• Title/Summary/Keyword: Plant Regulator

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Growth, Lodging Reduction as Affected by Iprobenfos-metconazole(IPM) in Direct-seeded Rice on Flooded Paddy Field (벼 담수직파재배시 Iprobenfos-metconazole(IPM) 처리에 따른 생육과 도복경감효과)

  • Lee, Kyehwan;Choi, Bongsu;Park, Jonghyun;Woo, Sunhee;Lee, Chulwon
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.58 no.4
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    • pp.393-398
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    • 2013
  • Lodging in the direct seeded rice cultivation on flooded paddy is being severe problem due to the lower production and grain quality at ripening stage. This study was conducted to examine the effect of Iprobenfos-metconazole (IPM) treated 50, 40 and 30 days before heading respectively as a plant regulator to reduce the lodging at ripening stage of direct seeding rice cultivation. The culm length treated with IPM, especially the 4th culm internode, was shortened more than with untreated plot, and the most effective time was at 30 days before heading. At 20 days after heading the flag leaves colour showed more greening than in the untreated leaves and the plot with IPM treatment was to be maintained longer compared to the control plot. The Nitrogen concentration of leaves with IPM was lower than in the control plot, and $SiO_2$ contents were higher than in the untreated plot and $SiO_2/N$ ratio was increased more in the IPM plot than in the control plot. The breaking strength of 3rd and 4th culm internode with IPM treatment was higher than in the untreated plot, and the lodging index was reduced in the IPM plot significantly and the field lodging also was reduced. As the results the rice production in the IPM plot was increased more due to be higher ripening ratio and seed grain weight compared to the untreated plot to be occurred the field lodging.

Characterization of Arabidopsis Histidine Kinase 3 and Proteomic Analysis of Its Mutant (애기장대 histidine kinase 3 (AHK3)의 특성과 결손돌연변이체인 ahk3의 프로테옴 분석)

  • Liang Ying-Shi;Cha Joon-Yung;Ermawati Netty;Jung Min-Hee;Lee Kon-Ho;Son Dae-Young
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.16 no.3 s.76
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    • pp.447-453
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    • 2006
  • Histidine kinase plays important roles in signal transduction in plant. We characterized the function of Arabidopsis histidine kinase 3 (AHK3) and analyzed the expression patterns of genes and proteins in its mutant ahk3 by trans-zeatin (t-zeatin). The ahk3 exhibited decreased sensitivity to t-zeatin during callus formation, seedling growth, and leaf senescence. From proteomic analysis of ahk3, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A-2, auxin binding glutathione S-transferase, and NDPK1 were identified not to be induced by t-zeatin, when compared to the wild-type. In addition, the expression levels of ARR4 and ARR16 among A-type response regulators (ARRs) markedly decreased in ahk3 by t-zeatin treatment. These results suggest that AHK3 plays an important role in cytokinin signaling and the proteins identified from proteomic analysis and specific ARRs, ARR4 and ARR16 may be directly or indirectly associated in AHK3-mediated cytokinin signaling.

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators and Seed Priming Treatment on the Germination and Early Growth of Snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.) (식물생장조절제 및 priming 처리가 금어초 종자의 발아와 초기생육에 미치는 영향)

  • Kang Jum-Soon;Choi In-Soo
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.16 no.3 s.76
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    • pp.493-499
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    • 2006
  • In this study, we investigated the effect of growth regulators, seed priming, and light condition for the germination and early growth in Snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.). The optimum concentration of growth regulator for the promotion of germinability turned out to be 250 uM of $GA_3$. The germination enhancement in combination of $GA_3+BAP$ was not significant. The optimum priming condition for the maximum germinability was 2 day treatment of 200 mM of $KNO_3$. which increased germination by 14% and shortened the day to germination by 3.5 days. The optimum temperature for germination was $15{\sim}25^{\circ}C$. The germination frequency was decreased to lower than 20% at $30^{\circ}C$, which showed that seeds of Snapdragon germinates better at low temperature than high temperature. The germination frequency was different at light condition; it was low at dark condition, but was increased by $15{\sim}20%$ at red light condition. The combination of $GA_3$ and seed priming showed better germinability than the single treatment of $GA_3$ and seed priming.

