• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.481-486
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• 1995

The salt stress at seedling stage of winter barley was examined in different concentrations of NaCl containing 1/2 Hoagland solution. Fresh weight of seedling at 30 days after seeding was highest at 25mM of NaCl concentration containing 1/2 Hoagland solution but if the NaCl concentration was more than 50mM it began to decrease seriously. Water content in plant was decreased according to increase of NaCl concentration in 1/2 Hoagland solution, so physiological mechanism of NaCl in barley was different from saline plant. Stoma number per cm$^2$ of first leaf was higher than that of control in case of stressed by NaCl but in that case the leaf length was decreased so the number of stoma per first leaf was slightly decreased. Chloroplast shape was not changed by 75mM of high NaCl contained 1/2 Hoagland solution but cell division at root growing point was inhibited by 75mM of NaCl. As the result of salt stress mitochondria was ruined in structure and irregular solid was found to be transfered from the cytoplasm to the cell wall in root growing point.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.133-139
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• 2012

The influences of ethylene inhibitors ($AgNO_3$ and silver thiosulfate) and cytokinins (BAP and TDZ) on shoot regeneration from cotyledon and hypocotyl explants of B. napus cv. Youngsan were investigated. The presence of $50{\mu}M$ Silver thiosulfate (STS) in shoot regeneration medium formed shoots at 60-68% after 3-4 weeks of culture, which was enhanced by 2-fold compared to that of Silver nitrate ($AgNO_3$). Moreover, cotyledon explants were more regenerative than hypocotyls; shoots from cotyledon explants began to occur 4-5 days earlier than that of hypocotyl explants. TDZ at a concentration of $8-10{\mu}M$ was effective for shoot regeneration, compared with BAP. Consequently, the optimal shoot regeneration response was observed in medium supplemented with $50{\mu}M\;STS+8{\mu}M\;TDZ$. In transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, higher density of silver nanoparticles was shown to be accumulated widely inside the cell wall and plasmodesmata of regenerating leaf cultured in medium supplemented with $AgNO_3$. By contrast, in the cell cultured in medium with STS, fine-grained deposits were partly observed in the surroundings of the cell wall.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.649-654
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• 2006

The objective of present study was to investigate the anti oxidative and hepatoprotective effects of tomato extracts. Total antioxidant capacity and total antioxidant response were 5.5 and $19.8{\mu}g$ Trolox equivalent per mg of tomato extract, respectively. DPPH radical scavenging activity of tomato extracts ($10mg\;ml^{-1}$) was 70% as compared to 100% by pyrogallol solution as a reference. The effect of the tomato extracts on lipid peroxidation was examined using rat liver mitochondria induced by iron/ascorbate. Tomato extracts at the concentration of $0.5mg\;ml^{-1}$ significantly decreased TBARS concentration. Tomato extracts prevented lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of the tomato extracts on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was examined using cell-free system induced by $H_2O_2/FeSO_4$. Addition of $1mg\;ml^{-1}$ of tomato extracts significantly reduced dichlorofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence. Tomato extracts caused concentration-dependent attenuation of the increase in DCF fluorescence, indicating that tomato extracts significantly prevented ROS generation in vitro. The effect of tomato extracts on cell viability and proliferation was examined using hepatocyte culture. Primary cultures of rat hepatocytes were incubated with 1mM tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) for 90 min in the presence or absence of tomato extracts. MTT values by addition of tomato extracts at the concentration of 2, 10, and $20mg\;ml^{-1}$ in the presence of t-BHP were 13, 33 and 48%, respectively, compared to 100% as control. Tomato extracts increased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. These results demonstrate that tomato extracts suppressed lipid peroxidation and t-BHP-induced hepatotoxicity and scavenged ROS generation. Thus antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of tomato extracts seem to be due to, at least in part, the prevention from free radicals-induced oxidation, followed by inhibition of lipid peroxidation.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.89-89
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• 2019

