• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.187-190
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate using behavior and spatial composition of activity room in skilled nursing facilities for the elderly and to provide basic information about its space planning. The design guidelines for activity room were as follows. First, the plan of activity room is based on the use of once to twice per week and for 30 minutes per use, and is mainly for the human knowledge and art programs. Second, all cases of the same and different floor of the individual room could be considered as its location. Third, the area is recommended at least more than 6 square meters per person including participating elderly, staff, furniture, equipments and restroom. Fourth, the furniture of activity room include the shelves, table for at least 8 persons with enough knee space, wheel, and stack chairs. Toilets and water closet should be arranged for the emergency, and the windows to the hall and curtain door need to be avoided for soundproofs and easy accessibility of wheelchair users.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.1117-1127
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• 2018

This study was carried out to gather basic data for the purpose of proposing a plan to improve the water quality and conserve the aquatic ecosystem of the Singu Agricultural Reservoir in Korea. The water quality, sediment composition, benthic macroinvertebrate distribution, and fish distribution in the Singu Reservoir were analyzed; the reservoir is located close to farmlands, forests, villages, and livestock breeding areas. The results of the water quality analysis are as follows: 5.8~7.8 mg/L for dissolved oxygen, 13.1~20.7 mg/L for chemical oxygen demand, 14.4~18.8 mg/L for suspended solid, 0.96~1.70 mg/L for total nitrogen, 0.07~0.11 mg/L for total phosphorous, and $41.9{\sim}49.8{\mu}g/L$ for $chlorophyll-{\alpha}$. In total, 75 benthic macroinvertebrate specimens belonging to 4 classes, 7 orders, 14 families, and 17 species were recorded. The ecological scores of the benthic macroinvertebrate communities ranged from 11 to 23. Fish specimens recorded belonged to two families and four species. The dominant fish species were Carassius auratus and Pseudorasbora parva, both of which are water-pollutant tolerant species.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.21-30
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to present the direction of the new space plan by reflecting the opinions of the user (student) in the existing standardized elementary school space planning. The purpose of this study is to investigate the activities of elementary school students by using socio - spatial network analysis method and to propose the direction of new elementary school space planning through the results. We analyzed the results of each centrality by using the analysis of closeness analysis, betweeness analysis, girvan-newman clustering, and concor analysis. The results of this study are as follows. First, it should be planned to use the classroom and the special room as one area by utilizing the corridor. Second, it should be planned that the outdoor space and the indoor space are closely related to each other by utilizing the hall, the lobby and the classroom. Third, the school should create a small space where physical activity is possible in an indoor space of the school. In order to improve the standardized elementary school space, this study proposes a method to reflect the opinions of the users in the school planning stage.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.73-80
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to present the direction of the plan to transform the residential complex into a space that can provide an open residential environment that can lead to social communication and exchange without being closed to the urban residential environment, especially in the apartment complex environment, which is becoming more dense. As a result of the Openness analysis of the 'Codan Shinonome Canal Court', the overall accessibility was good in terms of space utilization, and the openness was low in terms of the spatial composition, which is a physical environment due to the dense block type. When looking at the overall openness of the Codan Sinonome complex in terms of analysis by block, the corrected openness index (C.O.I) for all six blocks was 0.245, the corrected accessibility index (C.A.I) was 1.447 and the openness composite index (O.C.I) was assessed at 1.692. This was due to the formation of high-density block-type urban dwellings and the introduction of S-shaped streets and the layout of low-rise urban support facilities and commercial facilities. The Codan Sinonome Canal Court, which is considered an "open city residence," quantitatively confirmed that it embodies macro-space structure and human-scale space environment even in high-precision environments.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.27-34
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• 2022

