• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.217-223
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• 2008

To directly test if elevated glucocorticoids are required for fasting-induced regulation of growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone (GHRH), GHRH receptors (GHRH-R) and ghrelin receptors (GHS-R) expression, male rats were bilaterally adrenalectomized or sham operated. After 7 days, animals were fed ad libitum or fasted for 48 h. Bilateral adrenalectomy increased hypothalamic GHRH to 146% and decreased neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA to 54% of SHAM controls. Pituitary GHRH-R and GHS-R mRNA levels were decreased by adrenalectomy to 30% and 80% of shamoperated controls. In shamoperated rats, fasting suppressed hypothalamic GHRH (49%) and stimulated NPY (166%) mRNA levels, while fasting increased pituitary GHRH-R (391%) and GHS-R (218%) mRNA levels. However, in adrenalectomized rats, fasting failed to alter pituitary GHRH-R mRNA levels, while the fasting-induced suppression of GHRH and elevation of NPY and GHS-R mRNA levels remained intact. In fasted adrenalectomized rats, corticosterone replacement increased GHRH-R mRNA levels and intensified the fasting-induced decrease in GHRH, but did not alter NPY or GHS-R response. These data suggest that elevated glucocorticoids mediate the effects of fasting on hypothalamic GHRH and pituitary GHRH-R expression, while glucocorticoids are likely not the major determinant in fasting-induced increases in hypothalamic NPY and pituitary GHS-R expression.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2016

Purpose: To investigate treatment outcome and long term complication after surgery and radiotherapy (RT) for pituitary adenoma. Materials and Methods: From 1990 to 2009, 73 patients with surgery and RT for pituitary adenoma were analyzed in this study. Median age was 51 years (range, 25 to 71 years). Median tumor size was 3 cm (range, 1 to 5 cm) with suprasellar (n = 21), cavernous sinus extension (n = 14) or both (n = 5). Hormone secreting tumor was diagnosed in 29 patients; 16 patients with prolactin, 12 patients with growth hormone, and 1 patient with adrenocorticotrophic hormone. Impairment of visual acuity or visual field was presented in 33 patients at first diagnosis. Most patients (n = 64) received RT as postoperative adjuvant setting. Median RT dose was 45 Gy (range, 45 to 59.4 Gy). Results: Median follow-up duration was 8 years (range, 3 to 22 years). In secreting tumors, hormone normalization rate was 55% (16 of 29 patients). For 25 patients with evaluable visual field and visual acuity test, 21 patients (84%) showed improvement of visual disturbance after treatment. The 10-year tumor control rate for non-secreting and secreting adenoma was 100% and 58%, respectively (p < 0.001). Progression free survival rate at 10 years was 98%. Only 1 patient experienced endocrinological recurrence. Following surgery, 60% (n = 44) suffered from pituitary function deficit. Late complication associated with RT was only 1 patient, who developed cataract. Conclusion: Surgery and RT are very effective and safe in hormonal and tumor growth control for secreting and non-secreting pituitary adenoma.

• Korean Journal of Ophthalmology
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.488-496
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the factors influencing visual field recovery after transsphenoidal approach-tumor resection (TSA-TR) in pituitary adenoma patients with visual field defects (VFDs). Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 102 eyes of 102 patients with VFDs induced by pituitary adenomas who underwent TSA-TR between January 2010 and December 2015. All patients had been observed for more than one year. The severity of the VFD in each patient was evaluated using the mean deviation (MD) and pattern standard deviation in the most-affected eye. Clinical and demographic data such as preoperative visual acuity and visual field, age, sex, tumor volume, neurological symptoms at diagnosis, duration of symptoms, patterns of the preoperative VFD, and preoperative central VFD were investigated and analyzed for association with recovery of the visual field. Results: Recovery from VFDs occurred in 71 (69.6%) eyes after a mean period of $18.36{\pm}5.21$ months. The recovery group was younger (p = 0.003), had higher preoperative MD values (p = 0.016), and had better preoperative visual acuity (p = 0.03), compared with the non-recovery group. Preoperative central VFD (p = 0.006) and preoperative bilateral VFD (p = 0.016) were significantly less frequent in the recovery group. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that age at diagnosis (odds ratio [OR], 0.962; p = 0.022), preoperative MD (OR, 1.069; p = 0.046), preoperative central VFD (OR, 0.212; p = 0.039), and preoperative bilateral VFD (OR, 0.212; p = 0.035) were associated with visual field recovery after TSA-TR. Conclusions: Younger age, higher preoperative MD, and the preoperative abscence of central VFD or bilateral VFD were favorable factors influencing visual field recovery after TSA-TR in patients with pituitary adenomas. An understanding of the associated clinical factors may help predict visual outcomes after TSA-TR in pituitary adenoma patients with VFDs.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.339-344
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• 2011

