• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

In the upcoming 21st century, we predict change and development in various aspects. Some fundamental causes of change in housing lifestyles such as the change in family make-up are gradually becoming more and more realistic problems as the society is shifting to the younger generation family make up refer to the rapid increase of the agedpopulation, growth of single households, the drop in the number of family members, the change in the economic situation and technology level, and change in values. The purpose of this research is to, more away from the standardized supply of housing and to approach apartment housing plans in multilateral aspects, compare and analyze the difference between the housing demands of different generations and the influence that the current housing type has on demand forecasting by case studies of Unit Living Space planning that we will utilize the participating design method in which parents and children took part in.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.547-565
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• 2014

This paper investigates the design of a perfect point load actuator based on flat triangular piezoelectric patches. Applying a difference of electric potential between the electrodes of a triangular patch leads to point loads at the tips and distributed moments along the edges of the electrodes. The previously derived analytical expressions of these forces show that they depend on two factors: the width over height (b/l) ratio of the triangle, and the ratio of the in-plane piezoelectric properties ($e_{31}/e_{32}$) of the active layer of the piezoelectric patch. In this paper, it is shown that by a proper choice of b/l and of the piezoelectric properties, the moments can be cancelled, so that if one side of the triangle is clamped, a perfect point load actuation can be achieved. This requires $e_{31}/e_{32}$ to be negative, which imposes the use of interdigitated electrodes instead of continuous ones. The design of two transducers with interdigitated electrodes for perfect point load actuation on a clamped plate is verified with finite element calculations. The first design is based on a full piezoelectric ceramic patch and shows superior actuation performance than the second design based on a piezocomposite patch with a volume fraction of fibres of 86%. The results show that both designs lead to perfect point load actuation while the use of an isotropic PZT patch with continuous electrodes gives significantly different results.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.141-148
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• 1987

방사선 치료의 궁극적인 목적은 정상 조직의 후유증을 최소화하면서 암종의 완전 국소 관해를 도모하는데 있다. 1970년대에 전산화 단층 촬영법이 대두된 후로 환자의 해부학적 정상 조직과 암종의 부위와 침윤 정도를 거의 정확하게 알게 되었고, 표적 암조직에 인체 외부에서 가해지는 방사선의 등선량 곡선을 각 단면에서 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 두경부 종양의 방사선 치료 계획에 있어서 재구성 영상으로 암종과 주위 정상 조직의 상관관계를 삼차원적으로 파악하고 영상 위에서 바로 등 선량 곡선을 볼 수 있으므로 암종에는 관해에 충분한 방사선을 투여하면서 정상 조직 (예, 척수 등)에 가해지는 방사선량을 명확히 알 수 있어 최소한의 선량으로 후유증을 방지할 수 있었다. 이는 축, 종, 횡, 단면의 재구성 영상을 얻어서 이루어질 수 있고 종래의 이차원적인 한 개의 단면에서만 시행하던 치료 계획을 서로 다른 세 개의 단면에서 삼차원적으로 시행함으로서 입체적으로 분포 선량을 추정할 수 있어 두경부 종양 환자의 치료에 더 유익하였다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.48-56
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• 2020

기획단계에서의 공사비 예측은 타당성 분석, 예산 책정, 계획수립 등을 위한 기초정보를 제공한다는 점에서 성공적인 프로젝트 수행을 위한 중요한 요소이다. 본 연구에서는 초기 기획단계의 신한옥 공사비 예측 정확도 향상을 목적으로 전체 공사비 중 가장 많은 비중을 차지하는 목공사는 다양한 조건(구조형식, 지붕형태, 평면형태 등)에 의해 개략 물량을 자동 산출하여 공사비를 예측하고, 이외의 공종은 단위단가식을 적용해 공사비를 예측하는 모델을 제시하였다. 2개의 사례를 대상으로 개략 견적 모델로써의 활용성 및 타당성을 검증하였으며, 총공사비의 오차율은 각각 -4%(사례 1), -6%(사례2)로 나타났다. 이러한 결과값은 초기 기획단계에서 실무활용 가능한 범위에서의 오차를 보였다.

