• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.256-260
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate effects of stock plant management and foliar spray of GA on the flower quality in hydroponically grown chrysanthemum 'Shinma'. In the growth and development as affected by stock plant management, cut flower length, petal number and cut flower weight were the best in the plot of long day and chilling treatment showed 114 cm, 298 and 102 g, respectively. Chlorophyll content(SPAD-value) was the highest in the plot of foliar spray of diluted Molbia(1 : 500). Flower quality according to concentration and spray time of gibberellin showed a different pattern. Cut flower length was the longest in the plot of solution diluted to 1 : 1,000 spraying before flowering at 60 days, petal number was the most in 1 : 500 at 60 days, and cut flower weight was the heaviest in 1 : 2,000 at 60 days, respectively. However, peduncle length was tended to be elongated with foliar spray of gibberellin solution diluted to 1 : 500 or 1 : 1,000 before flowering at 45 days.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.13 no.6 s.59
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• pp.999-1010
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were to investigate used patterns in Hanbok and to find out a classification and a characteristic of motifs. The data made use of 111 pictures constituted Gegory(a Korean jacket) and Chima(a skirt) in photographs collected in wedding magazine(Wedding 21'). The data was analyzed by frequency, contents analysis. Pattern's use or not in Hanbok and a sort, a arrangement, a way of expression of patterns using frequency Classified and characteristics of motifs were analyzed contents analysis. The results of this study were as follows. First, a sort of patterns was lots of flower motifs of the plant pattern. An arrangement of and expression of patterns used mainly a partial arrangement and embroidery expression. Second, the subjects classified using criterion of classification of a external feature, forms of expression, and simplicity/complexity of line. Third, the motifs classified into plants, an animal, geometry, abstraction, and a natural object. The plant motifs were perceived the focus of flower, a combination of a flower and a stem in the plant motifs. The subjects perceived as a simplicity/complexity of flower and a drawing line of a flower and a stem.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2005

To clone blue and white flower color specific genes, mRNA differential display was carried out with two different Commelina species, C. communis Linne for blue color and C. coreana Leveille for. leucantha Nakai for white color. Fifty two and 100 cDNA clones specific for blue or white flower color, respectively, were ranging from 200 to 700 bp in size. From the reverse northern blot analysis, 12 and 7 positive clones were selected for blue and white flower, respectively. These clones appear to be novel cDNAs for these Commelina plants, but not color specific. This finding was supported by the northern blot analysis. However, two clones, B18 and B19, derived from blue flowered Commelina were highly expressed than in the white Commelina species, implying that further study will be valuable. The results indicated that both mRNA display experiment and dot blot analysis may not sensitive enough to clone color-determining gene from the plant, leading to explore more advanced method, like high-density colony array study (HDCA).

• Plant Resources
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.223-225
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• 2000

A new forma, Cremastra appendiculta Makino f. albiflora B. Kil, f. nov. is described from Naejangsan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea. It is easily distinguished from C. appendiculata by having light white-green flower of outer perianth segment and white color of inner perianth segment of the flower.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.377-382
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• 2005

Infection rate of Chrysanthemum stunt viroid (CSVd) in 64 commercial chrysanthemum cultivars cultivated in Korea ranged from 9.7 to 66.8$\%$. Symptoms on leaves of CSVd-infected chrysanthemum included yellow spots, chlorosis, vein clearing, vein bending and crumpling. CSVd induced flower malformation in 'Scot', color change in 'Sharotte', and color breaking in 'Sharon'. CSVd caused reduction of plant height, leaf size, flower size and the flowers number by $32-50\%,\;26-35\%$, $14-36\%\;and\;14-75\%$, respectively. In conclusion, CSVd affected plant height, leaf size and flower quality in chrysanthemum plants.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.50
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• pp.232-238
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• 2023

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a pivotal role in epigenetic regulation, affecting the structure of chromatin and gene expression across different stages of plant development and in response to environmental stresses. Although the role of HDACs in Arabidopsis and rice has been focused on in extensive research, the role of the HDAC gene family in various medicinal plants remains unclear. In the genome of the balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorus), we identified 10 putative P. grandiflorus HDAC (PlgHDAC) proteins, which were classified into the three families (RPD3/HDA1, SIR2, and HD2 HDAC families) based on their domain compositions. These HDACs were predicted to be localized in various cellular compartments, indicating that they have diverse functions. In addition, the tissue-specific expression profiles of PlgHDACs differed across different plant tissues, indicating that they are involved in various developmental processes. Furthermore, the expression levels of all PlgHDACs were upregulated in leaves after waterlogging treatment, implying their potential role in coping with waterlogging-induced stress. Overall, our findings provide a comprehensive foundation for further research into the epigenetic regulation of PlgHDACs, and particularly, on their functions in response to environmental stresses such as waterlogging. Understanding the roles of these HDACs in the development and stress responses of balloon flower could have significant implications for improving crop yield and the quality of this important medicinal plant.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.315-319
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• 1996

