• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.84 no.2
• /
• pp.239-246
• /
• 1995

This research aimed at the contribution to obtaining the scientifical data which were required for planning she environmentally sound and sustainable management, particularly in the field of the logging road construction. Main natural environmental variables including natural vegetation, rainfall, soil runoff were measured in the logging road on-sites and analysed. This project was carried out at the (mt.)Paekunsan Research sorest of Seoul National University, located in Gwangyang, Chollanam-do in southern part of Korea, from 1993 to 1994. 1. The explanatory variables for erosion and sedimentation on logging road surface were accumulated rainfall, erosion distance, cross-sectional gradient, and soil hardness. The erosion and sedimentation on logging road was increasing positively in proportion to the accumulated rainfall, soil distance from starting point of the logging road, and cross-sectional gradient. 2. On cut-slope of logging road, cut-slope shape, part of the slope, plant coverage, soil hardness, sand content, accumulated rainfall, clay content, and silt content were effective factors. Cut-slope erosion and sedimentation on logging roam increased as with the lower plant coverage, the lower accumulated rainfall, the high sand content in the soil. 3. On fill-slope of logging road, there were three significant variables such as total rainfall and number of rainfall-storm. Fill-slope erosion and sedimentation had a positive correlation with the amount of rainfall, the number of rainfall, the soil hardness. 4. The total erosion and sedimentation on logging road were $5.04{\times}10^{-2}m^2/m^2$ in logging road construction year, $7.37{\times}10^{-2}m^2/m^2$ in next year. The erosion and sedimentation on logging road surface were 32.7% of total erosion and sedimentation on Logging road in construction year, and 57.1% in next year, respectively. The erosion and sedimentation on cut-slopes were 30.4% on logging road in construction year, fill-slopes of total erosion and sedimentation and 21.0% in next year, respectively. The erosion and sedimentation on fill-slopes were 36.9% on logging road in construction year, 21.9 in next year. To decrease the erosion and sedimentation at the logging road from the beginning stage of construction, the effective revegetation works should be implemented on the cut-slope and fill slopes, and erosion control measures such as optima. road design must be constructed on read surface.

• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
• /
• 1998.06a
• /
• pp.116-127
• /
• 1998

The Necessity of Cyber University. Within the rapidly changing environment of global economics, the environment of higher education in the universities, also, has been, encountering various changes. Popularization on higher education related to 1lifetime education system, putting emphasis on the productivity of education services and the acquisition of competitiveness through the market of open education, the breakdown of the ivory tower and the Multiversitization of universities, importance of obtaining information in the universities, and cooperation between domestic and oversea universities, industry and educational system must be acquired. Therefore, in order to adequately cope wi th these kinds of rapid changes in the education environment, operating Cyber University by utilizing various information technologies and its fixations such as Internet, E-mail, CD-ROMs, Interact ive Video Networks (Video Conferencing, Video on Demand), TV, Cable etc., which has no time or location limitation, is needed. Using informal ion and telecommunication technologies, especially the Internet is expected to Or ing about many changes in the social, economics and educational area. Among the many changes scholars have predicted, the development and fixations of Distant Learning or Cyber University was the most dominant factor. In the case of U. S. A., Cyber University has already been established and in under operation by the Federate Governments of 13 states. Any other universities (around 500 universities has been opened until1 now), with the help of the government and private citizens have been able to partly operate the Cyber University and is planning on enlarging step-by-step in the future. It could be seen not only as U. S. A. trying to elevate its higher education through their leading information technologies, but also could be seen as their objective in putting efforts on subordinating the culture of the education worldwide. UTRA University in U. S. A., for example, is already exporting its class lectures to China, and Indonesia regions. Influenced by the Cyber University current in the U.S., the Universities in Korea is willing .to arrange various forms of Cyber Universities. In line with this, at JUNAM National University, internet based Cyber University, which has set about its work on July of 1997, is in the state of operating about 100 Cyber Universities. Also, in the case of Hanam University, the Distant Learning classes are at its final stage of being established; this is a link in the rapid speed project of setting an example by the Korean Government. In addition, the department of education has selected 5 universities, including Seoul Cyber Design University for experimentation and is in the stage of strategic operation. Over 100 universities in Korea are speeding up its preparation for operating Cyber University. This form of Distant Learning goes beyond the walls of universities and is in the trend of being diffused in business areas or in various training programs of financial organizations and more. Here, in the hope that this material would some what be of help to other Universities which are preparing for Cyber University, I would 1ike to introduce some general concepts of the components forming Cyber University and Open Education System which has been established by JUNAM University. System of Cyber University could be seen as a general solution offered by tile computer technologies for the management on the students, Lectures On Demand, real hour based and satellite classes, media product ion lab for the production of the multimedia Contents, electronic library, the Groupware enabling exchange of information between students and professors. Arranging general concepts of components in the aspect of Cyber University and Open Education, it would be expressed in the form of the establishment of Cyber University and the service of Open Education as can be seen in the diagram below.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.125-139
• /
• 2012