• 지적과 국토정보
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2015

본 연구는 지번주소의 단점을 보완하고 국가지점번호의 효율적인 설치를 위하여 지적삼각(보조점)을 활용하는 방안을 연구하였다. 연구를 위하여 노원구 산악지역에 분포한 지적삼각점 7점을 실험대상으로 선정하고 각각의 점마다 가지고 있는 평면직각좌표를 단일평면직각좌표계(UTM-K)로 변환을 실시하였으며, 변환된 좌표의 정확도를 검증하기 위하여 Network-RTK을 이용하여 단일평면직각좌표로 관측하였다. 검증결과 최대 0.06m의 오차를 나타냈으나, 국가지점번호 검증 등에 관한 규정 제7조 2항에서 규정한 범위 이내로 지적삼각(보조)점을 현지측량을 생략하고 변환만으로 국가지점번호로 활용하기에 만족할 수 있는 성과를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 현지검증측량을 생략할 수 있어 경제적 효율성과 지적삼각(보조)점의 안전한 보전이 가능하다는 결론을 도출하였다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2009

This research grasped the change of bathroom type, the present status for the residents' bathrooms, the level of satisfaction and preference for the residents' bathrooms, along with the plane of large-size apartment. This research aims to contribute to making the bathroom space to be able to satisfy the residents' desires. A total of 115 samples, acquired via internet survey, were analyzed with the statistical computer program SPSS PC+ 15.0 with the bathroom plane analysis. The results of this research are as follows. 1) As the results of the most representative plane, were divided into total 4 bathroom types, public bathrooms were $3.9-5.29m^2$ couple bathrooms were over than $3.17-8.3m^2$ in the average bathroom area, and there were two in less than $199m^2$ and even three in more than $199m^2$ in the number of bathrooms. 2) Three bathrooms were preferred by the residents who have three bathrooms now and by the younger generation though two bathrooms were preferred by most residents in the bathroom number. Most of the public bathrooms and couple bathrooms were considered to be proper in the bathroom area. 3) The preferred types were different according to each brand in the preference of the bathroom form. This means that to present a new plane figure including various bathroom forms is recommended in planning the bathroom space hereafter, that the bathroom spaces are changing. 4) In the bathroom environment, to present the technical solution through the study for the natural lighting and the sound arresting is required. This research hopes that the results of this research will be able to be used as the basic data to provide the bathroom space equipped with a pleasant environment condition to the residents.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.3-14
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• 2018

The aim of this study is to propose a method for calculating the weight of walking energy in ERAM model by calculating it for the analysis of vertical and horizontal spaces in a building. Conventional theories on the space analysis in the field of architectural planning predict the pedestrian volume of network spaces in urban street or in two-dimensional plane within a building, however, for vertical and horizontal spaces in a building, estimates of the pedestrian volume by those theories are limited. Because in the spatial syntax and ERAM model have been applied weights such as the spatial depth, adjacent angles, and physical distances available only to the two-dimensional same layer or plane. Therefore, the following basic assumptions and analysis conditions in this study were established for deriving a predictor of pedestrian volume in vertical and horizontal spaces of a building. The basic premise of space analysis is not to address the relationship between the pedestrian volume and the spatial structure itself but to the properties of spatial structure connection that human beings experience. The analysis conditions in three-dimensional spaces are as follows : 1) Measurement units should be standardized on the same scale, and 2) The connection characteristics between spaces should influence the accessibility of human beings. In this regard, a factor of walking energy has the attributes to analyze the connection of vertical and horizontal spaces and satisfies the analysis conditions presented in this study. This study has two implications. First, this study has shown how to quantitatively calculate the walking energy after a factor of walking energy was derived to predict the pedestrian volume in vertical and horizontal spaces. Second, the method of calculating the walking energy can be applied to the weights of the ERAM model, which provided the theoretical basis for future studies to predict the pedestrian volume of vertical and horizontal spaces in a building.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.29-41
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• 2022