The yields of methanol extracts of several Chrysanthemum spp.(5 species, 9 parts) and their solvent fractions were investigated. The yields of methanol extracts ranged from 16.9%(for flower of C. indium, Cultivated) to 31.5%(for whole plant of C. indium). In the tests of the antibacterial activity. the methanol extracts from flower of C. zawadskii and C. boreale, whole plant of C. zawadskii, and flower of C. coronarium showed excellent antibacterial activity. Generally, the chloroform fractions exhibited stronger antibacterial activity against all the bacteria tested when compared with other solvent fractions. In case of C. boreale, the chloroform fraction of the whole plant was shown stronger antibacterial activity against all four bacterial strains tested when compared with that of the flower. The chloroform fractions from flower and whole plant of C. boreale and C .zawadskii, and flower of C. coronarium were shown a similar TLC pattern.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.99-109
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• 1985

The present studies were carried out to obtain some basic informations of the breeding of tobacco varieties. Genetically divergent 8 varieties, 3 flue-cured, 2 burley and 3 sun-cured tobaccos, were used in half diallel cross. In order to analyze the heterosis, combining abilities, modes of inheritance and correlations for some agronomic and chemical characters, 8 parents and 28 $F_1$ were tested. The results obtained were summarized as follows: The percentages of heterosis for stem diameter, internode length and total sugar content in $F_1$ hybrid were 3.6%, 3.1% and 10.6%, whereas these for days to flower, total alkaloids and leaves per plant were -6.3%, -6.9% and -5.0%, respectively. Yield had significant positive genotypic correlations with plant height, days to flower and leaf length, but negative with internode length and total sugar content. It also had significant prositive phenotypic correlations with plant height, days to flower, leaves per plant, leaf length, leaf width and leaf shape index (Leaf length/leaf width). General (GCA) and specific combining abilities (SCA) for all characters of $F_1$ hybrid were significant. The effects of GCA were positive on yield, plant height, stem diameter, leaves per plant and days to flower of Burley 21. And those were positive on yield, leaf shape index and plant height, but negative on leaves per plant and total nitrogen of Hicks. The effects of SCA for yield and leaves per plant were greater than those of others on the combinations of Coker 139 and Burley type, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.86-89
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• 2018

A new Gentiana spp. cultivar 'Skyhope' was bred by crossing between 'Jinbu-4 line' with violet blue (VB 95B) colored petals and 'Jinbu-1 line' with violet blue (VB 93B) petals in 2000 year. The superior line of '0013-9' was selected in Daegwallyeong from 2001 to 2003 year, and growth and flower characterization were conducted from 2004 to 2007 year in field of Daegwallyeong and Jinbu of Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do, Namwon, Jeollabuk-do and Jeju Special Self-Governing-do. The flower showed violet blue (VB 96A) color at opening, the petal of flower have not spot and flower stem color was purple. Flowers was opening at the same time from bottom to upside. Plant height was 68.1 cm, and number of flower stems per plant was 5.3 ea., number of flower node per stem is 5.9 ea., and Number of flowers per stem was 32.2 ea.. The flowering of 'Skyhope' cultivar was bloomed from the middle of July in Daegwallyeong and the later of July in Jinbu, Pyeongchang, Kangwon-do and the early of July in Namwon, Jeollabuk-do and the later of July in Jeju Special Self-Governing-do. 'Skyhope' cultivar can be used for cut flower.

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1987.07a
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• pp.213-237
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• 1987

In vitro flowering system may minimize the confounded influence of non-floral meristem parts of plants in studying the relationship of a given treatment and flowering responses. We have induced flower buds from plantlets regenerated from zygotic embryo-derived somatic embryos of ginseng, which circumvented the normal 2-year juvenile period before flowering. The result suggests that the adulthood of ginseng root explants in the experiment previously conducted by Chang and Hsing (1980; Nature 284: 341-342) is not prerequired to flowering of plantlets regenerated through somatic embryogenesis. We have also induced flower buds from elongated axillary brandches from cotyledonary nodes by culturing ginseng zygotic embryos, seedlings, and excised cotyledonary nodes. It was found that 6-benzyladenine (BA) supplemented to the medium was essential for flowering, whereas abscisic acid (ABA) was inhibitory. Gibberellic acid(GA3) was also required for flowering when ABA was present with BA in the medium. The results suggest that cytokinins, gibberellins, and inhibitors play primary, permissive, and preventive roles, respective-ly, in the induction of flowering of ginseng. Tran Thanh Van (1980; Int. Rev. Cytol., Suppl. IIA: 175-194) has developed the "thin cell layer system" in which the induction of shoots, roots, or flower buds from epidermal layer explants were controlled by culture conditions and exogenous growth regulators in the medium, Utilizing the thin cell layer system, Meeks-Wagner et al. (1989; The Plant Cell 1: 25-35) have cloned genes specifically expressed during floral evocation. However, the system is too tedious for obtaining a sufficient amount of plant materials for biochmical and molecular biological studies of flowering. We have developed a garlic callus culture system and one obvious advantaging over the thin cell layer system is that an abundant cells committed to develope into flower buds proliferate. When the above cells were compared by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis with those which have just lost the competence for developing into flower buds, a few putative proteins specific to floral evocation were detected. The garlic callus culture system can be further explored for elucidation of the molecular biological mechanism of floral evocation and morphogenesis.hogenesis.