This paper aims to analyze the employment of graduates majoring in Library and Information Science(LIS) in K University, to identify problems in the employment of those graduates, and to propose approaches to improve employment. Among 178 graduates getting a job for five years from August 2006 to February 2011, 65% of them was employed, 32% was not employed, and 3% continued further study, The 116 graduates employed were analyzed. The results revealed that 40% are full-time employees and 60% are part-time workers. For workplace types, 29% worked in general companies and 16% worked in public libraries. 10% worked in school libraries and college libraries. Those who worked in administrative divisions in colleges or schools comprised 9%. Those who worked in public organizations and publishing companies/bookstores were 6% each. 5% worked in specialized libraries. In the case of duties, 38% were librarians. 30% were engaged in office work. Those in sales/administration were 7%. Tellers/salesperson comprised 7%. 5% worked as teaching assistants and 3% worked in the web or in IT related businesses. Those who worked in private institutes and product planning/design comprised 2% each. Teacher librarians, day care center teachers, secretaries, company newsletter reporters, soldiers and self-employed workers were 1% for each. As a result, the major congruence was around 40%. For the career which the (56) unemployed desired, 57% prepared themselves for employment and 21% prepared for Civil Service Examination. Those who prepared for teacher recruit examination and who weren't confirmed were 11% for each. The problems identified were high unemployment to 32%, higher employment as part-time workers than full-time workers, and major congruence of just around 40%. As the results, the study proposes that the national and local authorities should actively create jobs, make the students majoring in LIS have the opportunity to understand and experience jobs related to information science, develop jobs related to LIS on the academic level and provide guidance to graduates.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.167-175
• /
• 1998

Purpose : It is not a simple task to achieve the ideal isodose curve with a standard vaginal applicator or sing1e plane needle impant in the paravaginal tissue when primary or recurrent gynecological neoplasms(cervical cancers, vaginal cancers and vulvar cancers) are treated as a boost following external beam radiotherapy. The authors introduce the development and construction of a simple, inexpensive, customized applicator for volume implant to maximize the radiation dose to the tumor while minimizing the dose to the rectum and the bladder. Materials and Methods : Nine patients underwent Ir-192 transperineal interstitial implantation for either recurrent(5 cases) or primary(3 cases) cervical cancers or primary vaginal cancer(1 case) between August 1994 and February 1998 at Ajou university hospital. First 3 cases were performed with a sing1e plane implant guided by digital palpation. Because of inadequate isodose coverage in the tumor volume in first 3 cases, we designed and constructed interstitial vaginal applicator for volume implant to improve tumor dose distribution and homogeneity while sparing the surrounding normal tissue. Our applicators consist of vaginal obturator and perineal template that made of the clear acrylamide and dental mold material$(Provil^{(R)})$. The applicators were customized individually according to the tumor size and its location Both HDR and LDR irradiation were given with these applicators accomodating 6 Fr needles(Microselectron Nucletron). The pretreatment planning prior to actual implant was performed whenever possible. Results : Needles can be inserted easily and evenly into the tumor volume through the holes of templates, requiring less efforts and time for the implant procedure. Our applicators made of materials available from commercial vendors. These have an advantage that require easy procedure, and spend relatively short time to construct. Also it was possible to fabricate applicators to individualize according to the tumor size and its location and to achieve the ideal isodose coverage. We found an accurate needle arrangement and ideal dose distribution through the CT scan that was obtained in 3 cases after needle implant. Three patients with primary cervical and vaginal cancers were controlled locally at final follow up. But all recurrent cases failed to do so. Conclusion : The authors introduce inexpensive, simple interstitial vaginal templates which were self-designed and constructed using materials available from commercial vendors such as acrylanide and dental mold material $(Provil^{(R)})$.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.33-42
• /
• 2018

