• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 2022

As more veterinary clinics become specialized with the growth of the companion animal market, an increasing number of veterinary clinics perform orthopedic surgery and use orthopedic products, some of which are defective and have side effects. Thus, the present study aimed to prepare fundamental data for the revision and development of manufacturing standards for these products in order to prevent their side effects. We conducted a survey targeting veterinary clinics as consumers and medical device companies as suppliers. Veterinary clinics were surveyed via offline and online methods; 320 clinics that offered orthopedic surgery and approximately 4,000 veterinary clinics that were registered in the Korean Veterinary Medical Association were targeted, and 153 veterinary clinics responded to the survey. The survey for medical device companies, was performed online, targeting 29 companies; 14 companies responded. The number of side effects of orthopedic products was higher in animal orthopedic products than in those for human use. Many consumers tended to suspect that side effects were caused by product defects. To resolve side effects after using orthopedic products, consumers mostly underwent reoperation. Meanwhile, some severe cases proceeded to legal disputes. Similarly, medical device companies, or the suppliers, responded that most side effects occurred in veterinary orthopedic products and that product defects and mistakes in use were the causes. As for most of the follow-up actions for side effects, these companies either reported the issue to those in charge or analyzed and resolved the issues themselves. Therefore, to develop quality products, suppliers should be provided with clear standards for the production, and information disclosure and a report system for side effects should be particularly established to gain consumers' trust regarding the safety of these products.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.20-27
• /
• 2003

화학공장은 위험한 물리 화학적 특성을 가진 많은 물질들을 다루기 때문에 다른 어떤 공장보다 더 사고의 위험성이 크다. 띠라서 화학공장에서의 각 장치에 대한 위험성 평가는 반드시 필요하다. 현재 사용되고 있는 위험성 평가 방법은 정성적 또는 정량적인 방법으로 각각 개별적으로 적용되는데 정성적, 정량적의 통합된 방법을 적용하면 빠르고 쉽게 적용할 수 있다는 정성적인 방법의 장점과 정밀하게 평가될 수 있다는 정량적인 방법의 장점을 모두 갖출 수 있다. 이러한 통합된 위험성 평가방법을 적용하고 자동화한 ASCA(Automated System for Hazard Screening & Analysis)라는 S/W를 개발하여 실제 공정에 적용하였다. 본 연구에서는 방향족 긍정 중 H.T.U(Hydrotreating Unit)에 대하여 ASCA를 적용하여 각 장치의 상대 순위를 알아보고 D-101이라는 저장탱크에서 단열 실패로 온도 상승이 일어난 경우의 장치고장으로 인한 변수 이상과 발생 가능한 사고의 영향을 알아보았다. 이러한 통합 위험성 평가 시스템을 화학공장에 적용하여 봄으로써 사고 시나리오를 세워서 사고에 대한 비상사태를 대처할 수 있는 능력을 키울 수 있으며 사고를 예방할 수 있을 것이다.

• Advances in nano research
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.441-449
• /
• 2023

Heavy metals, widely present in the environment, have become significant pollutants due to their excessive use in industries and technology. Their non-degradable nature poses a persistent environmental problem, leading to potential acute or chronic poisoning from prolonged exposure. Recent research has focused on separating heavy metals, particularly from industrial and mining sources. Industries such as metal plating, mining operations, tanning, wood and chipboard production, industrial paint and textile manufacturing, as well as oil refining, are major contributors of heavy metals in water sources. Therefore, removing heavy metals from water is crucial, especially for safe water supply in swimming and water sports. Iron oxide nanoparticles have proven to be highly effective adsorbents for water contaminants, and efforts have been made to enhance their efficiency and absorption capabilities through surface modifications. Nanoparticles synthesized using plant extracts can effectively bind with heavy metal ions by modifying the nanoparticle surface with plant components, thereby increasing the efficiency of heavy metal removal. This study focuses on removing lead from industrial wastewater using environmentally friendly, cost-effective iron nanoparticles synthesized with Genovese basil extract. The synthesis of nanoparticles is confirmed through analysis using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction, validating their spherical shape and nanometer-scale dimensions. The method used in this study has a low detection limit of 0.031 ppm for measuring lead concentration, making it suitable for ensuring water safety in swimming and water sports.

