• BMB Reports
• /
• v.50 no.3
• /
• pp.111-116
• /
• 2017

Natural product drugs, or botanical drugs, are drugs composed of natural substances which have constituents with healthenhancing or medicinal activities. In Korea, government-led projects brought attention to botanical drugs invigorating domestic botanical drug industry. Foreign markets, as well, are growing bigger as the significance of botanical drugs stood out. To follow along with the tendency, Korea puts a lot of effort on developing botanical drugs suitable for global market. However, standards for approving drug sales vary by countries. And also, thorough standardization, certification, clinical studies and data of these will be required as well as data confirming safety and effectiveness. Meanwhile, as an international exchange in botanical drug market continues, the importance of plant resources was emphasized. Thus countries' ownership of domestic natural resources became vital. Not only establishing a systematic method to secure domestic plant resources, but also cooperation with other countries on sharing natural resources is essential to procure natural resources effectively. Korea started to show visible results with botanical drugs, and asthma/COPD treatment made out of speedwell is one example. Sufficient investment and government's active support for basic infrastructure for global botanical drugs will bring Korea to much higher level of botanical drug development.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.207-210
• /
• 2008

In March of 2003, tumors (galls) were observed on ginseng seedling roots in ginseng seedbeds at Yeoju, Gyeonggi province, Korea. Symptoms were spherical or galls with about 0.5-1.0cm in diameter formed on the upper through middle parts of the primary roots. Bacterial isolates obtained from the root galls were Gram-negative, rod-shaped with peritrichous flagella, aerobic, not forming yellow or orange colonies on nutrient glucose agar, yeast extract-dextrose $CaCO_3$ agar and nutrient-broth yeast extract agar, non-fluorescent on King's B agar, and non-spore forming, which were identical to characteristics of the genus Agrobacterium. They were identified as Agrobacterium tumefaciens with 0.732-0.993 similarities in 100% probability by the Biolog analyses. The 16S rRNA gene partial sequences of the six isolates tested (Genbank Accession EF486308-EF486313) were 100% homologous to those of other A. tumefaciens strains (GenBank accession AF501343, AY701900, AY701898, AY701899). The above results confirmed that this bacterium is A. tumefaciens. Pathogenicity of the bacteria was proved by the inoculation test on carrot root discs and tomato seedlings. This is the first description of A. tumefaciens causing root gall in ginseng seedling. The disease occurred locally and sparsely, but considering its appearances in seedbeds suggests that the ginseng root gall may become a threat to ginseng in Korea.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.50 no.2
• /
• pp.110-120
• /
• 2022

The goal of the present study was to investigate the antibacterial properties, enzyme production, and metabolic profiling of a new Ceratorhiza hydrophila strain isolated from the submerged aquatic plant Myriophyllum spicatum. Furthermore, the fungus' morphological characterization and DNA sequencing have been described. The fungus has been identified and submitted to the GenBank as Ceratorhiza hydrophila isolate EG19 and the fungus ID is MK387081. The enzyme analyses showed its ability to produce protease and cellulase enzymes. According to the CSLI standard, the ethyl acetate extract of C. hydrophila showed intermediate antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumonia, Micrococcus luteus, and Staphylococcus aureus. Metabolic profiling has been carried out using 700 MHz NMR spectroscopy. Based on the ¹H and ¹H-¹³C heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR data and NMR databases, 23 compounds have been identified. The identified metabolites include 31% amino acids, 9% sugars, 9% amines, 4% sugar alcohols, and 4% alkaloids. This is the first report for the metabolic characterization of C. hydrophila, which gave preliminary information about the fungus. It is expected that our findings not only will pave the way to other perspectives in enormous applications using C. hydrophila as a new promising source of antimicrobial agents and essential metabolites, but also it will be valuable in the classification and chemotaxonomy of the species.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.66
• /
• pp.250-257
• /
• 2023

Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter distributed in the central nervous system of mammals. However, high concentrations of glutamate are known to cause neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke by causing nerve cell death. In this study, the antioxidant activity and neuroprotective effect of subtropical natural products were analyzed. Among 11 subtropical plant extracts mainly tested, Sallacca wallichiana extract (SE) showed the greatest free radical scavenging activity. Then, we confirmed through WST-1 assay that SE protected HT22 cells against glutamate-induced cell death in a concentration-dependent manner. The protective effects of SE against glutamate-induced apoptosis in HT22 cells were also confirmed by flow cytometry analysis using Annexin V/PI double staining. We also confirmed using H₂DCF-DA single staining that SE inhibits glutamate-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species. And we were confirmed through that SE inhibited glutamate-induced phosphorylation of Mitogen-activated Protein kinases. Consequently, our results propose that SE may contribute to the development of therapeutics to prevent neurodegenerative diseases.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.49 no.4
• /
• pp.313-321
• /
• 2023

