• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.97-115
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to investigate the spatial pattern of retail services and the consumer behaviors. For the purpose we select Jeju Island as the study area, because it retains relatively little distorted retail service systems by it's locational isolation. The retail service systems comprise three types: large-scale modern marts, conventional markets, and periodic markets. This study attempts to examine the interrelationships between these three different types, of retail services, and to figure out the spatial characteristics of consumer behaviors for each of them. We performed questionnaire surveys for getting the data of consumer behaviors. We applied several statistical methods to analyze the survey data. Most of retail services are located in two urban centers, Jeju City and Seoguipo City. We found that the locations of retail services are determined strongly by population size. The selection of market type and the location to go for shopping are related strongly with the types of goods. However, there is a wide difference in the consumer behaviors according to the consumer's socio-economic characteristics. Young wives tend to go shopping to large-scale marts in Jeju City which is the higher level central place, while old wives go shopping to conventional markets and periodic markets. They also show different shopping behaviors according to the household income levels. Low income groups prefer to go conventional markets located near to their residence, middle income groups go to large-scale marts in Jeju, and high income group go out of the Jeju Island. However, the consumer behavior does not show big difference according to the size of family. There are also no difference in the selection for shopping location according to the consumer's resident locations.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.88-96
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• 2000

The objective of this study is to evaluate the preference and visual characteristic of users according to the location of benches at urban community parks. The types of benches are separated into four patterns and located in four representative places at urban community parks. Each relations between visual preference and adjective related factors are calibrated by the estimated results of Pearson correlation coefficient. Moreover, the factors which affect the visual preference are obtained by multiple regression analysis and to calibrate the each factors significant level, the method of multivariate variance analysis is applied. The results of this study are summzrized as belows: 1. Four types of factors which consist the visual characteristic are classified as emotional factor of visual images(aesthetic factor(F1), texture related factor(F2)) and physical factor(physical factor(F3), transformable factor(F4)). Each factor's eigenvalue is appears as 5.27∼1.78 and the eigenvalue of emotional factor of visual images is more higher than the physical factor. 2. The correlation coefficient between visual preference according to the location of benches(X21) and aesthetic factor(f1) is estimated as 0.79, which is highest value among the four factors. And the correlation coefficient of texture related factor(f2), physical factor(F3) and transformable factor(F4) is estimated as 0.14, 0.04 and 0.08 respectively. 3. The visual preference of users according to the location of benches is greatly affected by the emotional factor of visual images(F1, F2) and the physical factor(F3, F4) are poorly related. The results of this study suggest the effective guidelines for the location of leisure facilities. Moreover the design and planning of leisure facilities at the urban community park have to be reexamined. What must be examined from now on is as follows: First, the preference research of rest facilities in the urban park through the multiple approach must be carried out continuously. Second, the research about the visual quality of the environmental sight observed in sitting on the bench as well as the visual quality of the showed object and place needs to be supported. Nevertheless, through this study the utilization into the useful data of the plan and the design for the systematic disposition of landscape architecture equipments centered on the users can be expected.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.26-36
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• 2016

This study aims to identify the place and location of Gasan around Cheonggyecheon in the Joseon Dynasty, and also to examine the current status of their changes or disappearance in the process of modernization. On top of literature research on old document and maps related to dredging of Cheonggyecheon, the field survey to understand the actual status and location of Gasan was conducted. The study contents are like below. First, through old document and maps related to Cheonggyecheon in the Joseon Dynasty, the contents and records related to Gasan around Cheonggyecheon were selected. Such Gasan were mainly built up by dredging work of branch/streamlet in the era of King Sejong, and also the large-scale dredging during the period of King Yeongjo. Second, the location of Gasan and forest around Cheonggyecheon shown in old maps was understood. With Ogansumun(Five-arched Floodgates) as the center, they were constructed on both hills of Cheonggyecheon inside/outside of the capital city, and its surrounding branches. Third, based on the measures to create a scale map based on Susunjeondo, the location of Gasan on old maps was found on the current map, and then the current status of places expressed as Gasan was surveyed. In the results of the study, even though most of the Gasan built up around Cheonggyecheon in the Joseon Dynasty have disappeared by the urban development performed since the end of 19th century, still, there are some remains left.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.109-119
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• 2018