• 대한산업공학회지
• /
• 제40권1호
• /
• pp.34-42
• /
• 2014

SCADA and DCS that have performed automatic control and monitoring activities increase the productivity of enterprise in industries. In such systems, although their performance had been improved, there are still many deficiencies in predictive maintenance which can foresee the risk of any kinds of accidents. Because the data acquisition systems of main facilities are being distributed throughout the whole plant and therefore, integration of data obtained from the systems is very difficult. Accordingly, techniques that acquire meaningful information from the gathered data through realtime analysis still need to be improved. This paper introduces a developed facility monitoring system which can predict equipment failure and diagnose facility status through big data analysis to improve equipment efficiency and prevent safety accidents.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.252-260
• /
• 2009

According to Article 7 and Annex B of the World Trade Organization(WTO) Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary(SPS) Measures, WTO members are required to notify their newly established or amended SPS measures that might affect international trade. This study analyzed SPS notifications from 1995 to 2008 to identify international trends for food safety measures. The notifications were collected from the SPS information management system and the official document distribution system of WTO. The 153 WTO members represented 37 developed countries, 84 developing countries and 32 least developed countries. The number of overall notifications was 9,820. The annual notifications increased from 198 in 1995 to 1,264 in 2008. The monthly average notifications were from 44.8 in December to 69.5 in June; however, there were no statistical differences among them. The six leading Members in terms of notification submissions were United States(U.S.), Brazil, New Zealand, Canada, European Community and Korea. Among the regular and emergency notifications, 62.7% notifications were concerned with food safety, followed by animal and plant protections. Among animal protection notifications, 54.8% were emergency situations. Of the 4,821 food safety notifications, 60.4% were from developed countries, and 39.3% were from developing countries. Measures concerning pesticide residues and risk assessments were mainly from developed countries. In contrast, 77.5% of the measures concerning zoonoses were from developing countries. However considering the numbers of developing and developed countries, the average number of measures for each country was similar. Food safety measures were mainly involved pesticide residues followed by food additives, zoonoses, new regulations, labeling. As the overall notifications, zoonosis measures were mainly emergency notifications. Measures concerning pesticide residues, food additives, zoonoses, new regulations, veterinary drugs, and labeling were submitted most often by the U.S., Korea, Albania, U.S., Australia, and U.S., respectively. Identifying the exact trends of food safety measures was complicated by a number of factors. However, WTO notifications might be useful tool in providing a general view of international trends.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제46권4호
• /
• pp.470-479
• /
• 2020

Objectives: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused the death of 740,000 people around the world as of August 12, 2020. Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Avian Influenza, and African Swine Fever are serious livestock diseases. Government agencies in Korea have provided ingredient information and usage instructions for disinfectants used to counter those infectious diseases. The purpose of this study was to provide information on the chemical ingredients in disinfectant products used against COVID-19 and certain livestock diseases. Methods: We collected information from the Korean government. The Central Disaster Management Headquarters and Central Disease Control Headquarters provided information on disinfectant products used against COVID-19. The Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency of Korea provided information on efficacy-certified disinfectant products for use against selected livestock diseases. Health hazard and environmental hazard information on the ingredients in the disinfectants was collected from the Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency's Material Safety Data Sheets, and toxicity value information was collected from United States Environmental Protection Agency's CompTox Chemicals Dashboard. Results: There were 76 COVID-19 disinfectant products in use, and the most common ingredients were benzalkonium chloride (51%), alkylbenzyl dimethyl ammonium (30%), and ethanol (3%). There were 216 livestock disease disinfectant products comprised of 89 acidic, 88 oxidic, 30 aldehydic, three alkaline, and six other products. Among the 49 active ingredients used in the disinfectants that were investigated, health and environmental hazard information was provided for many of them, but only 20 chemicals had official toxicological information. Conclusion: Since the disinfectants included numerous chemicals, an understanding of their chemical characteristics could be critical to prevent unintended human or environmental exposure.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.113-118
• /
• 2019

