• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.509-515
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• 2016

Twenty Ardi lactating goats were used to investigate the effect of substituting 10%, 15%, and 20% of concentrate feed with date pits on milk production, composition, and blood parameters. Four isocaloric and isonitrogenous dietary treatments were used. Four levels (0% [control], 10%, 15%, and 20%) of date pits were used to replace concentrate feed. The forages to concentrate ratio used was 60 to 40. Dry matter intake (DMI) of goats fed diets containing 10% and 15% date pits was significantly (p<0.05) higher than those fed diets containing 0% and 20%. However, goats fed a diet containing 20% date pits were significantly (p<0.05) lower in DMI compared to those fed control diet. The protein percent was significantly higher for goats fed control diet compared to the other dietary treatments. Total solids percent was significantly the lowest for goats fed diet supplemented with 10% date pits. Goats fed a diet containing 20% date pits was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the total protein compared to those fed a diet containing 10%. In addition, goats fed a diet containing 15% date pits exhibited no significant differences in the total protein percent compared to those fed a diet containing 20% date pits. Triglyceride was significantly higher for goats fed diets containing 10% and 20% date pits compared to those fed 15% date pits. Results obtained in the present study suggest that date pits can be added up to 20% of the concentrate feeds into lactating Ardi goat diets without negative effects on their productive performance.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.385-395
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• 2011

The adjustment processes and responses of a series of mining pits by sand or gravel mining were investigated by laboratory experiments. The filling processes of the two pits were affected by the bars developed in the upstream of the channel. However, the bars were not developed and the bed was degradated in the downstream of the pits due to little sediment flow, which was trapped in the pits. The submerged angle of repose in the pits was nearly constant when the pits were being filled. After the filling processes of the pits were finished, the pit was speedily filled with sediment, and the bed was aggradated and migrated with speed. However, the angle of repose decreased. As the distance between the upstream pit and the downstream pit increased, the bed of the pit downstream was tailcutted and degradated. The migration speed of the pit decreased. However, the dimensionless pit depth increased as the distance between the pits increased. The dimensionless pit depth increased with time.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.54-67
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• 1996

Micromorphology of the vessel wall sculptures such as perforation plate, inter-vessel pits, vessel-ray pits, vessel-parenchyma pits, vestured pits, spiral thickening, and warts was observed in 78 species(45 genera, 25 families) of Korean hardwoods using a scanning electron microscopy. The SEM observation revealed the micromorphology of vessel wall sculptures which have not yet been described, and have confirmed findings already established at the light microscopical level.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.253-263
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• 2022

A buccal pit is a prominent point-like depression that appears at the cervical end of the mandibular molar developmental grooves. A defective buccal pit can be defined as a buccal pit in which the continuity of the dentinoenamel junction is broken and the pit extends to the dentinal level. This study aimed to determine the frequency of buccal pits and defective buccal pits in un-erupted mandibular first and second molars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The analysis was performed on CBCT images taken from 417 Korean children and adolescents who visited the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Yonsei University Dental Hospital between 2004 and 2020. Based on cross-sectional views of CBCT images, buccal pits were categorized into 4 classes according to the depth of the pits. The expression rate of the buccal pits was 29.1%. The prevalence of defective buccal pits was 7.9%. The buccal pits tended to develop bilaterally. To date, this is the most comprehensive study on the frequency of buccal pits with the largest sample size. This was the first attempt worldwide to analyze the depth of the buccal pit using CBCT images and to define a defective buccal pit worldwide.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 1976

This study was carried out to find out the effect of soil and water storable pits on reducing the surface runoff. 10 pits were digged in each plot of $50m^2$ along contour line. One kind of pits has a size of 30 cm width, 100cm length and 30cm depth, and the other has 30cm width, 100cm length and 20cm depth. 1. The soil and water storable pits have a significant effect on reducing surface runoff. Control plot had surface runoff 2.3-2.6 times more than the plots with pits. 2. There is no significant difference in surface runoff between 30cm depth pit and 20cm depth pit. 3. The soil and water storable pits did not have any effect on coverage, survival and growth of three species. 4. Steep slope had worse results than the other slopes in coverage, growth and fresh weight of experiment species.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.423-428
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• 2010