Effects of Application Method of GA4+7+BA on Tree Growth and Fruit Characteristics of 'Gala' Apple (GA4+7+BA의 처리방법이 사과 '갈라' 품종의 수체생장 및 과실특성에 미치는 영향)

  • SaGong, Dong-Hoon;Yoon, Tae-Myung;Choi, Seak-Won
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.552-560
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    • 2010
  • $GA_{4+7}$+BA, a plant growth regulator for induction of feathering in young apple tree and increasing fruit size, was applied by various methods on 'Gala'/M.9 apple trees in high density orchard for 4 years to investigate its effect on fruit and shoot growth. $GA_{4+7}$+BA($80-300mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) increased fruit length, fruit weight, and L/D ratio regardless of application methods, but it did not affect soluble solid content, acidity, leaf area, and chlorophyll. Seed number was not affected by $GA_{4+7}$+BA application, however, more immature seeds was observed in treated 'Gala' fruit. Shoot growth was increased when spraying $GA_{4+7}$+BA at tree crown but not affected when spraying at fruit directly. More significant fruit growth was observed when $GA_{4+7}$+BA was applied on the fruits between late of May and early of June when fruit cell division ended; however, high concentration of $GA_{4+7}$+BA resulted in lower fruit storability because of lower firmness. Hence, more attention should be paid when applying high concentration of $GA_{4+7}$+BA to small sized fruit cultivars like 'Gala'.

Trinexapac-ethyl Treatment for Kentucky Bluegrass of Golf Course during Summer (하절기 켄터키블루그래스 관리를 위한 식물생장조절제 Trinexapac-ethyl의 활용)

  • Tae, Hyun-Sook;Hong, Beom-Seok;Cho, Yong-Sup;Oh, Sang-Hun
    • Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.156-160
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    • 2010
  • This study was performed to provide useful information for kentucky bluegrass management during summer by application of plant growth regulator, Trinexapac-ethyl. Visual quality, shoot density and chlorophyll contents of treatment blocks were significantly different from those of control during summer by application of Trinexapac-ethyl. The turfgrass density of treatment was increased of 4ea/$10\;cm^2$, especially about 5ea/$10\;cm^2$ during the growth retarded period of June and July. Chlorophyll contents index and visual quality of kentucky bluegrass were improved by application of Trinexapac-ethyl during summer, too. In addition, the occurrence of foliage in rainy and high temperature season was less than that of control. However, there was no significant difference in the root length of Kentucky Bluegrass. Meanwhiles, mowing height of kentucky Bluegrass was suppressed by 38% at 2 WAT week after treatment and that there was no significant growth of treatment at 4 WAT. In this experiment, turfgrass quality was significantly better than that of control during July, even though trinexapac-ethyl wasn't applied at all in July. Consequently, periodic treatment of trinexapac- ethyl from spring would be very important to promote the turfgrass visual quality during summer which is unfavorable season on the growth of kentucky bluegrass. And it is possible to reduce mowing times at least 30% for 2 weeks by one application of Trinexapac-ethyl 0.02~0.03 ml/$m^2$ in kentucky bluegrass fairway. Additively, trinexapac- ethyl treatment can be helpful environmentally by cutting down the fertilizers and pesticides in golf course.

Difference in Rooting in the Scion from Different Node of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort (토천궁(土川芎)의 삽수(揷穗) 채가(採歌) 부위(部位)에 따른 발근차이(發根差異))

  • Kim, Chung-Guk;Im, Dae-Joon;Lee, Seoung-Tack
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.3 no.3
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    • pp.246-250
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    • 1995
  • Scions from the one- and two-years old and the nodes of Ligusticum chuanxiong stem were used to study the rooting ability with the treatment of plant growth regulators planted to different bed soils as the alternative propagation for the present method by rhizome. The rooting ratio in the scion from the one- and the two-years old plants showed any difference, but that was ranged from 94% to 100% in the first node and from 56% to 64% in the second node from the bottom of the stem. The scion of first node from both the plants showed more than 90% in the root ratio and 16 in the number of rooting and growed more than 31cm in the root length. The Rootone-F and 250ppm of NAA were most effective for the promotion of rooting. Rooting ratios in the sand and in the mixture of vermiculite and perlite as bed soils were about 18%, but that in the cultured soil considerably decreased.

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Synergistic Increase of BDNF Release from Rat Primary Cortical Neuron by Combination of Several Medicinal Plant-Derived Compounds

  • Jeon, Se-Jin;Bak, Hae-Rang;Seo, Jung-Eun;Kwon, Kyung-Ja;Kang, Young-Sun;Kim, Hee-Jin;Cheong, Jae-Hoon;Ryu, Jong-Hoon;Ko, Kwang-Ho;Shin, Chan-Young
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.39-47
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    • 2010
  • Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophic factor involved in neuronal differentiation, plasticity, survival and regeneration. BDNF draws massive attention mainly due to the potential as a therapeutic target in neurological diseases such as depression and Alzheimer's disease. In a primary screening for the natural compounds enhancing BDNF release from cultured rat primary cortical neuron, we found that compounds such as baicalein, tanshinone IIa, cinnamic acid, epiberberine, genistein and wogonin among many others increased BDNF release. All the compounds at $0.1{\mu}M$ of concentration barely showed stimulatory effect on BDNF induction, however, their combination (mixture 1; baicalein, tanshinone IIa and cinnamic acid, mixture 2; epiberberine, genistein and wogonin) showed synergistic increase in BDNF release as well as mRNA and protein expression. The level of BDNF expression was comparable to the maximum BDNF stimulation attainable by a positive control oroxylin A ($20{\mu}M$) without cell toxicity as determined by MTT analysis. Both mixtures synergistically increased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) as well as cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), an immediate and essential regulator of BDNF expression. Similar to these results, mixture of these compounds synergistically inhibited the up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induced by lipopolysaccharide treatments in rat primary astrocytes. These results suggest that the combinatorial treatment of natural compounds in lower concentration might be a useful strategy to obtain sufficient BDNF stimulation in neurological disease condition such as depression, while minimizing potential side effects and toxicity of higher concentration of a single compound.