Platycodon grandiflorus (P. grandiflorus) flower is a perennial plant belonging to the family Campanulaceae and has many excellent pharmacological effects, so it has been used as a medicinal ingredient since ancient times. In addition, anthocyanin is a purple or blue natural pigment contained in plant flowers and fruits, and is known as a powerful antioxidant. The purpose of this study was to confirm the dermatological functionality of P. grandiflorus flower extract and the value of the bluish anthocyanin contained in flowers as a cosmetic material as a natural pigment. Firstly, 50% ethanol and 80% ethanol were added to the P. grandiflorus flower and extracted under reflux for 4 h at 25, 60, and 80 ℃, and the pH of each treatment group was similar. Based on the anthocyanin content and chromaticity (E^*ab), 50% ethanol 60 ℃ extraction conditions showing the color development most similar to the natural color of the P. grandifloras flower were selected, and a sample was prepared by concentrating and lyophilizing. The analysis results showed that the total phenol, total flavonoid, and total anthocyanin contents were in the ranges of 23 ㎍/mL, 16 ㎍/mL, and 0.17 ㎍/mL, respectively. The P. grandiflorus flower extract suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, the P. grandiflorus flower extract showed wound healing effects through the promotion of skin cell migration in TNF-α stimulated human keratinocytes. The stability of anthocyanin and extract color was studied during a storage period of 50 days at various temperatures (4 ℃, 25 ℃, and 45 ℃). Color values (L, a, and b) of the P. grandiflorus flower extract changed over 50 days, whereas the bluish-purple color of the extract was stabilized using 5% maltodextrin. These results suggest that P. grandiflorus flower extract may be useful as a natural cosmetic pigment.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2019.04a
• /
• pp.101-101
• /
• 2019

나고야 의정서가 국내에 본격 시행됨에 따라 전남산림자원연구소는 도내 유용 산림 자원의 주권 확립 및 자원 정보의 DB 구축을 위하여 산림생명자원 추출물은행을 운영 중에 있다. 그 일환으로 1차년 난대 수종 4종(동백, 비자, 편백, 황칠)의 부위(잎, 가지) 시기(1차:4월, 2차:7월, 3차:9월, 4차:11월) 용매별(열수, 에탄올) 추출물을 제작하여, 유효성분 및 생리활성의 분석을 실시하였다. 총 폴리페놀(Total Polyphenol) 함량을 150 ug/g 이상을 기준으로 분석 분류한 결과, 동백 잎(4차) 열수, 가지(1, 3차), 잎(4차) 에탄올, 비자 잎(3, 4차) 열수, 가지(2, 3차), 잎(1, 3, 4차) 에탄올, 편백 가지(3차) 열수, 잎(3차), 가지(2, 3차) 에탄올, 황칠 잎(2, 3, 4차) 에탄올 추출물에서 높은 함량의 총 폴리페놀을 확인 할 수 있었다. 다음으로, 프리라디칼(DPPH) 소거능을 측정하여 50 % 이상을 기준으로 분류한 결과, 동백(1~4차), 가지(1~3차) 열수, 잎(1~4차), 가지(1, 3, 4차) 에탄올, 비자 잎(3차) 열수, 잎(2, 4차) 에탄올, 편백 잎(3, 4차), 가지(1차) 열수, 잎(1~3차), 가지(1, 3, 4차) 에탄올, 황칠 잎(2~4차) 열수 추출물에서 높은 프리라디칼(DPPH) 소거능을 보여 주었다. 이와 같이, 수종별로 부위 시기 용매별 추출물에 따른 유효성분과 생리활성에 차이를 확인 할 수 있었다. 이를 바탕으로 산업화 활용 시 채취 시기 및 부위를 특정 하는 자료로 도움 될 것으로 생각되며, 지속적으로 연계 추출 및 분석을 통해 보다 유의성 있는 자료 수집을 계속 진행 중 입니다. 이러한 산림생명자원 추출물은행의 연구 결과를 바탕으로 보다 심도 있게 반복적인 데이터를 수집 구축하고, 연구개발에 활용한다면, 고부가가치 임산 자원을 개발 및 산업화에 큰 도움이 되고 임업임 소득증대에 기여할 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2022

Perilla is an annual plant in the family Lamiaceae and are widely cultivated in Asian countries. Perilla leaves are important sources of bioactive compounds and are reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-cancer and antioxidant effects, drawing attention as functional food materials. We examined caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, total phenol content, and antioxidant activity in the leaves of 18 perilla accessions obtained from the gene bank of the National Agrobiodiversity Center, Jeonju, Korea. The caffeic acid content ranged between 9.86-27.52 mg/g with an average content of 17.75 mg/g while the level of. rosmarinic acid was in the range between 49.14 and 90.30 mg/g with an average content of 61.88 mg/g. The total polyphenol content ranged between 138.39 ㎍ GAE/mg dried extract (DE) and 378.19 ㎍ GAE/mg DE with an average content of 225.93 ㎍ GAE/mg DE. Cluster analysis based on the content of caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid. and antioxidant activity showed that the accessions collections were grouped in two distinct classes. The first group contained six genetic resources with high content of rosmarinic acid, and antioxidant activities respectively. The second group contained 12 genetic resources with high content of caffeic acid. These results could help develop new varieties of nutrient dense perilla resources.