• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.3-12
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• 2014

With the scale of program management getting larger and complexity, More accurate and precise method for management cost estimate is demanded. However, most of project management cost estimates are based on similar cases and hence can not reflect distinct features of each project. Cost estimate precision is also not up to the standards, and also troublesome to policy-making and budget allocation. Therefore, project typical model for cost estimate of Comprehensive Project Management is developed, and makes it easier to manage level of effort and allocate cost by applying characteristic factor of each project. This study categorized the project package by phase; planning, detailed design, and bid procurement, to develop typical model. And by designating specific level of effort required for each field and rank, the study aims to improve the method for calculating the detailed and objective program cost. Outcome of this study will prevent conflicts between client and contractor, accurately calculate program management contract cost for the client, and become a reference for the contractor to receive rational and practical payments for their work.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.347-354
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• 2013

In the recent global construction environment, EPC contracts that integrate planning, design, procurement, and construction have been widely used for industrial facilities. Similarly, as the importance of the engineering capability such as project management consulting(PMC) and front end engineering design(FEED) has been increased, design-build contracts also have been gradually adopted for infrastructure projects. Whereas, the Korean infrastructure industry has fragmentary features which mainly emphasize on the construction sector. Therefore, this study aims at developing strategies for enhancing the engineering capability and for balancing the competitiveness between engineering and construction sectors in the Korean infrastructure industry. To this end, the authors first carried out market analysis for both global and domestic market. Then, a structured survey and expert in-depth interviews were sequentially performed in order to reflect practitioners' perspectives and needs for institutional strategies. As a result, five strategies drawn from this study are as follows: 1) rearranging the government's roles for supporting the engineering sector; 2) establishing institutional bases being compatible with global standards; 3) fostering value-added workforce for undertaking complex tasks; 4) constructing an consortium between an engineering association and general contractors; and 5) building a nationwide collaborative networks for overseas market expansion.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.29-38
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• 2016

The maps produced by the NGII(geographical information institute) are composed of 1/1,000, 1/2,500, 1/5,000 large scale maps, 1/25,000, 1/50,000 and smaller scale maps. 1/1,000 digital map, as the most large-scale digital map made by the NGII, has been constructed with the beginning of NGIS(national geographic information System) Project in 1995. However, 1/1000 digital maps have been not produced by the fundamental survey on the basis of systematic planning at the national level, but a lot of parts have been constructed by the public survey for the purpose of the fiscal year of the local governments. Also, these maps have been not regularly updated because of big budget. In this study, we investigated problems related to the construction status, system, and area, and suggested plans that can improve these problems. As the improvement plan, we proposed a nationwide three regionalization for short-term modification and long-term regular update, reset of core downtown boundaries based on topographical features, diversification of budget execution method and an improved execution system.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.725-740
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• 2003

The National Land Planning and Use Law Act at the beginning of 2002, introduced Land Suitability Assessment System(LSAS) in order to mitigate conflicts between development and conservation needs for land. LSAS is to assess land characteristics according to its physical, locational, and environmental characteristics, and then to classify it into several categories based on its usability. This study aims to review the factors to determine the suitability of the land and their weights. Land suitability is determined by a variety of factors, such as land-surface slope and altitude, the type of land use in neighboring areas, accessibility to public facilities and existing developed areas, and ecological characteristics of the land. This article analyzed these factors and their influences by using the Delphi survey and Analytic Hierarchical Process. One of the most influential factors on the development suitability of land is the distance to developed areas and public facilities. On the other hand, the slope and altitude of the land have comparatively low influences on the land development. The coverage of prime cultivating land of the neighbouring region and slope of the land are analyzed as important factors on the agricultural suitability of the land. The ecological features and the ratio of conservation area in the neighbourhood are counted as the most important factors in determining the land for conservation. This article tested these factors and their weights in assessing land suitability of land as a case study.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.253-291
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• 2009

Expo, as one of the types of convention, is defined as the exhibition of which primary object is the public enlightenment. It displays lots of exhibits from countries around the world created or produced by advanced technologies, but its priority is actually on suggesting value of product, usability and creativity, not on seeking for purchasers of those products. Thus, the world's event Expo can be deemed as the place for educating visitors with various features in both current and future generation in terms of "experience". This study intends to grasp the attributes and elements of the host cities and to look into the formation of city image after being a spectator and the relation for suggesting systematic and rational measures on planning and promoting the Expo. For the foregoing measures, this study suggests effective management measures for Expo spectators by disclosing attributes of host cities, relationship with the formation of city images, and satisfactory relationship among Expo spectators. For achieving the purpose of this study, the relationship between spectators who visited the 'Cheonan 2009 Wellbeing Food Expo' and each element on the basis of the measuring devices deducted through a preparatory research. Based on the results deducted through positive analysis, it intends to expect qualitative improvement of 'Cheonan 2009 Wellbeing Food Expo' and to suggest measures for elevating satisfaction level of Expo spectators by displaying alternative elements for spectators' choice at the Expo and gives continuous suggestion on managing spectators.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.45-55
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• 2020