This study aimed to elucidate the architectural characteristics of the cathedral architecture of the Archdiocese of Gwangju, which was completed in the period of liberation and turbulence, and the conclusions are as follows. Gwangju Archdiocese Cathedral, completed during the period of liberation and turbulence, was built with some assistance from the U.S. military or with the efforts of the faithful, and there are a number of factors such as space directing by Aps, the development of a simplified bell tower, the appearance of a stone cathedral, the application of a quenset structure, and an increase in size. show special features The indented apse appears only after liberation, and is a characteristic that appears prominently in stone churches. The simplified form in which the bell was hung by raising the outer wall appeared in the early church shows a change in the composition with a porch in front. The stone church and the quanset-structured church only appeared after liberation and were built only in the 1950s. The size of the cathedral reflects the increase in the number of believers after the Korean War, and the average area is about 1.5 times higher than before liberation. When considering the spacing of the bays as a module, the size plan followed the implicit norm of early cathedral architecture of 36.5m, but gradually decreased to 2.7m and 2.4m.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.137-152
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine changes in serving frequency of elementary school meal before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Number of menus provided in June and July of 2019 and 2020 were compared for 300 elementary schools in Korea. As a result, the serving frequency of la carte and dessert was increased after COVID-19. In addition, frequencies of main dishes such as pork cutlet, chicken, sweet and sour pork, hamburger steak, and so on using processed food were increased after COVID-19. Because of the longer serving time due to staggered serving, cook's working time for serving meals became longer. Therefore, it was judged that the number of servings of processed food was increased rather than the menu with a large amount of preprocessing work. Moreover, among desserts, fruits showed increased serving frequency. Serving frequencies for juice and dairy products were also increased. However, increased servings of juice and dairy products could increase sugar intake. Thus, a careful plan for menu composition is needed to provide balanced nutrients to students under emergency situations such as an infectious disease.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.214-219
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• 2023

Considering the case in the United States where most nuclear power plants with an initial design life of 40 years continue to operate until 60 or 80 years after undergoing material soundness evaluation, it is time to plan a more robust long-term operation strategy for nuclear power plants in Korea. There are some reports that SRO/LRO might be formed when Alloy 690 is heat treated for 10,000 hours to 100,000 hours at 360 to 450 ℃. The possibility of LRO formation in Alloy 690 steam generator tubings of Kori nuclear power plant unit 1 (Kori-1) was investigated using existing research papers. The mechanism in which SRO/LRO occurred was also surveyed. Alloy 690 was found to be more likely to cause ordering than Alloy 600 in terms of alloy composition. The ordering could be evaluated through changes in material properties. However, it is difficult to evaluate it from a microstructural point of view. The likelihood of LRO in Alloy 690 of the Kori-1 plant operated at 320 ℃ for 19 years seemed to be low in terms of time and exposure temperature.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2021.11a
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• pp.202-203
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• 2021

The proportion of old buildings over 30 years old increased from 29.0% in 2005 to 37.8% in 2019. These old buildings were created during the absence of building-related safety standards such as fire safety performance. In the process of use, illegal changes and extensions were made, making them more vulnerable to safety. In the 1st Basic Plan for Fire Safety Policy, among the 12-Key Tasks, one is to ensure the safety of residential living spaces. Fire safety investigations are being conducted to prevent large-scale disasters such as multi-use buildings, but no investigation has been conducted at the regional district level where small-scale old buildings are concentrated. Therefore, in order to derive fire risk factors in the old building district where old buildings are concentrated, the composition characteristics of the buildings were first analyzed.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.159-172
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to explore a collaborative start-up space(Co-Space) configuration plan in terms of university-regional linkage through demand analysis on the composition of university-regional linkage startup space. To this end, a survey was conducted for request analysis, and the collected data were analyzed through the t-test, The Lotus for Focus model. In addition, FGI was implemented for entrepreneurs, and the direction of the composition of the university-region Co-Space was derived from various aspects. The results of this study are as follows. First, as a result of the analysis of the necessity of university-community Co-Space, the necessity of opening up the start-up space recognized by local residents and the necessity of building the start-up space in the region were high. In addition, men recognized the need to build a space for start-ups in the community more highly than women did women. Second, as a result of analysis of demands for university-regional Co-Space, the difference between current importance and future necessity of university-regional Co-Space was statistically significant. Third, as a result of analysis on the composition of the startup space by cooperation between universities and regions, different demands were made for composition of the startup space considering openness and closeness, and for composition of the startup space size. The implications of the study are as follows. First, Co-Spaces need to be constructed in conjunction with universities in accordance with the demands of start-up companies in the region by stage of development. Second, it is necessary to organize a customized Co-Space that takes into account the size and operation of the start-up space. Third, it is necessary to establish an experience-based open space for local residents in the remaining space of the university. Fourth, it is necessary to establish a Co-Space that enables an organic network between local communities, start-up investment companies, start-up support institutions, and start-up companies. This study is significant in that it proposed the regional startup ecosystem and the cooperative start-up space structure for strengthening start-up sustainability through cooperation between universities and local communities. The results of this study are expected to be used as useful basic data for Co-Space construction to build a regional start-up ecosystem in a trend emphasizing the importance of start-up space, which is a major factor affecting start-up companies.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.239-282
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• 2019

