• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.363-368
• /
• 2009

To fulfill the increasing demand for a high quality of flower, we investigated the effects of nitrogen application on plant growth, yield and bioactive compounds of Chrysanthemum indicum L.. C. indicum L. was cultivated in a pot scale, and nitrogen applied with the level of 0 (N0), 50 (N50), 100 (N100), 150 (N150), 200 (N200) and $300\;(N300)\;kg\;ha^{-1}$ to suggest optimum rate of nitrogen fertilization. Phosphate and potassium applied the same amount of $80-80\;kg\;ha^{-1}$ ($P_2O_5-K_2O$) in all treatments. Growth characteristics and yields of C. indicum L. were significantly affected by nitrogen application. Maximum yield achieved in 265 and $295\;kg\;ha^{-1}$ N treatment on the whole plant and the flower parts, respectively. The nitrogen content and uptake of whole plant significantly increased by the increase of nitrogen application. Five major components of essential oil, $\alpha$-pinene, 1,8-cineol, chrysanthenone, germacrene-D, and $\alpha$-curcumene in flowerheads of C. indicum L. occupied approximately 40% of peak area, germacrene-D decreased by the increase of nitrogen application among them. However, cumambrin A contents in the flower parts of C. indicum L. were affected negatively by the increase of nitrogen application, but total yields of cumambrin A in flower part significantly increased. Conclusively, nitrogen fertilization could increase the yield of flowerheads. The optimum application level of nitrogen fertilizer might be on the range of $265-295\;kg\;ha^{-1}$ in a mountainous soil.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.50 no.4
• /
• pp.251-258
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to identify transition characteristics of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) and to calculate bio-concentration factors (BCF) in the three perennial root medicinal plants, namely Codonopsis lanceolata (Deoduck), Platycodon grandiflorum (Balloon flower) and Panax ginseng (Korean ginseng) grown in major medicinal plant producing districts in Korea. Average BCF values ranged from 0.009~0.029 in As, 0.334~1.453 in Cd, and 0.021~0.023 in Pb in three perennial root medicinal plants. The BCF values increased in the order of ginseng (0.029) > deodeok (0.012) > balloon flower (0.009) for As, balloon flower (1.453) > deodeok (0.685) > ginseng (0.334) for Cd, and ginseng (0.023) > deodeok (0.022) > balloon flower (0.021) for Pb. The BCF values calculated in this study will be useful for predicting the uptake of heavy metal (loid)s. Further study on uptake and accumulation mechanism of toxic metal (loid)s by agricultural products is required to assess the human health risk associated with soil contamination.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.541-549
• /
• 2010

The present study researched morphological characteristics and analyzed the genetic diversity by using RAPD in Calanthe species, native plant in Jeju, Korea. Twenty-six samples were selected by flower color, and 19 horticultural traits were investigated to study morphological characteristics. The C. discolor had the smallest leaf, the length and width of dorsal sepal, lateral sepal, petal, central lip, lateral lip, and flower stalk length were shortest and/or smallest except the spur and ovary length in Calanthe species, but those of Calanthe discolor for. sieboldii (Dence.) Ohwi (Calanthe discolor for. sieboldii) were the largest and/or biggest, and those of variants were the intermediate between C. discolor and C. discolor for. sieboldii, but spur length was the longest in C. discolor, the shortest in C. discolor for. sieboldii, and intermediate in the variants. Ovary length in C. discolor was shortest and C. discolor for. sieboldii and variants were similar with each other. The flower colors of C. discolor were brownish red, the value of CIE Lab was between 40 and 50. The flower color of C. discolor for. sieboldii was yellowish; the value of CIE Lab was between 110 and 130. And variants had various colors between 50 and 70 in the value of CIE Lab. After analyzing multiple band patterns of PCR products, 154 bands were selected as polymorphic RAPD markers. The analysis of Genetic distance of Calanthe species using RAPD showed that C. discolor and C. discolor for. sieboldii are more distant from each other than variants, and demonstrated the fact that genetic position of variants is between the other two species.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.45 no.1 s.142
• /
• pp.45-49
• /
• 2006

Fumigant toxicity of four plant essential oils (muguet flower, patchouli, pennyroyal, spearmint) were tested against the adults of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. Among them, pennyroyal and spearmint oils showed 100% mortality at $1{\mu}{\ell}/45m{\ell}$ air dose. Through the constituent analysis using GC and GC-MS, we confirmed that main constituents of pennyroyal oil were pulegone(100.0%), and spearmint oil were $\beta-myrcene(3.5%)$, limonene(12.1%), carvone(85.4%). Among them, carvone and pulegone showed 100% fumigation at $1{\mu}{\ell}/45m{\ell}$ air dose, respectively. It can concluded that two oils are potential control agents against F. occidentalis.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.142-146
• /
• 2010