최근 시설물의 관리를 위한 유지관리는 기존 시설물의 안전진단 등을 통한 구조물의 안정성 위주의 관리에서 시설물의 성능을 평가하여 관리하는 자산관리 개념으로 추세가 바뀌어 가고 있다. 시설물의 자산관리를 위해서는 시설물의 유지관리 및 서비스수준을 평가하고 이를 관리하기 위한 정보 분류가 효율적으로 이루어 져야 한다. 발전 시설물의 경우 복합구조물로 매우 복잡한 형식으로 구성되어 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서 국내 통합 건설분류체계 형식을 반영하여 발전 시설물을 시설, 공간, 부위, 요소로 구분하고 보일러 건물을 사례로 하여 분류를 실시하였다. 본 분류체계는 시설물의 환경조건 등을 반영한 열화조건을 반영하기 위해서 기존의 분류체계에서는 볼 수 없는 방향, 내부, 외부 등을 추가하여 분류하였다. 이는 발전구조물의 특성상 해안가에 위치하고 비례 염분 및 습도 등의 환경조건에 따라 열화속도를 반영하여 체계적이고 효율적인 유지관리를 할 수 있도록 한 것이다. 본 연구에서 개발된 분류체계는 발전시설물의 자산관리를 위한 전산시스템개발에 기초적인 자료로 활용되게 될 것이다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.259-276
• /
• 2006

As the use of digital systems becomes more prevalent, adequate techniques for software specification and analysis have become increasingly important in nuclear power plant (NPP) safety-critical systems. Additionally, the importance of software verification and validation (V&V) based on adequate specification has received greater emphasis in view of improving software quality. For thorough V&V of safety-critical systems, V&V should be performed throughout the software lifecycle. However, systematic V&V is difficult as it involves many manual-oriented tasks. Tool support is needed in order to more conveniently perform software V&V. In response, we developed four kinds of computer aided software engineering (CASE) tools to support system specification for a formal-based analysis according to the software lifecycle. In this work, we achieved optimized integration of each tool. The toolset, NuSEE, is an integrated environment for software specification and V&V for PLC based safety-critical systems. In accordance with the software lifecycle, NuSEE consists of NuSISRT for the concept phase, NuSRS for the requirements phase, NuSDS for the design phase and NuSCM for configuration management. It is believed that after further development our integrated environment will be a unique and promising software specification and analysis toolset that will support the entire software lifecycle for the development of PLC based NPP safety-critical systems.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.99-106
• /
• 2013

Thermal fatigue is a significant long-term degradation mechanism in nuclear power plants. In particular, as operating plants become older and life time extension activities are initiated, operators and regulators need screening criteria to exclude risks of thermal fatigue and methods to determine significant fatigue relevance. In general, the common thermal fatigue issues are well understood and controlled by plant instrumentation at fatigue susceptible locations. However, incidents indicate that certain piping system Tee connections are susceptible to turbulent temperature mixing effects that cannot be adequately monitored by common thermocouple instrumentations. Therefore, in this study thermal fatigue evaluation of piping system Tee-connections is performed using the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) analysis. From the thermal hydraulic analysis, the temperature distributions are determined and their results are applied to the structural model of the piping system to determine the thermal stress. Using the rain-flow method the fatigue analysis is performed to generate fatigue usage factors. The procedure for improved load thermal fatigue assessment using FSI analysis shown in this study will supply valuable information for establishing a methodology on thermal fatigue.

• 시스템엔지니어링학술지
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.16-26
• /
• 2020

Improving operator performance in complex and time-critical situations is critical to maintain plant safety and operability. These situations require quick detection, diagnosis, and mitigation actions to recover from the root cause of failure. One of the key challenges for operators in nuclear power plants is information management and following the control procedures and instructions. Nowadays Digital Twin technology can be used for analyzing and fast detection of failures and transient situations with the recommender system to provide the operator or maintenance engineer with recommended action to be carried out. Systems engineering approach (SE) is used in developing a digital twin for the CEDM system to support operator actions when there is a misalignment in the control element assembly group. Systems engineering is introduced for identifying the requirements, operational concept, and associated verification and validation steps required in the development process. The system developed by using a machine learning algorithm with a text mining technique to extract the required actions from limiting conditions for operations (LCO) or procedures that represent certain tasks.