• 음성과학
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.31-42
• /
• 2004

This paper presents methods using Gaussian normalization for converting pitch contours based on prosodic phrases along with experimental tests on the Korean database of 16 declarative sentences and the first sentences of the story of 'The Three Little Pigs'. We propose a new conversion method using Gaussian normalization to the pitch deviation of pitch contour subtracted by partial declination lines: by using partial declination lines for each accentual phrase of pitch contour, we avoid the problem that a Gaussian normalization using average values and standard deviations of intonational phrase tends to lose individual local variability and thus cannot modify individual characteristics of pitch contour from a source speaker to a target speaker. From the results of the experiments, we show that this slanted Gaussian normalization using these declination lines subtracted from pitch contour of accentual phrases can modify pitch contour more accurately than other methods using Gaussian normalization.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 유체기계공업학회 2001년도 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.30-34
• /
• 2001

In the present study, we studied the method of predicting the on-design and on-design point performance of axial flow fan with adjustable pitch blades. With the change of stagger angle of axial flow fan with adjustable pitch blade, flow rate and pressure can be changed. Because of this merit adjustable pitch fans are used in many industrial facility. When changing stagger angle or estimating the performance at a wide range of off-design condition, incidence angle changes greatly as the flow rate changes. Therefore, the deviation angle at the blade exit is estimated by the correlation considering the effects of blade design, incidence angle variation. In the loss model, we used known pressure loss model for blade boundary layer and wake, secondary flow, endwall boundary layer and tip leakage flow. The results of modified deviation angle model and experiment were compared for the usefulness of the modified model.

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국감성과학회 2000년도 춘계 학술대회 및 국제 감성공학 심포지움 논문집 Proceeding of the 2000 Spring Conference of KOSES and International Sensibility Ergonomics Symposium
• /
• pp.366-369
• /
• 2000

This paper examines three algorithms to recognize speaker's emotion using the speech signals. Target emotions are happiness, sadness, anger, fear, boredom and neutral state. MLB(Maximum-Likeligood Bayes), NN(Nearest Neighbor) and HMM (Hidden Markov Model) algorithms are used as the pattern matching techniques. In all cases, pitch and energy are used as the features. The feature vectors for MLB and NN are composed of pitch mean, pitch standard deviation, energy mean, energy standard deviation, etc. For HMM, vectors of delta pitch with delta-delta pitch and delta energy with delta-delta energy are used. We recorded a corpus of emotional speech data and performed the subjective evaluation for the data. The subjective recognition result was 56% and was compared with the classifiers' recognition rates. MLB, NN, and HMM classifiers achieved recognition rates of 68.9%, 69.3% and 89.1% respectively, for the speaker dependent, and context-independent classification.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.69-77
• /
• 1998

Linear displacement accuracy is one of the most important factors that determine machine tool accuracy The laser interferometer has been usually recommended for the measurement of linear displacement accuracy. In this paper, microcomputer aided measurement and compensation system has been developed for the pitch error in a CNC machine tool. For accurate pitch error calculation. the analysis code for the pitch error has been also implemented according to the international standards (ISO). The PC based automatic compensation system for the pitch error is also implemented. A new algorithm for calculating optimum value for pitch error compensation is proposed, minimizing the deviation at each target points. The development system has been applied to a practical CNC maching center and the performance has been demonstrated.

• 사상체질의학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.144-156
• /
• 2000

1. 연구목적 한의학에서 음성을 듣고 환자의 상태를 알아내는 것은 문진에 해당되며 이는 내경시대부터 응용되어 왔다. "동의수세보원"에서도 말하는 기운이 각 체질별로 차이가 있는 것으로 언급하고 있다. 각 체질별 장국의 차이에 의해서 호산지기(呼散之氣) 흡취지기(吸聚之氣) 납적지기(納積之氣) 출방지기(出放之氣)등을 설명하고 있는데, 이는 또한 음성과 성대진동의 기본이 되는 공기의 흐름과도 연관이 있다. 한의학에서 성음을 통하여 사람에 관한 많은 것을 알 수 있다고 했는데, 여기서 논하는 성음의 개념은 매우 추상적이라서 객관적인 자료를 제시하기도 어렵고, 또한 임상연구에 응용이 매우 어려운 실정이다. 그러나 현대과학기술의 발전으로 음성을 수치, 그래프, 스펙트럼을 통하여 객관적으로 기록, 재생, 분석하는 것이 가능해졌다. 여기서는 음성에 직접적인 영향을 주는 요소 중의하나인 성대의 진동이 사상체질 진단의 객관적인 자료로 활용될 수 있는가를 알아보고자 했다. 2. 연구방법 (1) 연구대상자들을 사상체질분류검사지(QSCCII)와 사상의학 전문가가 체질을 분류한다. (2) 체질별로 CSL(Cmputerized Speech Lab)과 Laryngograph, Micrphone을 사용하여 음성과 성대진동양상을 녹취한다. (3) EEG processing option으로 녹취한 파형을 분석한다. (4) 분석한 항목을 통계 처리하여 항목별로 유의성을 살펴본다. 3. 연구결과 성대진동을 보여주는 EGG Waveform의 분석결과와 체질간의 상관성은 아래와 같다. 1. 남자/a/(0.5초)에서는 태음인보다 소양인의 Open Std Deviation, Contact Std Deviation이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 2. 남자/a/(2.5초)에서는 소음인과 태음인보다 소양인의 Pitch range가 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 3. 여자/e/(0.5초)에서는 소음인보다 태음인의 Pitch range가 더 높은 것으로, 소양인보다 태음인의 Pitch Maximum이 더 높은 것으로, 소음인 소양인보다 태음인의 Pitch Std Deviation이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 4. 여자/a/(2.5초)에서는 소음인보다 태음인의 Contact Maximum이 더 높은 것으로, 태음인 보다 소음인의 Open mean, Open Miximum가 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 5. 남자/e/(0.5초), 남자/e/(2.5초), 여자/a/(0.5초), 여자/e/(2.5초)에서는 체질간의 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 6. CART Algolism에서는 전체적으로 소음인과 태음인의 정판별력이 높았고, 소양인은 비교적 오차율이 높게 나타났다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.297-302
• /
• 1997

