• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.187-197
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• 2017

과도한 수직피개를 가진 과개교합 환자에서 안정적인 유지접촉이 없는 경우 연조직 외상, 치질 파괴, 대합치 정출의 문제가 일어날 수 있고 이는 결과적으로 교합평면의 붕괴와 기능적, 심미적 문제로 이어진다. 치아의 상실과 마모가 발생된 환자에 대한 치료계획 수립 시 올바른 교합수직고경 설정을 통해 환자의 안정적인 악간관계를 회복시켜야 한다. 본 증례는 중심위에서 극심한 면 대 면 접촉이 발생된, 편측 구치부가 상실된 과개교합 환자에게 수직고경 증가를 동반한 완전구강회복술을 시행한 증례를 보고하였다. 보철수복 공간 확보를 위해 수직고경증가를 동반한 완전구강회복술로 안정적인 교합관계와 조화로운 전방, 측방유도를 얻어 환자의 기능적, 심미적 문제를 해결할 수 있었다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.146-153
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the type of extended-balcony floor plan which has been reflected as a various forms after making amendment to the apartment extended-balcony legislation on December 2005 and to understand the design tendency of housing unit plan and the characteristic of living space planning by the type of size(pyeong) and extension. The objects of analysis and the plans are 333 example(235 of $84m^2$, 98 of $59m^2$) from the LH corporation competition. The design tendency of balcony space after extension is as follows; First, a type of extension for simple area to increase the area of room adjacent to balcony through balcony extension. Second, a type of functional reinforcement for private room to separate the mixed function followed by strengthening the individual function of the private room. Third, a type of ${\alpha}$-room to play new functions as hobby room, study room, soho-type room with working from home by extending balcony. Fourth, a integrated type to increase flexible efficiency of bed room, living room and kitchen by integrating extended-balcony from the flexible plan. Along with the evaluation of living style through user's environment-behavior research and the counterplan for evacuation space, indoor thermal environment and space for fulfilling the original function of balcony should be proposed in the future study.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.51-56
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• 1996

This paper deals with the restoration of ancient wooden bridge foundation which excavated in Seta river Shiga Prefecture, Japan. Shiga Archeological Research started a marine archeological investigation of the bridge foundation in 1987. The bridge foundation stricture excavated and have since then recovered about a lots of woods and another materials. The bridge foundation structure constructed log, timbers and stones. The species of those waterlogged wood were identified as two types, hardwood and softwood. Hardwood(log : Cyclobalanopsis) was used for below foundation and softwood (timber' Chamaecyparis obtusa Endl. Cupreessaceae) was used for base structure. One of those timber sample dated by dendrochronology, we asked Dr. Misutani*. The softwood gave a felling date of 567 A.D. In result, the ancient Seta bridge foundation structure had constructed between Asuka and Nara period. We healed the news that ancient bridge foundation excavated at Woljyongyo site in Kyongju, Korea 1987. The bridge foundation Setakarahashi is similar in plane and structure to Woljyongyo structures. The Woljyongyo site report had be of value for reference. We had planning to restore those woods. Hardwood log was got serious damage. The water content varies from 400 to $600\%$. The other timbers water content varies about $200\%$. In the Shiga Center for Archaeological Operations and the Azuchi Castle Archaeological Museum, we set up the PEG impregnation tank. Those wooden objects treated by PEG method. PEG with a molecular weight of 4000. The treatment results may be considered satisfactory. The ancient wooden Seta bridge was reconstructed in Biwako Museum which established in Oct. 1996. We must take care of indoor exhibition environments. (*Nara National Cultual Properties Research Institute).

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the structure and use change of the private space according to the balcony expansion and use it as the data of plan design. According to Bay, front length/width ratio and the change of balcony space before and after expansion of space organization of house units were analyzed. Common characteristics of Flat type and Tower type are an increase of the frontage length of house units in an apartment, an increase of the number of front bay, and an increase of integrated LDK focusing on living room. A difference is that Flat type shows high frontage ratio, Bay figure, and spatial arrangement favorable to front openness and lighting. Flat type shows higher area distribution than Tower type in LDK area distribution located in at the plane center. Spatial expandability and visual openness of Flat type are more beneficial than those of Tower type in the planning, and a balcony extension of house units has developed to direction to open more. Tower type creates various block images through a combination of house units focusing on the core. Uses after balcony expansion are area expansion of a balcony-neighboring room, storage space, expansion and function improvement of the variable range, and specialized space different from a neighboring room. In addition, there is no escapable space except for a shelter, so unit plan should be prepared to prevent using it other space of a shelter and to solve moving line of two-way horizontal refuge and vertical refuge.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.356-363
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• 2016

Objective: The additional arch length required for leveling (AALL) the curve of Spee (COS) can be estimated by subtracting the two-dimensional (2D) arch circumference, which is the projection of the three-dimensional (3D) arch circumference onto the occlusal plane, from the 3D arch circumference, which represents the arch length after leveling the COS. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the cusp tips or proximal maximum convexities are more appropriate reference points for estimating the AALL. Methods: Sixteen model setups of the mandibular arch with COS depths ranging from 0 mm to 4.7 mm were constructed using digital simulation. Arch circumferences in 2D and 3D were measured from the cusp tips and proximal maximum convexities and used to calculate the AALL. The values obtained using the two reference points were compared with the paired t -test. Results: Although the 3D arch circumference should be constant regardless of the COS depth, it decreased by 3.8 mm in cusp tip measurements and by 0.4 mm in proximal maximum convexity measurements as the COS deepened to 4.7 mm. AALL values calculated using the cusp tips as reference points were significantly smaller than those calculated using the proximal maximum convexities (p = 0.002). Conclusions: The AALL is underestimated when the cusp tips are used as measurement reference points; the AALL can be measured more accurately using the proximal maximum convexities.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2002