Several studies report the anticancer effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra (G. glabra), Glycyrrhiza uralensis (G. uralensis) and their compounds. However, the anticancer effect of Glycyrrhiza cultivar roots are limited. In this study, we compared the anticancer effect of Glycyrrhiza cultivar (Wongam and Shinwongam) extracts with G. glabra and G. uralensis extracts in breast cancer cell lines. Freeze dried Glycyrrhiza root extracts were dissolved in cell culture media at 2 mg/mL and filtered by $0.2{\mu}m$ filter. Glycyrrhiza root extracts were serially diluted at the concentrations of $10{\mu}g/mL$, $100{\mu}g/mL$, $200{\mu}g/mL$, $400{\mu}g/mL$, $800{\mu}g/mL$, $1000{\mu}g/mL$ and $2000{\mu}g/mL$. MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of Glycyrrhiza root extracts and the cell viability was measured using MTT assay. In MCF-7 cells, G. glabra showed no significant difference with Wongam and showed significant difference with Shinwongam at $1000{\mu}g/mL$ (G. glabra 101.2% and Shinwongam 82.68%) and $2000{\mu}g/mL$ (G. glabra 83.07% and Shinwongam 54.05%). G. uralensis showed significant difference with Wongam at $2000{\mu}g/mL$ (G. uralensis 66.48% and Wongam 95.02%) and showed no significant difference with Shinwongam. In MDA-MB-231 cells, G. glabra showed no significant difference with both Wongam and Shinwongam. G. uralensis showed significant difference with Wongam at $2000{\mu}g/mL$ (G. uralensis 72.59% and Wongam 93.47%) and showed no significant difference with Shinwongam. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that G, glabra and G. uralensis compared with Wongam, and Shinwongam at low concentrations ($10{\mu}g/mL{\sim}800{\mu}g/mL$) display similar cytotoxic potency.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.80 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1991

Developmental micropropagation method and somatic embryogenesis for hybrid poplars, Populns ehrarnericana Eco28, P. nigra ${\times}$ P. moximowiczii 62-9, were established using nodule culture system. Calli of Eco28 and 62-9 clone were initiated from leaf explant on the medium with 0.5mg/l and 2.0mg/l 2, 4-D, respectively. Cell suspension culture was established from callus derived from leaf explant culture. When suspended on MS medium with optimal combination of BA and NAA fine nodules were obtained after 2 weeks of culture. For shoot regeneration, nodules were transferred into liquid and agar solidified medium. Numerous shoots were regenerated from nodules of 62-9 on liquid media. Organogenesis was effectively achieved on agar solidified regeneration media containing different concentrations of BA and adenine sulfate. Average numbers of 27 and 24 shoots per nodule were induced from 62-1 and Eco28 clones after 8 weeks of culture, respectively. In addition, somatic embryogenesis also occurred in the same regeneration medium. This procedure can be applied to vegetative propagation, utilization of somaclonal variation, production of secondary metabolite and materials of biotechnology research.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.146-153
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• 2018

Lilium ledebourii Bioss is a wild species of Lilium, which grows naturally in some provinces of Iran. Previous studies on Lilium tissue culture have been linked to direct regeneration and a few studies have been conducted on indirect regeneration, which has been studied under bright conditions. In this study, for the first time in the world, all the stages of indirect regeneration (callus induction, shoot and root induction) have been studied under dark conditions. Callus formation and the regeneration levels of L. Ledebourii Bioss were examined for three replicates in an MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium with different hormonal compositions and by using a factorial experiment in the framework of a completely random plan. For callus initiation, 2,4-D and kinetin hormones were used in five and four levels, respectively, as auxin and cytokinin. Results showed that the highest percentage of the callus was found in $3{\mu}M$ of 2,4-D and $0.5{\mu}M$ of kinetin. In terms of callus wet weight, the highest amount was found in $3{\mu}M$ of 2,4-D and $0.5{\mu}M$ of kinetin. In addition, in terms of diameter, the highest amount was found in $3{\mu}M$ of 2,4-D, and $0.5{\mu}M$ of kinetin. In summary, the 2,4-D hormone had a major impact on the percentage of regeneration increase so that the best response was related to the composition of $3{\mu}M$ of 2,4-D, and $0.1{\mu}M$ of kinetin. This study contended that auxin and cytokinin can induce long shoots and roots through cell elongation in dark condition.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.728-732
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• 2000

Propagation of Anagrapha falcifera nuclear polyhedrosis virus(AfNPV) was investigated using well-plates and split-flow air-lift bioreactors. In well-plate experiments, the effects of pH, cell density at a point of infection, serum concentration, DEAE-dextran, and lipid on virus propagation were all closely examined. The AfNPV titer in well-plates was optimal at pH 6.8 and $3{\times}10^6$ cells/$cm^2$. The virus titer was not dramatically affected when the fetal bovine serum concentration was reduced from 10% to 5%. The addition of cholesterol at AfNPV infection of Sf21 cells enhanced the virus titer, whereas the addition of DEAE-dextran did not improve the titer. The AfNPV titer ($3.8{\times}10^7$ $TCID_{50}/ml$) at optimized conditions for well-plate experiments was 2.5-fold higher than for the control. In bioreactor experiments, the AfNPV titer showed its maximum level at air flow rates of 20-40 ml/min. In a split-flow air-lift bioreactor, AfNPV titer ($2.3{\times}10^7\;TCID_{50}/ml$) was 1.5-fold higher than the control when the culture was at pH 6.8 and supplemented with 0.34 mM cholesterol.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2017

