• 한국작물학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.283-287
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• 1992

작약의 번식방법과 작약근 / 목단접수의 유효성분을 비교 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 작약실생묘 파종적기는 수확후 같은해 8월20일에서 9월10일에 파종하는 것이 발아율이 양호하였다. 2. 분주법은 춘식보다 추식이 작약의 생육에 유리하였다. 3. 삽목법은 개화중에 실시하는 것이 발근율이 양호하였고, 생장조정제는 무처리관행 대비보다 Ruton 처리가 발근율이 21% 증가하였으나 정아출현이 되지 않았다. 4. 작약근 / 목단접수의 접목시기는 9월이 적기이고, 작약근 / 목단접수에서 뿌리 생산성도 가장 우수하였다. 5. 작약 유효성분은 paeoniflorin 성분이 가장 많았고, 목단은 paeonol 성분이 많았으며, 작약근 / 목단접수의 paeoniflorin 성분은 작약보다 75.9% 높았으며, 기타 유효성분 또한 작약근과 비슷한 경향이었다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.171-175
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• 1971

벼의 키다리병(Bakanae disease)병원균 Gibberella fujikuroi Sawada는 그의 대사 산물로 Gibberellin 산류를 생산하고 있어 작물생장 조절작용이 있는 이 물질을 얻기 위하여는 우수한 균주를 알맞은 조건에서 배양하는 것이다. 이 시험은 우리나라의 야생균 가운데 Gibberellin 산류의 생산성이 우수한 균주를 분리 선발하기 위하여 먼저 평택, 예산, 당진 및 순천지역에서 키다리병에 걸려있는 볏모 뿌리를 수집하여 평택지역 4, 예산지역 7, 당진지역 7, 순천지역 5 균주를 각각 분리하여 형태학적으로 검토하여 동정하였다. 분리 선발된 각 균주와 대조근주(IAM-8048)에 대하여 일정한 배양 조건에서 Gibberellin 산류의 생산성을 배양액중 농도 측청과 볏모에 대한 배양액 추출물의 생산촉진 효과실험을 통하여 우수한 활성 균주 셋을 선정 Gibberella fujikuroi P-105, Y-14 및 T-58이라 각각 기호를 부쳤으며 그 가운데 P-105가 가장 우수하였다. 균주 Y-5, Y-7, T-54 및 S-152 등은 배양액중 Gibberellin 산류의 농도와 볏모에 대한 생장 촉진 효과가 낮거나 약간 억제적이었다. 배양 조건을 추구하기 위하여 조성과 함량이 다른 여섯가지 배양기에 대하여 비교 시험한 결과 Raulin-Thom 배양기 (glucose 16%, $NH_4NO_3$ 0.24%)에서 Gibberellin 산류의 생산이 가장 높았으며 그 밖에 다른것은 대략 Cross, Borrow, West, Stodola, Kurosawa 배양기의 순위로 생산성이 낮았다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2004

생장조절제 Atonic 원제 중 부성분의 함량과 화학구조를 구명하기 위하여 diethyl ether와 dichloromethane 분배액을 각각 GC-FID와 GC-MSD로 분석하여 5종 부성분의 화학구조를 구명하였다. 주성분인 Atonic의 함량은 약 84%이었으며, 부성분의 함량은 $0.24\sim10.74%$이었다. 확인된 부성분은 2-methoxy-phenol (guaiacol, m/z 124), 2-chloro-6-methoxyphenol 또는 4-chloro-6-methoxyphenol (m/z 158), 1,2-dimethoxy-4-nitrobenzene (m/z 183), 그리고 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol (m/z 220)이었으며, 국내에서 규제중인 6종의 유해성분은 포함되지 않은 것으로 판단되었다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.75-82
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• 1982

콩나물 제조중 식물성장 조절제 혼합액(IAA와 BA)을 2회 처리하여 그의 성분 및 생육상태의 변화를 비교실험하였다. 콩나물의 성장중 생육상태의 변화는 식물성장 조절제 처리구에서 35%의 신장이 억제되었으며 생체중량, 건조물량 및 배축부의 두께는 각각 $10{\sim}20%$, 5%, 40%의 촉진효과를 나타내었고 취약성 및 경도는 약간의 증가를 나타내었다. 또한 처리구에서는 잔뿌리의 발생이 억제되어 잔뿌리 없는 콩나물을 제조할 수 있었다. 콩나물 성장중 조단백질과 조지방의 변화는 처리구에서 대조구보다 각각 $5{\sim}10%$, 10%의 증가효과를 나타내었으며 vitamin C의 변화는 처리구에서 대조구보다 70%의 생성촉진효과를 나타내었다. 식물생장 조절제 처리구의 아미노산 조성은 lysine 17.22mg, arginine 18.45mg, 그리고 methionine이 3.56mg으로 각기 대조구에 비하여 16%, 108%, 15%의 증가 효과를 나타내었으며 proline은 5.03mg으로 대조구에 비하여 106%로 감소되었다. 지방산조성은 처리구, 대조구 모두 비슷한 조성을 나타내었으며 처리구의 지방산조성은 linoleic 57.14%, oleic 18.6%, palmitic 11.17%, linolenic 9.22%의 순이며 P/S ratio는 4.40으로 대조구의 4.37 보다 약간 높았다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2009

