• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.580-588
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• 2010

OPB(out-of-plane bending)-induced failure of mooring chain was firstly addressed by CALM (catenary anchor leg mooring)-type offloading buoy, located approximately one mile away from the bow of the Girassol FPSO which was installed offshore area of Angola in September 2001. This study deals with verifying the load transfer mechanism between the first free chain link and connected two chain links inside the chain hawse. OPB moment to angle variation relationships are proposed by extensive parametric study where the used design variables are static friction coefficients, proof test loads, nominal tension forces, chain link diameters, chain link grades and chain link types. The stress ranges due to OPB moments are obtained using nonlinear FEAs (finite element analyses). Final stress ranges are derived considering ones from IPT (in-plane tension) forces. Also a formula for OPB fatigue assessment is briefly introduced.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2017

Split magnetic fluid sealing is a combination of magnetic fluid rotary and plane sealing. Using the theory of equivalent magnetic circuit design as basis, the author theorized the pressure resistance performance of magnetic fluid plane sealing. To determine the pressure resistance of magnetic fluid plane sealing, the author adopted the method of finite element analysis to calculate the magnetic field intensity in the gap between plane sealing structures. The author also analyzed the effect of different sealing gaps, as well as different ratios between the sealing gap and tooth and solt width, on the sealing performance of split magnetic fluid. Results showed that the wider the sealing gap, the lower the sealing performance. Tooth width strongly affects sealing performance; the sealing performance is best when the ratio between tooth width and sealing gap is 2, whereas the sealing performance is poor when the ratio is over 8. The sealing performance is best when the ratio between the solt width and sealing gap is 4, indicating a slight effect on sealing performance when the ratio between the solt width and sealing gap is higher. Theoretical analysis and simulation results provide reference for the performance evaluation of different sealing equipment and estimation of critical pressure at interface failure.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.295-305
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• 2019

The bedding plane has a significant influence on the effect of blasting fragmentation and the overall performance of underground mining. This paper explores the effects of fragmentation of the bedding plane and different angles by using the numerical analysis. ANSYS/LS-DYNA code was used for the implementation of the models. The models include a dynamic compressive and tensile failure which is applied to simulate the fractures generated by the explosion. Firstly, the cracks propagation with the non-bedding plane in the coal with two boreholes detonated simultaneously is calculated and the particle velocity and maximum principal stress at different points from the borehole are also discussed. Secondly, different delay times between the two boreholes are calculated to explore its effects on the propagation of the fractures. The results indicate that the coal around the right borehole is broken more fully and the range of the cracks propagation expanded with the delay time increases. The peak particle velocity decreases first and then increases with the distance from the right borehole increasing. Thirdly, different angles between the bedding plane and the centerline of the two boreholes and the transmission coefficient of stress wave at a bedding plane are considered. The results indicated that with the angles increase, the number of the fractures decreases while the transmission coefficient increases.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
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• pp.775-784
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• 2009

풍화된 엽리는 연장성이 크고 거칠기가 적어서 치명적인 활동면으로 작용할 수 있다. $\bigcirc\bigcirc$ 도로공사 현장에 발생된 대절토 사면의 붕괴는 엽리와 평행한 단층면의 활동에 의한 것으로 후기 풍화에 의해 단층면에 녹니석 점토 성분이 충진 되면서 절취에 의해 변경된 지반환경을 수용치 못하고 갑작스런 붕괴가 발생된 사례이다. 붕괴사면의 안정화 방안을 수립하기 위해서는 내부 엽리구조의 3차원 분포를 정확히 파악하는 것이 매우 중요하였다. 이를 위하여 사면에 격자 형태로 10개의 시추를 수행하였으며, 각 시추공에서 시추공영상촬영을 수행하였고, 그 결과를 15개의 단면에 투영하여 사면 내부에 분포하는 엽리, 절리, 단층의 3차원 배열을 분석하였다. 분석 방법으로는 측정된 시추공의 면구조를 절취면에 투영하기 위하여 개발된 Fracjection을 사용하였다. 투영분석 결과 평면에 투영된 엽리의 구조들은 엽리의 주향이 사면의 좌측으로 가면서 사면 내부로 깊어짐을 보여주고 있어서 사면의 우측에서 붕괴된 지질구조는 현 붕괴면 위치와 사면의 좌측 부분에 또 하나의 쐐기파괴 위험성이 존재함이 조사되었다. 전기한 지질 구조의 3차원 조사자료를 기초로 예상 활동면이 설정되었으며, 그 활동면을 기초로 한계평형 분석을 수행하여 현 사면의 경사 완화와 앵커 및 억지말뚝과 피암터널의 설계방안 등이 검토 되었다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 지반공학적 물성정보가 거의 없는 국내 중소규모 댐의 지진 시 파괴확률을 간편하게 산정할 수 있는 도표를 제시하는 것이다. 기존의 댐의 지진 시 파괴확률을 산정하는 방법 및 절차를 검토하여, 댐의 지반공학적 물성정보와는 상관없이 지진 시 파괴확률이 '0'이 되는 지진파괴확률 영곡선을 댐높이-여유고율 평면에서 쌍곡선의 형태로 결정하였다. 국내 중소규모 댐들의 댐높이-여유고율 분포형태가 지진파괴확률 영곡선과 같이 쌍곡선의 형태를 이루는 것을 확인하여, 다수의 등파괴확률 곡선(seismic failure probability contour)이 댐높이-여유고율 평면에서 일정한 간격의 다수의 쌍곡선들로 표시되는 지진파괴확률 산정 도표를 작성하였다. 작성된 도표는 비교적 관리가 잘 되고, 지반공학적인 정보를 충분히 가진 2개의 중소규모 댐들의 지진 시 파괴 확률 산정에 적용하여, 기존 절차와 방법으로 산정된 결과와 비교하여 적용 타당성을 확인하였다. 향후, 제안된 도표는 중소규모댐의 지진대비 보수보강의 투자 우선순위 등을 고려할 때 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.785-802
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• 2018

