• Mycobiology
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.77-81
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• 2013

This study aimed to investigate differences in ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal communities between disturbed sites and undisturbed old forest sites. ECM root tips of Pinus densiflora were collected from 4 sites disturbed by human activities and 3 undisturbed old forest sites adjacent to the disturbed sites. Results in this study showed that the number of ECM root tips, species diversity, and number of species were significantly higher in the disturbed sites than in the undisturbed sites, suggesting that the ECM fungal community structure was affected by the degree of disturbance.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.10-19
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• 1999

The water status of Pinus densiflora and P. koraiensis was observed after the treatment of simulated acid rain for every month August 1997 to March 1998. Both of the species showed increase of dry weight, water saturation deficit and epidermis transpiration after treatment of simulated acid rain (pH 3.5) for first three months. On the contrary, water content was decreased in both the species after three month of simulated acid rain treatment. The effect of simulated acid rain, however, became weaker after that and no big difference was observed after seven month of treatment. Water potential of the leaf of both species became lower than that of the control(pH 5.6) after seven month treatment of simulated acid rain. The cuticle layers of the epidermis and florins ring were damaged seriously and the size of the gap between stomata became bigger after the treatment of simulated acid rain.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.197-200
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• 1985

The relations of crown width and DBH for Pinus densiflora, Pinus rigida, Pinus koraiensis, and Ginkgo biloba were accomplished to estimate the level of crown competition. Measurements of the relations revealed that crown width and DBH were highly correlated for the same species. Also it seems that these relations are independent of age and site quality. The results of regression analysis were as follow: P. densiflora, Y=0.3477X+0.3828 r=0.95 p. rigida, Y=0.3537X+0.1645 r=0.95 P. koraiensis, Y=0.2895X+0.6310 r=0.92 G. biloba, Y=0.4360X+0.0995 r=0.90 The significant differences between G. biloba and pine species seems due to their structural differences of crown formation according to tree species. As results of computing Maximum Crown Area and Crown Competition Factor as indices of crown competition, they indicated that P. densiflora would grow better under the natural conditions.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2008

A series of the studies on the applied physical properties of main domestic species have been conducted last three years. Equilibrium moisture content(EMC) of Pinus koraiensis, Larix kaemferi, Pinus koraiensis were investigated. The experiments for sorption property were conducted with 20- and 80-mesh wood powder and resulted in their EMC's at various sorption conditions. Amount of moisture sorption and sorption speed of Larix kaemferi were shown the most large values and very fast among three Korean main coniferous wood.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2000

Pinus $rigida{\times}taeda$ and Liriodendron tulipifira have been planted in this country for about 20 years. They are known as a relatively 13st-grown and useful species. The physical properties such as green moisture contents, specific gravities and dimensional shrinkages were examined with natively grown timbers. The kiln-dry schedules were developed with 30m thick boards by using an oven-fast-drying method. In both species the green MC's of sapwoods were higher than those of heartwoods, but their discrepancies were small. The green specific gravities of Pinus $rigida{\times}taeda$ and Liriodendron tulipifera were 0.48 and 0.41~O.42, respectively. The developed kiln-dry schedules were proven to minimize drying defects for the hoards of 30mm thickness and various width.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제88권4호
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• pp.462-468
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• 1999

전남 모후산지역 소나무-굴참나무 혼효림을 대상으로 종간경쟁의 양상과 물질생산력을 파악하기 위하여 $10m{\times}10m$ 조사구 10개를 설치한 후 매목조사를 실시하고 소나무와 굴참나무 각 8주씩 총 16주의 표본목을 선정 벌목하여 성장특성, 물질생산구조, 현존량, 순생산량 등을 조사하였다. 평균 수령은 소나무 33년, 굴참나무는 26년이였으며, 소나무림 초기에 굴참나무가 침입한 후 상층임관에서 종간경쟁을 하고 있는 초기단계의 임분이었다. 굴참나무는 동일 수령일 때의 소나무에 비하여 수령 15년 이전까지는 흉고직경과 수고가 모두 컸으며, 수령 15년 이후에는 흉고직경은 작은 반면 수고는 수령 15년 이전보다 큰 차이로 높았다. 동일 흉고직경일 때 생산기관인 잎의 건중량은 수종간 별 차이가 없었으나, 축적기관인 줄기의 목질부, 수피, 가지의 건중량은 흉고직경이 증가할수록 굴참나무가 소나무에 비하여 큰 차이로 많아지는 경향이었다. 굴참나무는 소나무에 비하여 순동화율이 높고 현존량축적율이 낮았다. 이상을 종합하면 소나무-굴참나무 혼효림에서 굴참나무는 소나무에 비하여 수고성장이 빠르고, 동일 흉고직경일 때 잎의 건중량은 유사한 반면 생산능률이 높으며, 현존량축적율이 낮기 때문에 종간갱쟁에서 우위에 있는 것으로 나타났다. 소나무-굴참나무혼효림의 지상부 전체 현존량은 87.7t/ha, 순생산량은 8.3t/ha/yr이었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제97권6호
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• pp.597-604
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• 2008