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an important zoonosis caused by the mosquito-transmitted JE virus (JEV), which is a causative agent of reproductive failure in pregnant sows. Detection of JEV antibodies in swine is performed by hemagglutination inhibition (HI), virus neutralization (VN), and the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). The most stringent PRNT is the 90% endpoint PRNT ($PRNT_{90}$). These conventional assays are difficult to carry out in diagnostic laboratories with insufficient instruments or cell culture systems. An alternative assay that is easily conducted and time efficient is required. In this study, we improved the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) with clarified antigen for the detection of JEV antibodies. The I-ELISA results obtained from 175 swine serum samples were compared with HI, VN, and $PRNT_{90}$ results. The sensitivity of I-ELISA was 91.8%, 95.0%, and 94.7% compared with HI, VN, and $PRNT_{90}$ results, respectively. The specificity of I-ELISA was 92.2%, 94.7%, and 94.7% compared with HI, VN, and $PRNT_{90}$ results, respectively. Moreover, the I-ELISA results were significantly correlated with the HI (r = 0.93), VN (r = 0.95), and $PRNT_{90}$ (r = 0.92) results. These results suggest that the improved I-ELISA is useful for serosurveillance of JEV in swine.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1070-1083
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Sanghuangporus sanghuang (SS) has various medicinal effects, including anti-inflammation and anticancer activities. Despite the extensive research on SS, its molecular mechanisms of action on lung cancer are unclear. This study examined the impact of an SS alcohol extract (SAE) on lung cancer using in vitro and in vivo models. MATERIALS/METHODS: Different concentrations of SAE were used to culture lung cancer cells (A549 and H1650). A cell counting kit-8 assay was used to detect the survival ability of A549 and H1650 cells. A scratch assay and transwell cell invasion assay were used to detect the migration rate and invasive ability of SAE. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl2-associated X (Bax), cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinases 4 (CDK4), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3). Lung cancer xenograft mice were used to detect the inhibiting ability of SAE in vivo. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the effect of SAE on the structural changes to the tumor and the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, cyclin D1, CDK4, STAT3, and p-STAT3 in lung cancer xenograft mice. RESULTS: SAE could inhibit lung cancer proliferation significantly in vitro and in vivo without cytotoxicity. SAE suppressed the viability, migration, and invasion of lung cancer cells in a dose and time-dependent manner. The SAE treatment significantly decreased the proapoptotic Bcl-2/Bax ratio and the expression of pro-proliferative proteins Cyclin D1 and CDK4 in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, SAE also inhibited STAT3 expression. CONCLUSIONS: SAE reduced the cell viability and suppressed cell migration and invasion in human lung cancer cells. Moreover, SAE also exhibited anti-proliferation effects in vivo. Therefore, SAE may have benefits in cancer therapy.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.8-18
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• 2020

Red pepper, one of the major economic crops in Korea, is being affected by anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum acutatum. To control this disease, an antagonistic bacterial strain, Bacillus subtilis YGB36 identified by 16S rDNA sequencing, physiological and biochemical analyses is used as a biological control agent. In vitro screening revealed that the strain YGB36 possess strong antifungal activity against the pathogen Cylindrocarpon destructans. The strain exhibited cellulase, protease, amylase, siderophore production and phosphate solubility. In vitro conidial germination of C. acutatum was most drastically inhibited by YGB36 cell suspensions (10⁶ cfu/ml) or culture filtrate. Development of anthracnose symptoms was reduced on detached immature green pepper fruits by treatment with cell suspensions, and its control value was recorded as 65.7%. The YGB36 bacterial suspension treatment enhanced the germination rate of red pepper seeds and promoted root development and growth under greenhouse conditions. The in vitro screening of fungicide and insecticide sensitivity test against YGB36 revealed that the bacterial growth was not affected by any of the insecticides, and 11 fungicides out of 21 used. Collectively, our results clearly suggest that the strain YGB36 is considered as one of the potential biocontrol agents against anthracnose disease in red pepper.