This experiment was done to determine the optimum conditions for the induction of tetraploidy in Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer using bud length, temperature and plant growth regulator pretreatments. Highest callus formation was obtained when the medium was inoculated with flower bud in the size of 2-3 mm in length. The optimum temperature for the callus formation was high when treated at $4^{\circ}C$ for 4-5 days. Among the treatments of growth regulators and different concentration, highest callus formation was observed in combination of 5 mg/L 2,4-D and 1 mg/L kinetin for P. ginseng. As a result of flow cytometer analysis, all 7 adventitious roots were confirmed as tetraploidys. Cytological analysis revealed that the chromosome number of tetraploid roots was 96, while that of diploid roots was 48. Tetraploid ginseng roots were inoculated to flower bud size of 2-3 mm in length. The callus formation was optimum when treated with 1 mg/L 2,4-D at $4^{\circ}C$ for 5 days. Compared with control roots, tetraploid roots were thicker and longer and had few lateral branches. Fresh weight of tetraploid roots was relatively higher than the control roots.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.230-260
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• 1992

The paper was reviewed the research results on weed dynamics and effective control methods in direct-seeded rice crop. Direct seeding method resulted in drastic increment of weed growth compared to transplanting method and also changed in troublesome weed flora. Two to three fold more weeds were harvested at the direct seeded rice and weed flora of dominant species shifted toward $C_4$type grass weeds. Some of the important troublesome weeds in direct seeded rice were Echinochloa crus-galle, Oryza saliva ssp spontanea, Leptochloa chinensis. Setaria viridus. Digitaria adsendens, Sesbania exaltata, Aeschynomene indica, Algae, etc. Yield loss due to weed competiton was about 40-60% for water-seeded and about 70-100% for dry-seeded rice while these for transplanted rice were about 25-35% for mechanical transplanting and about 10-20% for manual transplanting, respectively. Integrated weed management concept was neede to approach weed control effectively. Several cultural technologies were very effective to suppress the weed growth. These were tillage operation, water management, seeding date and seeding rate. Crop residues of barley, rice, wheat, oat and italian ryegrass were also effectivly suppressed the paddy weeds particularly to Potamogeton distiuctus, a perennial broadleaf weed. A pathogen of Epicoccosorus nematosporus identified from Eleocharis kuroguwai was an excellent potential bioagent to control the most troublesome perennial sedge weed of E. Kuroguwai without arising any detrimental effect. The herbicidal efficacy of this pathogen was as high as bentazon herbicide. Plant growth regulator of paclobutrazol (pp-333) was another possible alternative to reduce the herbicide use. In current, herbicide exhibited the most conspicuous results to control weeds in direct-seeded rice even though the application technologies were not fully established. Recommendations for herbicide application were suggested for in both water-and dry-seeded rice in USA, Japan and Korea, respectively. To make better and comprehensive recommendations further studies on weed ecology and herbicide development were emphasized.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.243-250
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• 2015

Patterning of the polar axis during the early leaf developmental stage is established by cell-to-cell communication between the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and the leaf primordia. In a previous study, we showed that the DRL1 gene, which encodes a homolog of the Elongator-associated protein KTI12 of yeast, acts as a positive regulator of adaxial leaf patterning and shoot meristem activity. To determine the evolutionally conserved functions of DRL1, we performed a comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of DRL1 and its yeast homolog, KTI12, and found that while overall homology was low, well-conserved domains were presented. DRL1 contained two conserved plant-specific domains. Expression of the DRL1 gene in a yeast KTI12-deficient yeast mutant suppressed the growth retardation phenotype, but did not rescue the caffeine sensitivity, indicating that the role of Arabidopsis Elongator-associated protein is partially conserved with yeast KTI12, but may have changed between yeast and plants in response to caffeine during the course of evolution. In addition, elevated expression of DRL1 gene triggered zymocin sensitivity, while overexpression of KTI12 maintained zymocin resistance, indicating that the function of Arabidopsis DRL1 may not overlap with yeast KTI12 with regards to toxin sensitivity. In this study, expression analysis showed that class-I KNOX genes were downregulated in the shoot apex, and that YAB and KAN were upregulated in leaves of the Arabidopsis drl1- 101 mutant. Our results provide insight into the communication network between the SAM and leaf primordia required for the establishment of leaf polarity by mediating histone acetylation or through other mechanisms.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2002