The importance of ADR(Alternative Dispute Resolution), which has the advantage of expertise, speed and neutrality due to the increase of arbitration cases due to domestic and foreign construction disputes, has emerged. Therefore, in order for the nation's arbitration system and the arbitration Organization to jump into the ranks of advanced international mediators, it is necessary to research the characteristics and advantages of these arbitration Organization through a study of prior domestic and foreign research and operation of international arbitration Organization. As a problem, First, education for the efficient promotion of arbitrators (compulsory education, maintenance education, specialized education, seminars, etc.). second, The effectiveness of arbitration in resolving construction disputes (hearing methods, composition of the tribunal, and speed). third, The issue of flexibility and diversity of arbitration solutions (the real problem of methodologies such as mediation and arbitration) needs to be drawn on the Arbitration laws and practical problems, such as laws, rules and guidelines. Therefore, Identify the problems presented in the preceding literature and diagnosis of the defects and problems of the KCAB by drawing features and benefits from the arbitration system operated by the international arbitration Institution. As an improvement, the results of an empirical analysis are derived for "arbitrator" simultaneously through a recognition survey. As a method of improvement, First, as an optimal combination of arbitration hearing and judgment in the settlement of construction disputes,(to improve speed). (1) A plan to improve the composition of the audit department according to the complexity, specificity, and magnification of the arbitration cases - (1)Methods to cope with the increased role of the non-lawyer(Specialist, technical expert). (2)Securing technical mediators for each specialized expert according to the large and special corporation arbitration cases. (2) Improving the method of writing by area of the arbitration guidelines, second, Introduction of the intensive hearing system for psychological efficiency and the institutional improvement plan (1) Problems of optimizing the arbitration decision hearing procedure and resolution of arbitration, and (2) Problems of the management of technical arbitrators of arbitration tribunals. (1)A plan to expand hearing work of technical arbitrator(Review on the introduction of the Assistant System as a member of the arbitration tribunals). (2)Improved use of alternative appraisers by tribunals(cost analysis and utilization of the specialized institution for calculating construction costs), Direct management of technical arbitrators : A Study on the Improvement of the Assessment Reliability of the Appraisal and the Appraisal Period. third, Improvement of expert committee system and new method, (1) Creating a non-executive technical committee : Special technology affairs, etc.(Major, supports pre-qualification of special events and coordinating work between parties). (2) Expanding the standing committee.(Added expert technicians : important, special, large affairs / pre-consultations, pre-coordination and mediation-arbitration). This has been shown to be an improvement. In addition, institutional differentiation to enhance the flexibility and diversity of arbitration. In addition, as an institutional differentiation to enhance the flexibility and diversity of arbitration, First, The options for "Med-Arb", "Arb-Med" and "Arb-Med-Arb" are selected. second, By revising the Agreement Act [Article 28, 2 (Agreement on Dispute Resolution)], which is to be amended by the National Parties, the revision of the arbitration settlement clause under the Act, to expand the method to resolve arbitration. third, 2017.6.28. Measures to strengthen the status role and activities of expert technical arbitrators under enforcement, such as the Act on Promotion of Interestments Industry and the Information of Enforcement Decree. Fourth, a measure to increase the role of expert technical Arbitrators by enacting laws on the promotion of the arbitration industry is needed. Especially, the establishment of the Act on Promotion of Intermediation Industry should be established as an international arbitration agency for the arbitration system. Therefore, it proposes a study of improvement and differentiation measures in the details and a policy, legal and institutional improvement and legislation.