The tropical peatlands have been deforested and converted to agricultural and plantation areas in Indonesia. To manage water levels and increase the overall productivity of crops, canals have been constructed in tropical peatlands. The canals destructed the structure of the tropical peatlands, and increased the subsidence and fire hazard risks in the region. The Indonesian government enacted regulations and a moratorium on tropical peatlands, in order to reduce degradation. A practical method under the regulations of rewetting tropical peatlands was to permit a canal blocking. In this study, four canal blocking projects were investigated regarding their planning, construction priority, design, building material, construction, monitoring, time and costs associated with the canal blockings. In the protected areas, regulations restricted the development of the tropical peatlands areas that were noted as deeper than 3 m, and the administration stopped issuing new concessions for future work projects for this noted criteria of land use. A noted purpose of canal blockings in these areas was to effectuate the restoration of the lands in the region. The main considerations of the restoration efforts were to maintain a durability of the blockings, and to encourage the participation of the area stakeholders. In the case of a concession area, regulations were set into place to restrict clear-cutting and shifting cultivation, and to maintain groundwater level in the tropical peatland. The most significant priorities identified in the canal blocking project were the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the project. Nevertheless, the drainage of tropical peatlands has been continued. On the basis of a literature review on regulations and rewetting methods in tropical peatlands of Indonesia, we discussed the improvements of the regulations, and adequate canal blockings to serve the function to rewet the tropical peatlands in Indonesia. Our results would help establishing an adequate direction and recommended guideline on viable rewetting methods for the restoration of drained tropical peatlands in Southeast Asia.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.44 no.6
• /
• pp.148-161
• /
• 2016