The facial patterns were expressed by the interrelation of variable factors such as heredity, function and environment. Such variable factors have an effect on the growth and development of maxillofacial bones. The malocclusions with skeletal discrepancies are caused by abnormal forms, sizes and positions of cranial base, maxilla and mandible. For the proper diagnosis and treatment planning, the analysis of such structures is necessary. Lateral cephalograms of 54 adults with class III malocclusion patients (test group) and 61 adults with normal occlusion (control group) were analyzed. Anteroposterior relations and sizes of cranial base, maxilla, mandible were estimated to compare with those of normal ones. In test group, the anterior cranial base length was within normal range, but posterior cranial base, maxilla and mandibular body were longer than those in control group, significantly. Based on the cranial base, the location of maxilla in test group was normal, but the location of mandible was more anterior than that in control. Based on the maxilla, the location of mandible was more anterior in test group than that in control. Both mandibular body and ramus anteroposterior lengths in test group were larger than those in control. Both mandibular plane angle and upper gonial angle were within normal range, but lower gonial angle was significantly high in test group.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2017

This study was designed to measure transit dose with an electronic portal imaging device (EPID) in eight patients treated with intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), and to verify the accuracy of dose delivery to patients. The calculated dose map of the treatment planning system (TPS) was compared with the EPID based dose measured on the same plane with a gamma index method. The plan for each patient was verified prior to treatment with a diode array (MapCHECK) and portal dose image prediction (PDIP). To simulate possible patient positioning errors during treatment, outcomes were evaluated after an anthropomorphic phantom was displaced 5 and 10 mm in various directions. Based on 3%/3 mm criteria, the $mean{\pm}SD$ passing rates of MapCHECK, PDIP (pre-treatment QA) for 47 IMRT were $99.8{\pm}0.1%$, $99.0{\pm}0.7%$, and, respectively. Besides, passing rates using transit dosimetry was $90.0{\pm}1.5%$ for the same condition. Setup errors of 5 and 10 mm reduced the mean passing rates by 1.3% and 3.0% (inferior to superior), 2.2% and 4.3% (superior to inferior), 5.9% and 10.9% (left to right), and 8.9% and 16.3% (right to left), respectively. These findings suggest that the transit dose-based IMRT verification method using EPID, in which the transit dose from patients is compared with the dose map calculated from the TPS, may be useful in verifying various errors including setup and/or patient positioning error, inhomogeneity and target motions.

• 암석학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.180-190
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• 2005

경상남도 합천군에 건설 중인 도로사면에 당초 설계와는 다른 암질 및 불연속면이 분포하고 있다. 따라서 당초 설계와는 달리 소규모 산사태가 발생되어 정상적인 공사추진에 애로사항이 있으므로, 현장조사 및 실내작업을 통하여 지정된 사면에 대한 전체적인 지질공학적인 분석을 하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 이를 위해 측량, 슈미트해머(Schimidt Hammer) 시험, 불연속면 조사를 시행하였고 실내에서 DIPS 프로그램을 이용하여 사면의 안정성을 분석하였다. 분석결과, 평면, 전도 및 쐐기파괴의 가능성이 있으며 용출수가 집중되는 곳이 있으므로 이에 대한 보강 공사가 요구되고 있다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.122-131
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• 2015

Recently, starting with the deep underground road construction plan in Seobu Expressway, Korea, there area many studies on deep underground roads to be newly built. However, there is an extreme lack of safety standards, which does not consider traffic conditions and road driving characteristics. Therefore, this study reviewed safety elements to reflect in the deep underground road planning by analyzing driving stability of longitudinal tunnels with road environments, which resemble deep underground roads. For comprehensive analysis, the characteristics and causes of the accidents that have occurred in seven longitudinal tunnels with a length of 2km or over in Gangwon area, were collected. Specifically, geometric structures and facilities of each tunnel were investigated. Also, the present state of facility installation and the changes in driving speed of vehicles passing through each tunnel were observed to analyze the causes for the traffic accidents in each tunnel and accident reduction alternatives. It was revealed that the most frequent accidents in the tunnels resulted from the changes of traffic flow due to the abrupt speed reduction of forward vehicles, or the failure in speed control of following vehicles during the traffic congestion situation. Moreover, installing facilities such as plane and longitudinal curves, median strips and marginal strips seem to induce consistent driving speed. These results mean that for accident prevention, speed management must be preceded and there is a need to develop and introduce safety facilities actively to control the driving flow of forward and following vehicles.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

The research aims at providing data needed for planning the lighting of a study room by comparing the lighting environments of study rooms for urban and rural juveniles. The subject of the research was 300 students in middle schools in Daegu and Checngdo-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do (Daegu 150 houses and Cheongdo 150 houses), and their study rooms were examined. The following is the result of the research. First, rural students stayed more time in their study room than urban students. The task that rural students (studying) and urban students (studying and using computer) all did in their study room was mainly visual work Second, although the sizes of rural study rooms were bigger than those of urban study rooms, urban study rooms had more light sources than rural study rooms. In the rate that of having a task lighting, the city(87.1[%]) was higher than the country (45.7[%]). However, the rate of using a task lighting was lot high in both the city and the country. Third, the result that compared the average values of illuminations on desk planes was that the average value of the city was 3.4 times higher than that of the country. Also, the average value of the country did not meet the standard illumination of Korean industrial standards (KS). In particular, it did not reach the lowest standard. The result is related with that only 52[%] of students who had a task lighting used it. Finally, the satisfaction of lighting environment in the city was generally higher than the country. Especially, although the country had a low illumination, the user showed a high satisfaction. It indicates that people living in the country need to understand about the needs of illumination.