이 연구는 잣나무(Pinus koraiensis) 장령식재림에 대한 생태적으로 건전한 산림작업종 개발의 필요성을 인식하여 부분 벌채 후 하층 식생의 이주와 생장을 시험하였다. 1997년 당시 강원대학교 학술림의 VII영급 잣나무림에서 약 50%의 임관을 소개하는 산벌작업을 실시하고 임지정리작업을 수행하여 하층에 갱신치수가 발생하도록 유도하였다. 10년 후, 많은 활엽수가 이주 정착하여 하층림을 형성하였으며, 10개의 $10m{\times}10m$ 영구표본구를 설정하고 주기적으로 수종구성, 종다양성, 그리고 직경과 수고의 생장과 분포를 조사하였다. 임관 소개에 의해서 2007년에 22종의 교목 수종과 20종의 관목 수종에 의해서 완전 울폐된 하층식생을 형성하였다. 산뽕나무의 중요치가 29.6%로 가장 높았고, 층층나무의 중요치는 17.0%로 산출되었으며, 이어서 쪽동백나무, 갈참나무, 신갈나무, 고로쇠나무, 잣나무의 순으로 구성 비율이 높았다. 2000년에 교목 26종이 출현하면서 종다양성지수가 2.547로 가장 높았고 그 후 감소 추세를 나타내어 2007년에는 22종의 교목으로 2.220의 종다양성지수를 나타내었다. 후계림이 점차 울창해지고 생장하면서 일부 내음성이 약한 수종들이 사라짐으로서 종다양성을 낮추는 결과를 초래하였다. 2007년에 하층목 중에서 직경이 가장 큰 나무는 11.3cm의 갈참나무였고, 수고가 가장 큰 나무는 9.8m의 층층나무였다. 후계림의 직경급과 수고급에 대한 숫적 분포는 역"J"자 모양을 나타내어 전형적인 이령림 분포가 이루어진 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2002

This study was conducted to analyze the change of soil characteristics effect on the condition of urban forest in Sasang parti located near Sasang Industrial Complex. The results of this study are as follows; 1. Soil hardness is increasing from the area of forest, to the entrance, to facilities in that order. Soil acidity pH4.19∼4.23 in Sasang park indicated a high acidity condition. High levers of K, Na, Mg, Ca are shown in the areas composed of high soil hardness. 2. Pinus thunbergii in the overstory tree layer, Alnus japonica in the understory tree layer, and Rhus sylvestris in the shurb layer are shown respectively as dominant species based on the ground survey and the compution of important value. Pinus thunbergii is decreasing, while Alnus japonica and increasing. 3. Oplismenus undulatifolius which has a strong tolerance for air pollution, is shown as a dominant species of herbaceous plants in Sasang park. There are 10 species of Harbaceous in Sasang park compared to 20 species in Molundae park. This shows that deversity in herbaceous plants are imported by air pollution. 4. Species diversity indices of Sasang park is 0.8738∼0.9700 compared to 1.0817∼ 1.233 in Molundae park is due to the good condition of soil environment in addition to air pollution effects. 5. The vitality of Pinus thunbergii is 16.41∼20.42ER in Sasang park, and 12.42∼ 16.81ER, in Molundae park. This shows that tree vitality are impacted by soil characteristics. The regression analysis between tree vitality and soil environment shows the effects of is soil hardness, soil moisture, soil acidity, K, Na, Mg, Ca.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권3호
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• pp.439-445
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• 2010

소나무와 잣나무 이목이 설치된 장소에서 채집된 천공성곤충은 모두 4과 45종이었으며, 하늘소과 21종, 바구미과 9종, 왕바구미과 2종, 나무좀과 13종이었다. 기생 및 포식천적의 종류는 총 6목 15과 36종이었다. 소나무재선충을 매개하는 북방수염하늘소에 기생, 포식하는 주요천적으로는 Dolichomitus nakamurai와 Echthrus reluctator, 큰쌀도적, 개미붙이 4종이었으며, 기생포식천적(parasitoids)인 Dolichomitus nakamurai 와 Echthrus reluctator는 4월 상순부터 5월 상순까지 발생하며, 주로 충방을 형성하고 그 안에 서식하는 북방수염하늘소의 유충이나 용에 기생하였다. 포식성 천적(predator)인 큰쌀도적, 개미붙이는 4월-10월에 발생되어 천공성 곤충의 유충과 성충을 포식하였다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권5호
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• pp.736-743
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• 2010

This study examined the ecological attributes of classified forest community by cluster analysis in the mixed forest of Mt. Seokbyung Experimental Forest of Gangwon-Do. The vegetation data were collected in randomly established 51 sample plots (2.04 ha) and analysis adopted the cluster analysis, importance value index, and Shannon's diversity index. Main results were as follows; 1) the study area was classified into 4 clusters (A, B, C and D). 2) The cluster A was dominated by Pinus densiflora with an importance value of 71.6%. The most dominant species in the cluster B and cluster C were Larix leptolepis (57.1%) and Quercus mongolica (40.2%), respectively. Finally, The cluster D was dominated by P. densiflora (30.6%) and Q. mongolica (31.0%) with the mixed forest. 3) In the P. densiflora community (cluster A), distribution of DBH class showed a reverse J-shaped curve. In the L. leptolepis community (cluster B), individuals of dominant species had the bell-shaped distribution. Oak species indicated uniform distribution of DBH class (under 25 cm) in the mixed P. densiflora - Q. mongolica community (cluster D). 4) The species diversity index of the communities in descending order were: Pinus densiflora - Q. mongolica community > Larix leptolepis community > Pinus densiflora community > Quercus mongolica community.