In the case of the government, which plays a pivotal role in the landscape architecture system, the management of positions in landscape architectural organizations is lacking. At the local government level, while public officials for managing landscape architecture are being hired, there are problems and vulnerabilities in both management and system operations as such public officials recruited for positions in landscape architectural services operate under the forestry service. Accordingly, this study analyzed the Korean administrative system of public officials in the landscape architectural service and their satisfaction with the organizational culture and behavior. The aim was to provide practical data for improving the job satisfaction of public officials in landscape architectural service and enhance the status of landscape architecture. First, a survey was conducted regarding current organizational culture/behavior and job adequacy, and differences when compared to different job series with regards to the public officials in the landscape architectural service. The results indicated that job satisfaction of those in landscape architectural service was generally high, but they showed strong centralization, i.e., orders from superiors and limitations on autonomy. Second, an analysis was conducted to improve the organizational culture/behavior and job satisfaction of public officials in the landscape architectural service, and a comparative analysis was conducted on the differences between the analysis result and preceding studies by the Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs(2006). The results indicated that organizational commitment/satisfaction of public officials in the landscape architectural service was relatively low among those who had a great amount of work experience related to forestry. Therefore, it was shown that it is necessary to ensure expertise in landscape architecture. Third, a comprehensive analysis was conducted regarding the influences on "working environment", "legal system" and "job allocation" in regard to public officials in land architectural service. The results indicated that satisfaction in the value system was high when given significance to the job as public officials in land architectural. However, their satisfaction in the land architectural system was low due to the lack of independence in their positions, the vulnerable legal system of land architectural service and low employment rates. Fourth, current public officials in landscape architectural service process tasks such as forestry, architecture, city planning and administration that are not related to their area of expertise. Therefore, an analysis was conducted on whether there is a difference in the job satisfaction of public officials in landscape architectural service according to statistical variables. It was identified that "legal system", "job satisfaction" and "organizational commitment" with regard to public officials in landscape architectural service can be improved through ensuring their expertise. This study suggests the following tasks to further inquire into landscape architecture in general. First, establish an identity of work allocation for public officials in the landscape architectural service, and second, establish an organizational constitution according to the positions in landscape architectural service. Accordingly, it is necessary for interested parties of landscape architecture to devise practical strategies so that such tasks can be converged administratively and reflected in policies.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.135-154
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the trends of HE exam questions through analyzing the examination items for secondary Home Economics(HE) teaching certification from 2002 to 2011. The results of the study were as follows: First, regarding the analysis on pedagogy of HE course, it accounted for 30.9% of the total questions, and recently, it increased to 35%. Regarding the ratio of questions by each evaluation element, 'practice of teaching and learning methods for HE course'(33.2%) had the highest ratio, and 'essence of the education of HE'(3.2%) had the lowest ratio. Second, regarding the analysis on eating habits, it amounted to 17.5% of the total questions, and recently reached 15%. With regard to the ratio of each evaluation element, 'cooking theory and practice'(26.1%) had the highest ratio, and 'culture of eating habits'(3.7%) had the lowest ratio. Third, regarding the analysis on clothing habits, it accounted 15% of the total questions, and recently reached 12.5%. With regard to the ratio of each evaluation element, 'clothing management'(25.1%) and 'production of clothing and living necessaries'(25.1%) had the highest ratio, and 'selection of clothing and self-expression'(3.0%) had the lowest ratio. Fourth, regarding the analysis on housing life, it accounted for 11% of the total questions, and recently reaches 12.5%. With regard to each evaluation element, 'the understanding of housing life culture'(22.5%) had the highest ratio, and 'the understanding of housing interior design'(10.7%) had the lowest ratio. Fifth, regarding the analysis on daily life as a consumer, it accounted for 12.4%, and recently reaches 12.5%. With regard to the ratio of each evaluation element 'management of domestic resources'(34%) had the highest ratio, and 'planning of entire life and domestic welfare'(0%) had the zero ratio. Sixth, regarding the analysis on family life, it accounted for 13.3% of the total questions, and recently reaches 12.5%. With regard to the ratio of each evaluation element, 'the understanding of family and the changes in family'(23.8%) had the highest ratio, and 'marriage and the development of family'(2%) had the lowest ratio.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.24-35
• /
• 2023

Recently, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport presented the '6th Construction Technology Promotion Basic Plan' and 'Smart Construction Revitalization Plan (2022.7.20)'. Off-Site Construction (OSC), which involves construction and production of PC (Precast Concrete) and Modular, etc., has advantages in shortening the construction period, reducing costs, improving quality, reducing construction waste, and reducing safety accidents. However, the construction cost is high compared to the traditional RC construction method, which has hindered its utilization and spread. In this study, OSC utilization was improved. An economic analysis indicator and methodology that can support decision-making in the planning and design stages for multi-unit housing were proposed. The factors used in the economic analysis of OSC (based on the PC method) of apartment houses were reviewed. As for the indicators used in the cost and benefit section, 'Construction Period', 'Disaster Occurrence', 'Waste Generation', and 'Greenhouse gas Emission', which reflect the technical advantages of OSC, were derived. In addition, a scenario analysis was conducted based on actual apartment housing case data for the presented economic analysis indicators and benefit calculation standards. The level of benefit that offsets the difference between the existing RC construction method and the construction cost was reviewed. In future studies, it will be necessary to conduct additional case studies to apply the measurement criteria for detailed indicators and supplement the benefit indicators.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.52 no.2
• /
• pp.20-37
• /
• 2019