Pest control is required for protecting the food supply and for controlling disease vectors. Unfortunately, there is no perfectly safe form of pest control. Pesticides are commonly used for pest control. Pesticides are defined under the US Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act(FIFRA) as any substance or mixture of substances intended to prevent, destroy, repel, or mitigate pests, and any substance or mixture of substances intended for use as a plant regulator, defoliant, or dessicant(40 CFR Part 152). Currently in the United States, there are 890 active ingredients registered as pesticides. Approximately one billion pounds of active ingredient are used in the US per year. Unlike most chemicals(anti-neoplastic and anti-micobial medications are the principal exceptions), pesticides are specifically designed to kill and cause harm. Because society allows these chemicals to be disseminated into the environment, it is important to monitor the health effects associated with these releases. This represents an important justification for establishing and maintaining surveillance systems for acute pesticide-related illness and injury. A comprehensive, national surveillance system for acute pesticide-related illness and injury does not currently exist in the US. Although the United States has several surveillance systems for this condition, none provide a complete understanding of the problem of acute pesticide-related illness and injury. The Toxic Exposure Surveillance System(TESS) and Bureau of Labor Statisitics(BLS) are useful for assessing magnitude and trends. The state-based surveillance systems are more useful for timely identification of outbreaks and emerging problems. Efforts are underway to increase the number of states that conduct surveillance, and to broaden the use of the standardized case definition to facilitate aggregation of data across states. Through such efforts, a comprehensive, national surveillance system may be attainable.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.52-60
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• 2004

The optimized in vitro culture system was investigated for improvement of regeneration efficiencies by observing the responses of scutella-derived callus of Korean rice (Oryza sativa L.). Large variations of callus induction (43.9-93.9%) and shoot regeneration (0-88.7%) were observed among the rice cultivars depending on medium. However, shoot regeneration was significantly improved by selected utilization of basal medium, growth regulators, and carbon sources. N6 basal medium was more efficient for embryogenic callus induction than MS or LS basal medium, while MS was superior to N6 for shoot regeneration. The calli of highly regenerative cultivars grew faster and showed higher rates of green tissue formation (GT) and shoot regeneration (SR) and lower rate of callus browning (CB) than those of recalcitrant cultivars. Although a higher level of kinetin stimulated the GT and SR in highly regenerative cultivars, $10\textrm{mgL}^{-1}$ kinetin generally suppressed the GT and SR, while CB was accelerated compared to $2\textrm{mgL}^{-1}$ kinetin. Additional benefits of sorbitol combined with maltose (or sucrose) under $5\textrm{mgL}^{-1}$ kinetin were certainly confirmed on regeneration efficiencies compared to sucrose alone as carbon source and osmotic regulator. This combination showed high rate of GT and SR with multiple shoots while low rate of CB. With MSRK5SM-Pr medium ($5\textrm{mgL}^{-1}$ kinetin, 3% sorbitol, 2% maltose, $500\textrm{mgL}^{-1}$ proline), the regeneration efficiencies of total 17 out of 24 cultivars were practically improved 160% on average compared to MSRK2S ($2\textrm{mgL}^{-1}$ kinetin, 3% sucrose) control medium. Especially, the medium was most effective to the cultivars showing a medium level of regenerability such as Daesanbyeo and Dongjinbyeo and Suwon477, enhancing efficiencies more than 300-600% compared to MSRK2S medium.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.131-131
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• 2017

Though the Platycodon grandiflorum, has a broad range of pharmacologic properties, but the mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. In order to profile proteins from the nodal segment, callus, root and shoot, high throughput proteome approach was executed in the present study. Two-dimensional gels stained with CBB, a total of 84 differential expressed proteins were confirmed out of 839 protein spots using image analysis by Progenesis SameSpot software. Out of total differential expressed spots, 58 differential expressed protein spots (${\geq}2-fold$) were analyzed using MASCOT search engine according to the similarity of sequences with previously characterized proteins along with the UniProt database. Out of 58 differential expressed protein, 32 protein spots were up-regulated such as ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, endoplasmic oxidoreductin-1, heat stress transcription factor A3, RNA pseudourine synthase 4, cysteine proteinase, GntR family transcriptional regulator, E3 xyloglucan 6-xylosyltransferase, while 26 differential protein spots were down-regulated such as L-ascorbate oxidase precursor, late embryogenesis abundant protein D-34, putative SCO1 protein, oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 3. However, the frequency distribution of identified proteins using iProClass databases, and assignment by function based on gene ontology revealed that the identified proteins from the explants were mainly associated with the nucleic acid binding (17%), transferase activity (14%) and ion binding (12%). Taken together, the protein profile may provide insight clues for better understanding the characteristics of proteins and its metabolic activities in various explants of this essential medicinal plant P. grandiflorum.