Point of interest (POI) of the city is a special place that has what importance to the user. For example, it is such landmark, restaurants, museums, hotels, and theaters. Because of its role in the social and economic life of us, these have attracted a lot of interest in location-based applications such as social networks and online map. However, while it can easily be obtained through the Web, the basic information of POI such as geographic location, another effort is required to obtain detailed information such as Wi-Fi, accepting credit cards, opening hours, romper room and the assessment and evaluation of other users. To solve these problems, a new method for correcting position error is required to link location-based social network service (LBSNS) data and POIs. This paper attempts to propose a position error correction method of POI and LBSNS data to enrich POI information from the vast information that is accumulated in LBSNS. Through this study, we can overcome the limitation of individual POI information via the information fusion method of LBSNS and POI, and we have discovered the possibility to be able to provide additional information which users need. As a result, we expect to be able to collect a variety of POI information quickly.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.51-62
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• 2022

Purpose: This study analyzes accessibility of outdoor evacuation places for earthquake and the accessibility improvement effects when expanding the evacuation places in accessibility-deficient areas. In order to consider real-world evacuees, the accessibility analysis is based on service population not on resident population. Method: Location-allocation model as a GIS-based spatial optimization mode is used to analyze accessibility and vulnerable areas to evacuation places. Of location-allocation problem types, 'Maximize Coverage' method is chosen to allocate as many potential evacuees as possible to evacuation places. And impedence cutoffs or evacuation distances (times) are applied to three classes: 500m (7.5 minutes), 1,000m (15 minutes), and 1,500m (22.5 minutes). Case study area is Jung-gu areas, Seoul as a high-density downtown area. Result: Results show that accessibility-deficient areas and population to evacuation places are much more in service population than in resident population. Accessibility is significantly improved when increases when expanding the evacuation places in accessibility-deficient areas. Yet, accessibility-deficient areas are still remained since available lands are insufficient in the high-density downtown area. Conclusion: The study suggests that temporary evacuation facilities like outdoor evacuation places for earthquake need to consider real potential evacuees based not only on resident population but also on service population. Also, policy measures to provide emergency shelters need to more utilize spatial optimization tools like location-allocation model.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.11-17
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• 2022

In this paper, a model that can increase the efficiency of work in arranging interior furniture by applying augmented reality technology was studied. In the existing system to which augmented reality is currently applied, there is a problem in that information is limitedly provided depending on the size and nature of the company's product when outputting the image of furniture. To solve this problem, this paper presents an AR labeling algorithm. The AR labeling algorithm extracts feature points from the captured images and builds a database including indoor location information. A method of detecting and learning the location data of furniture in an indoor space was adopted using the CNN technique. Through the learned result, it is confirmed that the error between the indoor location and the location shown by learning can be significantly reduced. In addition, a study was conducted to allow users to easily place desired furniture through augmented reality by receiving detailed information about furniture along with accurate image extraction of furniture. As a result of the study, the accuracy and loss rate of the model were found to be 99% and 0.026, indicating the significance of this study by securing reliability. The results of this study are expected to satisfy consumers' satisfaction and purchase desires by accurately arranging desired furniture indoors through the design and implementation of AR labels.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.38-47
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• 2022

The user interface is a very important factor in application usability. The user interface of a typical application has a navigation system and the selection of the item takes place to move the movement. In this study, we would like to see if there are differences in user satisfaction depending on the location of the navigation and the number of items. The methods of in this study, a random group of 135 adult men and women who randomly selected four to six items as independent variables was conducted on the top, bottom, side, and three locations of navigation in a typical application. As a result, the navigation system rejected the null hypothesis of 0.000 and 0.008 respectively, with a significant probability of 0.05 or less than 0.000 and 0.008, respectively. It was also confirmed that the study theory of whether the interaction of navigation location and number of items creates a difference in satisfaction was significant with a significant probability of 0.016. In the post-analysis (Schefe), there were significant differences in the position of navigation, as each group was classified as a new group at the top <bottom <, and in the number of items, there were significant differences between the two groups of six <4 . Conclusion of this research, depending on the results of some significant differences in satisfaction with the location of the navigation and the number of items, it can be seen that the satisfaction of the interface increases when the navigation position is located at the bottom. However, follow-up research is needed on whether side-type navigation is suitable for different mobile sizes.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.126-139
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• 2022