'Arirang', an early-flowering pure white gladiolus with purple core, was released by the National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science (NIHHS) in 1998. The selection was derived from the cross between the progenies of the early flowering dark orange 'Arianne' and bright red domestic cultivars 'Hongkwang'. The breeding was conducted in 1993 and finally selected in 1998 after five (5) years (1994 to 1998) of experimentation. 'Arirang' is a cut flower with bright white color petals and purple core which exhibited early flowering and vigor without stem bending. These can be cultivated in areas or regions with strong winds during summer. 'Arirang' has a very firm growth form and sturdy branches which do not bend when planted in the open fields. Likewise, the plant had high tolerance to flooding and resistance hence could grow vigorously in open areas. It is a fast- growing plant which exhibits high corm production rate. 'Arirang' had a 10.5 cm wide flower and 140 cm plant height. During summer, the average number of days to flowering was recorded at 75 days of 'Arirang'. Top dressing must be conducted once or twice during corm production to enhance corm quality and quantity.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.289-293
• /
• 2009

This study was conducted to determine the inheritance and expression of transgene in descendants ($T_1\;to\;T_2$ generation) of SOD2-transgenic petunia by PCR and RT-PCR analysis. The trangene was segregated as Mendelian inheritance pattern (3:1 or 1:0) in most of $T_1\;and\;T_2$ generation lines. Transgenic homozygous lines were obtained in T2 generation. It was identified that the transgene expressed stably in examined all plants of 6 $T_2$ lines. The representative morphological traits (plant height, flower diameter, and flower color) of $T_2$ plants were compared with those of non-transgenic plants.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.337-341
• /
• 1995

Hairy roots of Korean ballon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC) were induced from the root tissues infected with Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC 15834. Growth and polyacetylene [lobetyol (1), lobetyolin (2) and lobetyolinin (3)] production fo ten hairy root clones cultured in 1/4 Gamborg B5 (B5) liquid medium were determined. One selected hairy root clone (D6) grew well in hormone free-B5 liquid medium and showed maximum content of polyacetylenes at week 6 for 1 (0.375% dry wt) and at week 7 for 2 and 3 (3.030% and 0.206% dry wt, respectively) whose levels were much higher than those of the intact plant root (1:0.019%, 2:0.077% dry wt, 3 was not detected).

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.54-57
• /
• 2004

These studies were carried out to develop native Calanthe in Korea. Calanthe native to southern islands in Korea has beautiful flowers with various color and sweet fragrance, and it has been reported to have very good ornamental value. According to the morphological characteristics of leaves and flower color, 57 horticultural lines of Calanthe collected in natural crossing group were investigated. And the selected orchid was given a name of horticultural cultivar to ‘Narai’. In its color of flower, sepal was deep purplish red, petal was yellow and lip was white. And also, ‘Narai’ had strong fragrance and shape of blooming was flat-blooming type.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.229-238
• /
• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate the objectification of coloring matter abstraction of the way to natural dye by cathamus flower. Watersoluble carthamin in the dyeing cathamus flower was removed for the fastness of dyeing and only insoluble carthamon was abstracted which came by solvent such as Sodium hydroxide(NaOH) Potassium hydroxide(KOH) Sodium carbonate(Na2CO3)and Potassi-um carbonate(K2CO3) Carthamon made abstract essence from a carthamus flower out of the pH6, pH7, pH9, pH11, solvent and by using a UV/VIS Spectra according to the change of pH. Silk dyes with solution abstract carthamon and it was treated by 5 kinds of mordant. The table of surface-colors was measured by the number of dyeing the color of silk dyed and by the kind of mordant which treated with and the dyeing was evaluated by measuring Color Fastness to Light and Washing.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.28-35
• /
• 2008

Several extracts of different parts and solvent fractions of Cornus kousa were obtained and their functional material contents, antioxidant activities and tyrosinase inhibition effects were determined. Content of total polyphenols and flavonoids contents in flower were 169.638 $mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ and 25.418 $mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$, respectively, which were much higher than those of other parts. Also, flower extracts showed the strongest effects on DPPH and ABTS radicals scavenging and ferrous ion chelating. In flower, leaf, and stem extracts, inhibition effects on peroxidation of linoleic acid determined by ferric thiocyanate(FTC) method were higher than a synthetic antioxidant, BHT. Tyrosinase inhibition activities were shown only in flower extract. Flower and leaf extracts, showing high biological activities in various system, were successively reextracted with n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and n-butanol. Total polyphenol contents of water fractions were higher than any other solvent fractions in both flower and leaf, 67.006 $mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ and 67.739 $mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$, respectively. But total flavonoid contents were higher in ethyl acetate fraction for flower extract and butanol fraction for leaf extract. Among the solvent fractions, the highest efficiency of free radical scavenging activities was obtained in ethyl acetate fraction for flower extract and n-butanol fraction for leaf extract. Tyrosinase inhibition activities were higher in water fraction for both flower and leaf extracts, 49.24% and 31.8%, respectively.