Objective : Pituitary apoplexy is one of the most serious life-threatening complications of pituitary adenoma. The purpose of this study is to investigate the visual outcome after early transsphenoidal surgery for the patients with pituitary apoplexy. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the 31 patients with pituitary apoplexy who were admitted due to acute visual acuity or field impairment and treated by transsphenoidal surgery. Five patients were excluded because of the decreased conscious level. The visual acuity of each individual eye was evaluated by Snellen's chart Visual fields were also checked using automated perimetry. To compare the visual outcome according to the surgical timing, we divided the patients into 2 groups. The first group, 21 of the patients have been undertaken transsphenoidal approach (TSA) within at least 48 hours after admission. The second group included 8 patients who have been undertaken TSA beyond 48 hours. All patients were monitored at least 12 months after surgery. Results : Patients were 21 males and 8 females (M : F=2.6 : 1) with the mean age of 42.4 years. Among the enrolled 29 patients, 26 patients presented with decreased visual acuity and 23 patients revealed the defective visual field respectively. Postoperatively, improvement in the visual acuity was seen in 15 patients (83.3%) who underwent surgery within the first 48 hours of presentation, as compared to those in whom surgery was delayed beyond 48 hours (n=5; 62.5%) (p=0.014). Improvement in the visual field deficits was observed in 15 (88.2%) of patients who had been operated on within the first 48 hours of presentation, as compared to those in whom surgery was delayed beyond 48 hours (n=3; 50.0%) (p=0.037). Conclusion : This study suggests that rapid transsphenoidal surgery is effective to recover the visual impairment in patients with pituitary apoplexy. If there are associated abnormalities of visual acuity or visual fields in patients with hemorrhagic pituitary apoplexy, early neurosurgical intervention within 48 hours should be also required to recover visual impairment.

• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수정란이식학회 2006년도 The 6th Intermational Symposium on Developmental Biotechnology
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• pp.89-90
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• 2006

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물학회 1999년도 한국생물과학협회 학술발표대회
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• pp.178.1-178
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• 1999

No Abstract, See Full Text

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.55-59
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• 2000

무지개 송어의 뇌하수체 및 배양액에 존재하는 GTH II 농도를 측정하기 위해 Avidin- Biotin complex를 이용한 sandwich EIA 계을 개발했다. Protein A sepharose affinity chromatography을 통해서 얻어진 연어 GTH II의 rabbit IgG에 biotinylation시킨 것 (Biotin-salmon GTH II rabbit IgG)을 제2 항체로 사용하였고, Non-Biotin salmon GTH II rabbit IgG는 단지 protein A sepharose affinity chromatography에서 얻어진 IgG를 제 1 항체로 사용하였다. EIA는 sandwich법에 의해서 이루어졌으며, 효소반응 기질로는 TMB(3,3'5,5-tetramethylbenzidine)를 이용했으며, 반응후 450 nm의 흡광도에서 automatic microplate reader로 측정하였다. 그 결과, $0.12\;{\~}\;125\;ng/ml$의 범위에서 용량반응곡선을 얻었으며, 측정감도 (최소 검출량)는 거의 0.58 ng/ml 정도 였다. 그리고 뇌하수체 추출물 및 배양액 각각의 희석곡선은 GTH II 표존곡선과 일치 하였다. 또한 이러한 GTH II의 표준곡선는 뇌하수체내 다른 peptide hormone와는 교차반응을 거의 나타내지 않았다. Testosterone을 처리한 미성숙 무지개 송어의 뇌하수체 세포배양계를 이용하여 sGnRH에 의한 GTH II 분비량을 본 sandwich EIA계와 RIA계를 비교 조사한 결과, 거의 같은 분비량을 나타냈을 뿐만아니라 같은 분비 pattern을 나타냈다. 이러한 결과로부터 본 sandwich법 EIA계에 의해서 연어과 어류의 뇌하수체 추출물 및 뇌하수체 배양액 중의 GTH II 함량 및 분비량을 측정하는데 있어서 안정된 assay계라고 생각되어진다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2000