Comparison of Measured and Predicted $^3H$ Concentrations in Environmental Media around the Wolsung Site for the Validation of INDAC Code (주면피폭선량 평가코드(INDAC)의 검증을 위한 월성원전 주면 삼중수소 농도 실측치와 예측치의 비교 평가)

  • Jang, Si-Young;Kim, Chang-Kyu;Rho, Byung-Hwan
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.75-80
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    • 2000
  • The predicted results of INDAC code were compared with measured $^3H$ concentrations in air and pine-needle around the Wolsung site. The optimal sets of input data to INDAC were in addition selected by comparing the measured values with the predicted values of INDAC based on various conditions such as the release modes of effluents into the environment, the classification of wind classes, and the consideration of terrain. The predicted $^3H$ concentrations in air and pine-needle were shown to have good agreement with measured values, although there are some limitations such as uncertainties in measured values, complex topology around the site, and the land-sea breeze effects. The assumption on the $^3H$ behavior in vegetables or plants that the ratio of $^3H$ concentration in plant water to $^3H$ concentration in atmospheric water is 1/2 was shown to be conservative in terms of the audit calculation performed by the regulator. It was also found that data sets based on mixed mode and no terrain data were not appropriate for the audit calculation ensuring the compliance with regulations. Thus, if the mixed mode is considered as the release mode of effluents into the environment, meteorological data measured at 58 m height and terrain data should be used to evaluate the atmospheric dispersion factor.

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The Anti-oxidative and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Malus melliana Ethanol Extract (Malus melliana 에탄올 추출물의 항산화 및 항염증 활성)

  • Lee, Su Hyeon;Jin, Kyong-Suk;Kim, Byung Woo;Kwon, Hyun Ju
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.27 no.7
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    • pp.783-789
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    • 2017
  • Malus melliana (Hand.-Mazz.) Rehder (M. melliana) is a Chinese plant that belongs to the Rosaceae family. There have been no previous reports regarding its bioactivity. In this study, the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of M. melliana ethanol extract (MMEE) were evaluated using a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity assay, nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity assay, and the analysis of related protein expressions through Western blot hybridization. MMEE showed potent scavenging activity against DPPH, similar to ascorbic acid, a well-known anti-oxidative agent, which was used as a positive control. MMEE also inhibited hydrogen peroxide-induced ROS in RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, MMEE induced the expression of an anti-oxidative enzyme, heme oxygenase 1, and its upstream transcription factor, nuclear factor E2-related factor-2, in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, MMEE was associated with a reduction in NO production, which was induced by the lipopolysaccharide treatment of RAW 264.7 cells. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, which is the upstream regulator of NO production, was also inhibited. Taken together, these results suggest that MMEE has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, thus appearing to be a potential anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. The further identification of active compounds that confer the biological activities of MMEE may be necessary.

Determination of Optimal Collecting Date and Exogenous Auxin Dipping Treatments in Cutting Transplants of 'Seolhyang' Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) ('설향' 딸기 삽목묘의 최적 삽수 채취시기와 오옥신 처리 구명)

  • Kim, Eun Ji;Uhm, Mi Jeong;Jung, Hyun Soo;Kim, Jong Yeob;Lee, Jun Gu
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.252-258
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    • 2020
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of timing of collecting date and concentration of IBA and NAA, in order to enhance initial activity and seedling quality of domestic strawberry. Strawberry cuttings were separately taken twice, in June 7 and in July 5, and IBA and NAA were treated with the concentrations of 0.025, 0.05 and 0.1% at cutting date, respectively. The seedlings were evaluated for the percentage of survival during 18 days at 6 times after tunnel cultivation. The NAA treatment was inappropriate for strawberry cutting due to the high rate of seedling mortality, regardless of the collecting date. The vitality of the seedlings was highest at IBA 0.1% in June collecting and at IBA 0.05% in July collecting. The seedlings from June collecting had a higher quantum yield at IBA 0.1% and the seedlings from July collecting at IBA 0.05%. Therefore, IBA could be more effectively applied than NAA to promote the vitality and quality with the appropriate concentration of 0.1% at June collecting and 0.05% at July collecting, respectively.