, but it has no pharmacological basis. 10) When one suffers from whitlow, such herb remedies are commonly utilized as heating with boiled soy sauce, spreading soybean paste, or dipping into eggs, etc. Other drugs that have been employed are onion root, brine, eggplant, potato, loach, etc. The use of onion is based upon pain killing and antiphlogistic functions ; and that of brine upon antiphlogistic function. The use of soy sauce or soybean paste, fomentation, eggplant, potato and loach is said to be effective, but it has no pharmacblogic ground. 11) For the treatment of frostbite, such herb remedies are commonly used as dipping the affected part into frozen soybean sack, using boiled water of eggplant stem, garlic caulis, onion, hot pepper, caulis. Onion is based upon antiphlogistic and tranquility actions garlic upon disintection, metabolic exacerbation, tonic and aphrodisiac actions and the use of eggplant and hot pepper is based upon help blood circulation, dissolution and excretion of waste matters in vein. 12) For the treatment of burn, such herb remedies or drugs are commonly used as cleansing with Korean gin, spreading eggs, cleansing with cold water and soap water ; and as brine, cactus, moss, soybean paste, oil, etc. The cleansing with Korean gin, cold water, soap water, brine, vinegar is based upon cleaning and sterilizing functions ; and the use of cucumber is based upon nu. trition provision, and strengthening of resisting power by adjustment of metabolism. The use of potato, cactus, moss, oil and eggs is said to be effective, but their phamacological functions are not clarified. In view of the above results, we can realize that the drugs that have been employed in herb remedies are quite diverse. However, in regard to majority of herb remedies that have been employed by symptoms, the pharmacological functions of their drugs have not been clarified, and they are merely known as effective. Furthermore, they have not been recorded in the literature as yet ; and we confirm that there have been many herb remedies that were executed without the proper knowlege of their effects. It is now our view that the results of this survey may be utilized for consulting data in regard to the use of herb remedies.