eCG는LH, FSH및 TSH와 같이 당단백질 호르몬에 속하고, 당쇄가 많이 첨가된 $\alpha$와 $\beta$-subunits의 비공유결합으로 구성되어 있고, 말에서 보다 다른 동물에서 FSH와 LH의 이중 생리활성을 나타내는 아주 특이한 성선 자극 호르몬이다. eCG는 임신 40~130일 사이에 말의 자궁내막배의 영양막세포에서 합성ㆍ분비된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 eCG, eLH 및 eFSH의 각각 subunits mRNA발현을 태반과 뇌하수체에서 분석하였다. mRNA의 추출은 임신 70일의 태반과 27개월된 숫컷말의 뇌하수체에서 분리하였다. 말 태반을 이용한eCG mRNA발현의 Northern blotting분석결과 $\beta$ subunit가 $\alpha$ subunit보다 아주 많이 발현되었으며, 또한 뇌하수체에서 $\alpha$-, LH $\beta$-, FSH $\beta$-subunit의 분석결과 $\alpha$ subunit는 약 0.8 kb, FSH $\beta$ subunit는 1.8 kb의 크기로 발현되었는데, 이러한 FSH $\beta$ subunit는 cloning되어진 cDNA의 크기와 일치한다. 뇌하수체 전엽에서는 $\alpha$ subunit가 LH $\beta$ subunit와 FSH $\beta$ subunit보다 현저히 많이 발현된다는 사실이 밝혀졌다. 따라서, 태반과 뇌하수체에서 발현되는 각각 subunit의 mRNA는 독립적으로 조절되어 결과적으로 발현량에 차이가 나타난다고 시사되어진다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.340-350
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to determine whether peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$(PPAR${\gamma}$ is involved in the regulation of weaning to estrus of primiparous sows. Twelve sows composed of 6 groups of 2 full-sibs in a similar age (325.2 d), body weight (BW; 152.4 kg) and backfat thickness (BFT; 27.0 mm) at start of lactation, were allocated to accept 31 MJ (restricted group, R-group) or 53 MJ (control group, C-group) DE/d treatment, respectively. The experimental results indicated that the low energy intake resulted in excessive losses of BW and BFT during lactation in R-group sows, which may be related to decrease of serum 15-deoxy-${\Delta}^{12,14}$-prostaglandin $J_2$ (15d-$PGJ_2$), a ligand of PPAR${\gamma}$ The obvious peak and the frequency of LH, FSH and estradiol ($E_2$) were only observed in C-group sows. Except for $E_2$ at d 1 and 2, serum FSH, LH and $E_2$ concentrations in R-group were lower than those in C-group sows after weaning. However, the serum progesterone ($P_4$) level in R-group sows was always more than that in C-group. The expression abundances of PPAR${\gamma}$and GnRH receptor (GnRH-R) in pituitary, FSH receptor (FSH-R), LH receptor (LH-R), estrogen receptor (ES-R) and aromatase in ovary of anestrous sows were lower than those of estrous sows. Neither the BFT nor the BW was associated with the mRNA abundance of PPAR${\gamma}$in hypothalamus during lactation. Expressions of PPAR${\gamma}$in pituitary and ovary were affected evidently by the BFT changes and only by the loss of BW of sows during and after lactation. Furthermore, PPAR${\gamma}$mRNA level in ovary was significantly related to the expression abundances of GnRH-R, FSH-R, ES-R and aromatase, and GnRH-R was obviously associated with PPAR${\gamma}$expression in pituitary. However, PPAR${\gamma}$expression in hypothalamus likely has no effects on these genes expression and no obvious difference for all sows. Not serum $E_2$ or $P_4$ alone but the ratios of $E_2$ to $P_4$ and 15d-$PGJ_2$ to $P_4$, and serum FSH and LH were evidently related to PPAR${\gamma}$expression in pituitary and ovary. It is concluded that PPAR${\gamma}$is associated with body conditions, reproduction hormones and their receptor expression, which affected the functions of pituitary and ovary and ultimately the estrus after weaning of primiparous sows.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.336-344
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• 2000

Objective : The treatment for prolactin secreting pituitary adenoma(prolactinoma) include pharmacology, surgery, radiation therapy or radiosurgery. The recent development of radiological imaging and microsurgery has made transsphenoidal microsurgery the treatment of choice for most prolactin secreting pituitary adenoma. Despite its low morbidity and mortality, relatively high recurrence and failure rate have been reported. Recent advances in neuroimaging provide a precise targeting in radiosurgery for treatment of prolactin secreting pituitary adenoma. In this regard, Gamma knife radiosurgery has been proposed as an alternative primary treatment modality or adjuvant therapy. Patients and Methods : Twenty three patients with prolactin secreting pituitary adenoma have been treated with Gamma knife radiosurgery in our institute from March 1992 to September 1998. We analyzed clinical, radiological and endocrinological changes in 21 patients who were followed up for an average of 35.7 months. Results : The mean age was 34.9 years and 16 patients were treated with Gamma knife radiosurgery as primary treatment and 5 patients underwent Gamma knife radiosurgery for residual tumors after microsurgery. The margin of the tumor was incorporated within the 40 to 80% and the mean marginal dose was 24.5 Gy. Clinical improvement in the last follow-up were present in 17 cases(81.0%) and 3 of 5 infertility patients became pregnant after Gamma knife radiosurgery. Tumor control rate after Gamma knife radiosurgery was 100%. Endocrinological normalization in the last follow-up were obtained in 12 cases(57.1%). In three cases, hormonal normalizations were present in early period(3-32 months) but serum hormone levels were elevated subsequently. Conclusion : We conclude that the Gamma knife radiosurgery for prolactin secreting pituitary adenoma seems to be safe and effective as adjuvant therapy after microsurgery and primary treatment modality in selective patients.