In terms of environmental justice, urban parks play a pivotal role in imperative amenities allowing for physical activity. The reasonable distribution of urban park services must be considered in terms of community demand and the context of the park. The purpose of this study is to analyze the inequity of qualitative park service according to the socioeconomic status(SES) in Daegu. The qualitative service was assessed for 82 neighborhood and walking-distance parks by utilizing the NGST(Neighborhood Green Space Tool). The inequity was analyzed by SES variables(ratio of basic living recipients, ratio of single-parent families, average housing sales, dilapidated dwelling ratio, and park area per capita). The features of the qualitative equity in Daegu is as follows. First, urban park planning in Daegu is in parallel with the development of residential areas rather than the local policy. The development pattern of parks stretching from center of the city to outskirts clearly dissociates the city based on socioeconomic status. The parks in the center are relatively old and poorly managed. Second, overall neighborhood parks lacked recreational facilities. The facilities are significantly influenced by the housing values around them. The lower the recreation facility score, the higher the floor gradient of the urban parks constraining physical activities. Third, the quantitative supply of parks has nothing to do with the quality of the urban parks. Green space distribution is highly dependent on natural park areas, so the park area per capita cannot be a standard for assessing qualitative equity.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.95-107
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• 2010

Biochemical research was carried out on 4 human skeletal remains from historical lime-layered tombs assigned to the Joseon Dynasty in Oknam-ri, Seocheon. The preservation of femur was evaluated by stereoscopic microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Most of specimens showed good histological preservation. The histological results proved to be a good potentiality for biochemical analysis using bio-molecules. The amelogenin gene and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analyses revealed that three specimens perhaps have maternal consanguinity due to sharing with mtDNA haplogroup D4b1, and two specimens buried in the same tomb were a couple in Gatjaegol site. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis indicated that four deads diet were built around C3 plant as rice, barley, wheat and bean. In this study we characterized genetic and diet features from the social stratum who could make lime-layered tombs during period of the Joseon Dynasty. The results suggest that biochemical research using the human skeletal remains from the Joseon Dynasty has the great potential and reasonable value for archaeology, anthropology, and population genetics.

• Archives of design research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.149-162
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• 1998

This study is what tried to examine the importance of material in industrial design. Then, if planning is to start of product design, the use of material is the last step to complete design. Design material has existed from the time before mankind were born, and the new material which is useful for human beings is developing rapidly. It is no exaggeration to say that our environment is the aggregation of material which was surrounded with us. Then, material has the timely, spatial and cultural feature as well as physical feature. Besides, all sorts of functions of communicating information are being contained in accordance with the character of material. The outside surface of material has the function to develop the sense organ of human beings. This study examines 4 kinds of cultural features in design materials and shown by findings is as follows : Rrst is the technical progressivity to lead new Design form. Second is the symbolic nature to perform the communication function. Third is the sensible attribute to develop surface effect of Design material. Fourth is the future-oriented nature to convince the future such as new material and technology etc. Thus, so as to perform the competitive product design, it is important to grasp the harmony between material and design, structure and processing, and the substantial meaning that the material has and apply them properly, above all. Because the discovery of material will be the measure to forecast future design.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.393-403
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• 2017

Mountain disasters in Korea have caused massive social and economic damage. During the period 2005-2014 there has been an annual average of 7 deaths and disaster recovery costs of 79.8 billion won in the country's 4393 ha of mountainous areas. The primary mountain disasters are landslides on mountain slopes, and secondary debris flows can spread along mountain streams, damaging facilities and settlements in lower areas. Typhoons and local rainfall can cause such disasters, while anthropogenic factors include development that damages the mountainous terrain. The study area was divided into three basins. For each basin, a debris flow vulnerability assessment method was proposed considering FLO-2D analysis results and the local topography, geology, and forestation. To establish an in situ investigation, analysis, and evaluation plan for potential mountain disasters, we selected mountain basins that are potentially vulnerable to mountain disasters through analysis of their mountain slopes and streams. This work suggests the establishment of a comprehensive plan for disaster prevention based on a mountain basin feature.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.41
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• pp.49.1-49.8
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• 2019

Background: The purpose of this study was to review the clinical features of oromaxillofacial infections in patients presenting to a hospital emergency ward, to identify the key factors affecting the requirement for hospitalization, and the potential risk factors predisposing to a prolonged length of hospital stay. Methods: A retrospective medical record review of the 598 patients treated for oromaxillofacial infection from 2013 to 2017 at the oral and maxillofacial surgery department, Yangsan Pusan National University Hospital, was conducted. The following information was collected from each patient: sex, age, past medical history, site of infection, etiology, admission or outpatient care, level of C-reactive protein (mg/dL), fascial spaces involved, treatment method, and duration of hospitalization. Chi-squared tests were used to identify risk factors, which were further analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. Results: A total of 606 patients were eligible for inclusion in the study, of which eight were excluded due to having incomplete charts; thus, 598 patients were included: 55% were male, mean patient age was 47.1 ± 19.9 years, and 12.9% of patients were diabetic. Furthermore, 71.2% of patients had infection originating in the mandible; the most common tooth of origin was lower posterior, and 29.8% of patients were hospitalized. Risk factors for hospital admission were elderly patients with concurrent disease, elevated C-reactive protein level, and multiple-space infection in the oromaxillofacial area. The duration of hospitalization was correlated with both diabetes and age. Conclusions: The requirement for hospital admission is determined by the severity of the infection; even severe infections, once treated with appropriate surgery, have no relation to the length of hospital stay. The important risk factors for increased duration of hospitalization are diabetes mellitus and older age. The understanding of risk factors associated with a prolonged hospital stay during the treatment of oromaxillofacial infection will aid in treatment planning as well as highlight the importance of adequate diabetes control in patients at risk of such infection.