• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.95-105
• /
• 2000

Anisotropy of stiffiness, from extremely small strains to post-failure strains, of isotropically consolidated air-pulviated sands in plane strain compression was studied by using the newly developed instrumentation for small strain measurements. Seven types of sand of the world-wide origins were tested, which have been extensively used for research purposes. Stress-strain relationships for a wide range of strain from about 0.0001% to 10% were obtained with measuring axial and lateral strains locally free from the effects of bedding and membrane penetration errors at the specimen boundaries. It was found that the maximum shear modulus Gmax was irrespective of the angle $\delta$of the $\sigma$1 direction relative to the bedding plane. However, the normalized Gmax was varied with the types of sand. Furthermore, the dependency of the strain and stress level on the stiffness increased as decreased.