Objective: Condylar resorption (CR) is one of the major post-surgical complications of orthognathic surgery. This systematic review (SR) aimed to evaluate epidemiological data, risk factors, and therapeutical management of CR. Methods: Six databases were screened by two investigators until September 2020 to obtain all SRs. After reading the titles and abstracts, eligible SRs were determined and data extraction was performed. Using the latest version of A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews, the methodological quality of the included SRs was determined. Results: Ten SRs with low or critically-low methodological quality were included in this review. Mandibular hypoplasia on the sagittal plane and hyperdivergent growth pattern on the vertical plane were the most common skeletal alterations in which CR could occur after orthognathic surgery. Post-operative condylar changes were analyzed both on two-dimensional and three-dimensional (3D) radiographic examinations. The incidence of CR was not related to the fixation method. Based on the severity of the pathological conditions, management of CR can include conservative or surgical therapy. Conclusions: Despite the limited evidence in literature, CR is considered a consequence of orthognathic surgery. However, an accurate diagnosis of CR and a better orthognathic surgical planning must include 3D radiographic examinations to improve pre- and post-surgical comparison. Well-designed studies with long-term follow-up and 3D data are needed to clarify the findings of this analysis..

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.120-125
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• 2013

본 논문에서 우리는 워게임에서 가상군의 행위를 결정하는 목표지향행위계획방법과 상황변동 시 상황에 따라서 새로운 계획을 시행하는 재 계획방법에 대하여 제안한다. 이러한 행위계획 방법은 기존의 유한상태기계(Finite State Machine)를 이용한 행위결정 방법보다 유연하고 다양한 상황을 보다 현실적으로 묘사할 수 있기 때문에 풍부한 표현력을 제공할 수 있다. 따라서 가상군의 행위를 실제 군인과 유사한 수준으로 모사할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 다만, 유한상태기계처럼 결정적이지 않기 때문에 가상군의 행위결정 과정을 분석하거나 의도적으로 특정한 행위를 수행하도록 하는 데에 있어서는 어려움이 따른다. 우리는 본 논문에서 제안한 방법을 공군 전투비행기 모델에 적용하여 그 가능성을 살펴보았다. 그 결과 실제 군인이 상황에 대처하는 것과 유사하게 행위를 결정하는 것을 확인하였다. 본 논문에서는 본 논문에서 제안한 행위계획 방법과 실험결과 그리고 향후 연구과제에 대하여 설명한다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.9-20
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• 2008

The residential environment is a place which reflects the gradual evolution of human consciousness because it is a cultural space the term, 'houses' is not relevant in this context as it literally means 'contains'. The long history of human living habits cannot be 'contained' within a space, but can be 'expressed' by a space and by the way the space is used. Furthermore, due to the way it is typically constructed, the basic characteristics of the house usually cannot be rapidly changed to accommodate new habits. However, recent changes that have taken place to the characteristics of the traditional master room suggest that traditional societal values associated with patriarchy have diminished. The current trend where priority is given to children's education also affects such a change. Existing researches related to the master room is confined to the behavioral use of the space and the composition of the physical space, while research on the master room its plane type has not been carried out. Therefore, in this study, apartment model houses are selected, and are classified according to the types of master room. An analysis is then carried out of the master room based on the occupants' requirements in terms of consciousness. Any planning modifications where required are then suggested. This research comprises the followings stages. First, an examination is carried out of existing research on the master room in order to understand its background and spatial components. A definitiones of related terms is also provided. Second, an analysis is carried out of the model houses exhibited at Suwan District, examining the typical standard that has been selected for the master room. Third, an analysis is conducted of the topics and questions to be selected for a questionnaire. Fourth, an analysis is carried out of the consciousness, satisfaction and requirements of the residents, as respondents in the questionnaire, related to the master room. and Research is then conducted of the architectural methods for planning the master room. Finally, future countermeasures for planning the master room are described based on the above analysis and research findings.