This study aims to present the criteria of location selection and contents composition of Sewol ferry memorial space from the perspective of placeness and dark tourism, one of the main concepts of cultural tourism theory, and to draw academic concepts and implications related to it. First, the location selection of Sewol ferry memorial space was proposed by applying the concept of placeness to each important location, and the direction of the contents composition was presented based on the contents components such as characters, stories, places and dark tourism composition directions. As a result, when the Sewol ferry memorial space is designed in use of systemizing the narrative structure of the storytelling method and implementing it specifically, it is suggested that it is possible to construct a Sewol ferry memorial space by distributing and course-making based on the narrative structure rather than focusing on the location selection of a specific place. In addition, it was argued that the contents composition criteria should be more complex and systematically established and applied considering the connection between placeness and dark tourism when the Sewol ferry memorial space is constructed in various sites like 416 life safety parks and Mokpo New Port. This study, which aims to answer research questions related to major issues based on the perspective of placeness and dark tourism on the Sewol ferry memorial space, is expected to be used as a reference for the construction of the memorial space in the future.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.68-77
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• 2012

Appreciating the aspect of modem architecture requires not only the comprehension of the nature of design and architects' ways of thinking and expression but also observers' views on buildings and their perceptive/cognitive stages. This calls for an in-depth study on the "system of phenomenological perceptions" that works as a new architectural experience system. The system of phenomenological perceptions makes it possible to specify the individual process of understanding architecture, that is, hands-on experiences, participations, feelings, perceptions, and cognition. The value of user experience and cognition has been emphasized by philosophical and aesthetical concepts as well. Therefore, in order to better appreciate the modern architecture, this study suggests theoretical consideration to "orientation and event" that are crucial elements in understanding a phenomenological view and materializing actual space formation. This offers the cognitive system with which we analyze modem architecture and comprehensive expressional methods. In other words, this study contemplates the system of phenomenological perceptions from an existential spatial perspective by structurizing the system of the orientation and the event in order to segmentalize users' current locations, potential directions, the relations with spaces, continual vie'wpoints as well as buildings' functions and interior and exterior division. The system of phenomenological perceptions helps understand and systemize modern architecture through a system based on relations between sensation, perception, cognition, sensitivity, and rationality. This creates a new cognitive system employing the concept of the orientation and the event, which is different from a normal cognitive system basing on the sense of vision. When observers appreciate space, they tend to relate the space to a certain event and to remember their experiences in it. During the process, they draw borders of the space in which the event takes place and give shape to their experiences including actions, movements, cognition and sensation. The process leads to the formation of "placeness," and here, the concept of the orientation comes in as the location and the center of the placeness. This study proves that a determined orientation coupled with individual experience and events settles the place ness; detailed elements in the cognitive system have close relations with one another; the orientation, actions, events, and places are the factors that materialize observers' architectural experience.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.115-128
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was aimed to investigate burn out degree of K.M.D.s(Korean medicine doctors) who work at convalescent hospitals and to find contributional factors for the result. The relationship between burn out and job performance was also studied. Methods : 77 K.M.D.s(Male 49(63.6%), Female 28(36.4%)) participated in this survey that has 62 main questions about burn out, job performance, job environment and Social demographic characteristics. Survey was conducted from 19th Aug. 2013 to 6th Nov. 2013. Results : Average of burn out degree of K.M.D.s was 2.62 out of 5. Emotional exhaustion was highest (2.80) and depersonalization was lowest(2.20) among subordinate concepts of burn out. Work place location and average income of the subjective which are subordinate concepts of social demographic characteristics showed significant correlation with job performance. Role conflict, relation of co-worker, workload were significant factors for emotional exhaustion and meaning of the job, will of patient, challenge were significant factors for lack of feeling of accomplishment by multiple regression analysis. Relation of co-worker, aggression of patient and meaning of the job were also significant factors for depersonalization. Conclusion : Emotional exhaustion and lack of feeling of accomplishment among subordinate concepts of burn out were high in the subjective who participated this study. Significant factors that contribute to burn out of this study, shows different result compare to the studies that show other factors contribute to burn out who works at convalescent hospital or other place.