This study shows the effects of deionized (DI) rinse and oxide HF wet etch processes on silicon substrate during a photolithography process. We found a fail at the wafer center after DI rinse step, called Si pits, during the fabrication of a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) device. We tried to find out the mechanism of the Si pits by using the silicon wafer on CMOS fabrication and analyzing the effects of the friction charge induced by the DI rinsing. The key parameters of this experiment were revolution per minute (rpm) and time. An incubation time of above 10 sec was observed for the formation of Si pits and the rinsing time was more effective than rpm on the formation of the Si pits. The formation mechanism of the Si pits and optimized rinsing process parameters were investigated by measuring the charging level using a plasma density monitor. The DI rinse could affect the oxide substrate by a friction charging phenomenon on the photolithography process. Si pits were found to be formed on the micro structural defective site on the Si substrate under acceleration by developed and accumulated charges during DI rinsing. The optimum process conditions of DI rinse time and rpm could be established through a systematic study of various rinsing conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.60-63
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• 1993

In the present paper, we discribed distributions patterns of pits on the tracheids of Pinus koraiensis. The number of bordered pits on a tracheid is more numerous than that of cross-field pittings. And they appeared different in the number depending on the shape and size of tracheids. Both pit and cross-field pitting on a tracheid is fewer in number near the pith. The number of bordered pits on the tracheid increased rapidly from pith toward cambial zone but that of cross-field pittings increased gradually. The number of bordered pit and corss-field pitting is more frequent in the first-formed tracheid, and the number of bordered pit decreased rapidly from earlywood to latewood but that of corss-field pittings decreased gradually. Bordered pits on a tracheid are more numerous at the end of tracheids and cross-field pittings occur more frequently in the center part of a tracheid.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.571-576
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• 1997

The playas of the Southern High Plains (SHP) of Texas, USA are an important habitat for over one million wintering waterfowl. However, the recent trend toward the modification of playas for agricultural use is threatening winter habitat of waterfowl in this region. Diurnal activity budgets of wintering mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) were conducted from 1 October to 31 March, 1983-1984, and 1984-1985) at three habitat types; steep-sided pits, terraced pits, and open lakes. All seven activity patterns (feeding, locomotion, resting, comfort, courtship, alert, and agonistic) were different (P<0.05) among the three habitat types for wintering mallards on the SHP of Texas. Terraced pits supported more feeding activity (27.8%) (P<0.001) than steep-sided pits (11.2%) or open lakes (2.6%) due to their abundance of natural seeds and aquatic invertebrates. Hens (17.5%) fed more than drakes (11.7%) (P<0.05). Locomotion (32.2%) and alert (2.8%) behavior across the three habitat types showed the highest level during the early morning (6:00-9:00 AM). Paired mallards rested more (37.9%) than unpaired mallards (25.8%) (P<0.05). Agonistic activity was highest (2.4%) in terraced pits throughout the season.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2002.03a
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• pp.229-236
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• 2002

In this paper, a new novel technique of seismic survey is introduced to estimate the continuity of inclined pits filled with water, It was assumed that the pits would be connected to an abandoned railway tunnel that might be constructed in the past. Thus, detection of pit end was needed for the design of a new highway tunnel(Yukshimreong tunnel) that was likely to be met with a pit. In the beginning of exploration, no reliable, cost effective method was available. Hence, focus of interest moved toward the high impedance contrast(reflection coefficient k∼0.8) between water and rock. In this special model of sequence rock-water-rock, total reflection occurs and the seismic energy, when it is generated in the pit water, is nearly confined to the pit so that seismic waves can propagate much further within the pit. As a matter of convenience, this is called“tunnel channel wave”. With these considerations in mind, seismic detonator(2g) was used as a source at the entrance of pit, whereas hydrophone chain(hydrophone interval=1m) was placed on the bottom of pit. With this appropriate source-receiver arrangement, desirable down-going and up-going waves could be observed that will help conform the continuity of pits. After about one year, it was ascertained that the inclined pit of interest was just nearby crossed with the newly excavated tunnel, as it was predicted.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.287-294
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• 2004

Pits and mounds created by windthrow have significant impacts on forest ecosystem. In order to establish initial data base, 80 pits and mounds were sampled and surveyed in 5 fir forests in Nae-Sorak Mountain. Characteristics and forms were surveyed and frequency of tree species appearance were surveyed as well. 4.9％ of surveyed area (0.4 ha) was pits and mounds in El and E2 areas except old areas where survey was done by estimation. E3 area showed the highest proportion, 11.7％ of 0.1 ha of sampling area.