In this paper, two different computational methods, called Rayleigh-Ritz and collocation are developed to estimate the ultimate strength of composite plates. Progressive damage behavior of moderately thick composite laminated plates is studied under in-plane compressive load and uniform lateral pressure. The formulations of both methods are based on the concept of the principle of minimum potential energy. First order shear deformation theory and the assumption of large deflections are used to develop the equilibrium equations of laminated plates. Therefore, Newton-Raphson technique will be used to solve the obtained system of nonlinear algebraic equations. In Rayleigh-Ritz method, two degradation models called complete and region degradation models are used to estimate the degradation zone around the failure location. In the second method, a new energy based collocation technique is introduced in which the domain of the plate is discretized into the Legendre-Gauss-Lobatto points. In this new method, in addition to the two previous models, the new model named node degradation model will also be used in which the material properties of the area just around the failed node are reduced. To predict the failure location, Hashin failure criteria have been used and the corresponding material properties of the failed zone are reduced instantaneously. Approximation of the displacement fields is performed by suitable harmonic functions in the Rayleigh-Ritz method and by Legendre basis functions (LBFs) in the second method. Finally, the results will be calculated and discussions will be conducted on the methods.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.332-345
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• 2019

평사투영도에서 불연속면을 대표하는 유일한 점으로 정의되는 최대경사벡터를 해당 면의 경사와 경사방향에 의거하여 형성하였다. 평사투영해석에서 평면의 극점이 대원과 역방향에 제도되는 것에 비해 최대경사벡터는 대원의 최대 경사지점에 위치하여 불연속면의 미끄러짐 방향을 직접 투영도 상에서 지시한다. 투영도 상에서 불연속면의 거동방향을 직접적으로 지시하는 최대경사벡터를 활용하여 평면 및 전도파괴 양상을 직관적으로 확인하였다. 특히 평면 파괴의 경우 블록의 옆면을 형성하는 고 경사 절리의 존재를 확인하여 실제 미끄러짐 블록의 형성가능성을 산정하였다. 또한 사면 방향과 반대방향을 갖는 고경사절리들의 존재를 확인하여 3각형 단면을 갖는 미끄러짐 블록의 형성여부를 판별하고 안전율을 도출하였으며, 4각형 단면을 갖는 가장 취약한 블록의 안전율과 비교분석하였다. 쐐기파괴 경우에는 절리면 교차에 의해 형성되는 쐐기의 기저선 방향이 최대경사벡터 속성을 지니고 있어 쐐기파괴 영역을 평면 및 전도파괴 영역이 제도된 투영도 상에 함께 도시하여 분석을 수행하였다. 특히 쐐기 상부 면을 형성하는 절리를 추출할 수 있어 전체 쐐기형상을 추정하고 역학적 거동분석을 수행하는데 요구되는 쐐기의 기하학적 특성자료를 도출하는 토대를 확립하였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.713-720
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• 2000

The directional response of strength and deformation on the rocks acting by external loads is called by strength and deformability anisotropy, respectively. Peak strength and its failure criteria of anisotro rocks have been studied and reported. Many authors have investigated in detail the behavior of triaxial peak strength of anisotropic rocks(Jaeger 1960, McLamore & Gray 1967, Hoek & Brown 1980, Ramamurthy & Rao 1985). They concluded that the triaxial strength of anisotropic rocks varies according to the inclination of discontinuity in specimens. And, the minimun triaxial strength occurs in the specmen with 60° of inclination angle ; and specimens with 0° or 90° inclination have maximum triaxial strength. Based on the experimental result, the behavior triaxial strength is investigated. The triaxial compression tests due to the angle bedding plane have been conducted and the material constants, 'm' and 's', cohesion and angle of friction and nonlinear strength parameters to fit for the failure criterion were derived from the regression analysis. And, the experimental date are employed to examine three existing failure criteria for peak strength, provided by Jaeger, McLamore and Hoek & Brown and Ramamurthy & Rao. For a shale, the suitability of the failure criteiria of triaxial peak strength for anisotropic rocks is discussed.

• 플랜트 저널
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.62-67
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• 2009

The capability of design and engineering of global EPC companies has long been equalized through past similar construction experiences. Among various key factors in the success of EPC project, the capability of engineering is considered to be the most important factor since the engineering is preceding activities of EPC contract. The failure of engineering may adversely affect the subsequent procurement & construction activities and in turn may cause cost overrun or schedule delay. Therefore, an EPC company needs to continue to improve the engineering capabilities for the success of project. The engineering capabilities can be further improved if the EPC company should prevent recurrence of similar design faults that were previously committed. This study is intended to present how to make the most of the failure examples from previous projects towards a success of project. Failure is but a stepping stone to success. The EPC company can obtain useful lessons from the analysis of past failure examples.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.190-202
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• 2018

Maintaining the integrity of the major equipment in nuclear power plants is critical to the safety of the structures. In particular, the soundness of the piping is a critical matter that is directly linked to the safety of nuclear power plants. Currently, the limit state of the piping design standard is plastic collapse, and the actual pipe failure is leakage due to a penetration crack. Actual pipe failure, however, cannot be applied to the analysis of seismic fragility because it is difficult to quantify. This paper proposes methods of measuring the failure strain and deformation angle, which are necessary for evaluating the quantitative failure criteria of the steel pipe elbow using an image measurement system. Furthermore, the failure strain and deformation angle, which cannot be measured using the conventional sensors, were efficiently measured using the proposed methods.