Three Inter-Korea summits and a North Korea-USA summit that were previously unexpected provide a basis for an optimistic outlook for the future development of Korean archaeology. While Korean archaeology has witnessed a great advance since the mid-20th century, it also exhibits significant weaknesses in explaining cultural changes in prehistory and the early historical period in the Korean Peninsula due to the paucity of information on archaeological evidence of North Korea. Recent development of favorable conditions for research and excavations of North Korean cultural heritage could be a valuable opportunity for Korean archaeology to overcome the current adversity. Especially, given the expected large-scale SOC industrial project in North Korea, we need to prepare for the systematic research and excavation of archaeological materials. The present essay attempts to provide a suggestion for the joint archaeological expeditions to excavate and manage cultural resources in North Korea based on a critical review of previous salvage excavations in South Korea, such as those conducted before the construction of the Korean rapid transit railway system (KTX). We suggest that professional archaeologists should be included in the project and oversee the planning and design of road and railway constructions and other SOC projects in order to minimize the cost of trial and error processes that were well exemplified by the KTX salvage excavations. The Korean Archaeological Society and North Korean Archaeological Society may organize a common association that will supervise joint archaeological expeditions. Importantly, The Korean Archaeological Society and other related institutions should prepare to build an organization that conducts impending archaeological excavation in North Korea. While we likely face challenges and difficulties during the various stages of archaeological research and excavations in North Korea, only through thorough and systematic preparation can we avoid the destruction of valuable cultural heritage and find an opportunity for the further development of Korean archaeology.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.241-250
• /
• 1999

A field plot experiment was carried out on mixed pasture from October 1995 to October 1997 to examine the effect of weed control as affected by the difference of mixed pasture species, planning with spilt plot design which main plots of 2 treatments (companion crop Italian ryegrass Lolium multiflorum and Kentucky bluegrass Poa pratensis) are divided into subplots of 4 treatments (T1: single companion crop, T2: Tall fescue Festuca arundinasea + Orchardgrass Dactylis glomerata + Ladino clover Trifolium repens, T3 : Perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne + orchardgrass + ladino clover, T4 : orchardgrass + ladino clover). Average 2 year-dry matter yields of companion crops as whole plots, Italian ryegrass and Kentucky bluegrass, were 15,437kg/ha and 14,629kg/ha, respectively and those of T1, T2, T3 and T4 as sub plots were 14,815, 15,407, 14,629 and 15,187kg/ha respectively without statistical1y significant difference(P>0.05). Though there was no significant difference between the dry matter yields of Italian ryegrass and Kentucky bluegrass, as whole plots, at 1st harvest of second year, dry matter yields of T3 and T4, as 4,591kg/ha and 4,816kg/ha respectively, were higher than those of T1, 3,376kg/ha(P<0.05), significantly. There was a significant difference among 2nd year-average DM yields of sub plots(P<0.05), showing highest with T4 15,131kg/ha and least with T1 13,085kg/ha and T3 13,269kg/ha. Italian ryegrass, as the companion crop, was better for the control of weeds in the early spring than Kentucky bluegrass, but reached to the similar botanical composition level with Kentucky bluegrass after summer with rapid decrease of Italian ryegrass. Percentage of Kentucky bluegrass in botanical composition increased slowly, but did'nt become an important factor for the control of weeds at the end of this experiment. Using orchardgrass in mixed pasture such as T2, T3 and T4 made weeds more decreased in mixed pasture than one in single conpanion crop. There was no difference among treatments of whole or sub plots in crude protein contents of pasture taken in this study. Contents of NDF and ADF of companion crop. Italian ryegrass plots harvested in October 1997 were hither than those of Kentucky bluegrass plots(P<0.05). ADF contents of Kentucky blue grass-plots taken in July 1997 has shown to be high significantly as compared to those of Italian ryegrass plots(P<0.01). The results of this study support that the companion crop Italian ryegrass was good for weed controls only in spring of 1st year after sowing and orchardgrass in mixed pastures played good roles for increase of dry matter yield and weed control.