Linear displacement accuracy is one of the most important factors that determine machine tool accuracy. The laser interferometer has been usually recommended for the measurement of linear displacement accuracy. In this paper, microcomputer aided measurement and compensation system has been developed forthe pitch error in a CNC machine tool. For accurate pitch error calculation, the analysis code for the pitch error has been also implemented according to the international standards(ISO). The PC based automatic compensation system for the pitch error is also implemented. A new algorithm for calculating optimum value for pitch error compensation is proposed, minimizing the deviation at each target points. The development system has been applied to a practical CNC maching center and the performance has been demonstrated.

• 한국음향학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.37-46
• /
• 1991

지금까지 제안된 피치 수정 앨고리즘들은 남녀노소에 무관하게 폭넓은 피치범위를 검출하기가 어렵다. 조음기관의 물리적 한계성 때문에 피치의 분포도는 일반적으로 중심 피치에 몰려있는 형태가 된다. 이 중심 피치를 본격적인 피치검출 과정에 적용한다면 그 처리과정이 간단해지고 정확도가 개선될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 스펙트럼 누설현상을 이용하여 중심피치를 정확하게 검출하는 앨고리즘을 제안한다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(4)
• /
• pp.377-380
• /
• 2002

In this paper, speaker and context independent emotion recognition using speech signal is studied. For this purpose, a corpus of emotional speech data recorded and classified according to the emotion using the subjective evaluation were used to make statical feature vectors such as average, standard deviation and maximum value of pitch and energy and to evaluate the performance of the conventional pattern matching algorithms. The vector quantization based emotion recognition system is proposed for speaker and context independent emotion recognition. Experimental results showed that vector quantization based emotion recognizer using MFCC parameters showed better performance than that using the Pitch and energy Parameters.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.89-96
• /
• 2020

물리탐사에서 유용한 3차원 좌표계 회전 문제를 일관성있게 정리하였다. 일관성을 유지하기 위한 기준으로 오른손 좌표계의 정의에서 출발하였다. 또한 능동 회전과 수동 회전의 개념을 설명하고, 서로 다른 좌표계 간의 회전 및 역회전은 전치행렬의 관계로서 기준 좌표계와 센서 좌표계 사이의 회전 관계를 명확히 하였다. 3차원 회전에서는 항법 등에서 사용하는 요-피치-롤(yaw-pitch-roll) 회전과 물리검층에서 쉽게 이해할 수 있는 방위각-편차-센서회전 회전 방식의 회전 행렬을 설명하였다. 또한, 이 둘과 Rodrigues 회전 공식에 의한 회전 행렬 각각의 각도를 구하는 수식을 정리하였다. 요-피치-롤 방식의 회전에서 나타나는 "Gimbal Lock" 현상을 그림과 수식으로 설명하고, 이의 해결방안으로 동원되는 사원수(quaternion)의 원리와 적용 방법에 대해서도 서술하였다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• 제19권8호
• /
• pp.1632-1648
• /
• 2005

The effects of Reynolds number on the non-nulling calibration of a typical cone-type five-hole probe have been investigated for the representative Reynolds numbers in turbomachinery. The pitch and yaw angles are changed from - 35 degrees to 35 degrees with an angle interval of 5 degrees at six probe Reynolds numbers in range between $6.60{\times}10^3\;and\;3.17{\times}10^4$. The result shows that not only each calibration coefficient itself but also its Reynolds number dependency is affected significantly by the pitch and yaw angles. The Reynolds-number effects on the pitch- and yaw-angle coefficients are noticeable when the absolute values of the pitch and yaw angles are smaller than 20 degrees. The static-pressure coefficient is sensitive to the Reynolds number nearly all over the pitch- and yaw-angle range. The Reynolds-number effect on the total-pressure coefficient is found remarkable when the absolute values of the pitch and yaw angles are larger than 20 degrees. Through a typical non-nulling reduction procedure, actual reduced values of the pitch and yaw angles, static and total pressures, and velocity magnitude at each Reynolds number are obtained by employing the calibration coefficients at the highest Reynolds number ($Re=3.17{\times}10^4$) as input reference calibration data. As a result, it is found that each reduced value has its own unique trend depending on the pitch and yaw angles. Its general tendency is related closely to the variation of the corresponding calibration coefficient with the Reynolds number. Among the reduced values, the reduced total pressure suffers the most considerable deviation from the measured one and its dependency upon the pitch and yaw angles is most noticeable. In this study, the root-mean-square data as well as the upper and lower bounds of the reduced values are reported as a function of the Reynolds number. These data would be very useful in the estimation of the Reynolds-number effects on the non-nulling calibration.