• 대한한의학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2000

This study intends to report the significance of several experimental results obtained from analysing the genes extracted from the plants and herbal medicine such as P. temalta (Thunb.) Breit, A. amurense var serratum Nakai, A. erubescens (Wall.) Schott, Pinelliae Tuber and Arisaematis Tuber, mainly by the method of RAPD(randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) and the method of RFLP(restriction fragment length polymorphism) on ITS(internal transcribed spacer) region. Genomic DNA could be extracted from both original plants and dried materials. DNA fragments of P. temata kind and A. amurense kind showed the same aspect separately within the same species under the method of RAPD using random primer, while various aspects(polymorphism) were discovered among different species. In RAPD analysis by uniprimer, common bands were extracted from all types of P. temata in the case of uniprimer #4, which were distinguished from the kind of A. amurense. Other polymorphic bands appeared in between different A. amurense species as well. In the case of uniprimer #11, particular band came out in the kind of P. temata. On the other hand, in the case of uniprimer #5, #6, and #8, various bands(polymorhism) were revealed in both kinds of P. temata and A. amurense. Although further study is needed to ascertain whether these results are due to the differences of species, kinds, or growing place, the results could be used as a scientific method of identifying the substitutes for A. amurense genus. The author believes that as if P. temata class of plants used in this experiment are different among themselves in terms of the shape, size and property, those are clearly a class of P. temata or belong to the same genus.

• 생약학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2014

To identify potential gastrointestinal prokinetic agents, water and 70% ethanol extracts and isolated compounds from 41 different traditional medicinal herbs were evaluated for the stimulation of gastrointestinal (GI) motility in vivo. Of the 41 water and 70% ethanol extracts, 12 extracts were found to enhance GI motility activity in mice by more than 10%. The 12 extracts are as follows: Atractylodes japonica (root), Crataegus pinnatifida (flower), Aucklandia lappa (root), Inula helenium (root), Cynanchum wilfordii (root), Chinese Liriope platyphylla (root), Codonopsis pilosula (root), Glehnia littoralis (root), Pinellia ternate (tuber), Agastache rugosa (aerial part), Angelica decursiva (whole plant), and Peucedanum praeruptorum (whole plant). In particular, the extracts from Atractylodes japonica (root), Cynanchum wilfordii (root) and Angelica decursiva (whole plant) have demonstrated the highest GI motility activity. In addition, 26 isolated compounds from the medicinal herbs were tested, and 8 isolated compounds were found to be active. They are ${\alpha}$-ionone, ${\beta}$-ionone, trans-caryophyllene, cedrol, methyl-3,5-di-O-E-caffeoyl-quinate, lobetyolin, oleoyllinoleoylolein and cis-jasmone. ${\beta}$-ionone from Aucklandia lappa (root) showed the most potent GI motility activity. The active traditional medicinal herbs and isolated compounds might be therapeutically advantageous in the treatment of GI motility disorders.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.162-172
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• 2021

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is the predominant viral pathogen that affects the yield and quality of soybean. The natural host range for SMV is very narrow, and generally limited to Leguminosae. However, we found that SMV can naturally infect Pinellia ternata and Atractylodes macrocephala. In order to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the cross-family infection of SMV, we used double-stranded RNA extraction, rapid amplification of cDNA ends polymerase chain reaction and Gibson assembly techniques to carry out SMV full-length genome amplification from susceptible soybeans and constructed an infectious cDNA clone for SMV. The genome of the SMV Shanxi isolate (SMV-SX) consists of 9,587 nt and encodes a polyprotein consisting of 3,067 aa. SMV-SX and SMV-XFQ008 had the highest nucleotide and amino acid sequence identities of 97.03% and 98.50%, respectively. A phylogenetic tree indicated that SMV-SX and SMV-XFQ018 were clustered together, sharing the closest relationship. We then constructed a pSMV-SX infectious cDNA clone by Gibson assembly technology and used this clone to inoculate soybean and Ailanthus altissima; the symptoms of these hosts were similar to those caused by the virus isolated from natural infected plant tissue. This method of construction not only makes up for the time-consuming and laborious defect of traditional methods used to construct infectious cDNA clones, but also avoids the toxicity of the Potyvirus special sequence to Escherichia coli, thus providing a useful cloning strategy for the construction of infectious cDNA clones for other viruses and laying down a foundation for the further investigation of SMV cross-family infection mechanisms.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2013

Objectives : A quantitative method using high performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector(HPLC-PDA) was established for the quantitative analysis of the four main compound and pattern analysis to classification Piiellia ternate, P. pedatisecta and Typhonium flagelliforme. Methods : The analytical procedure for the determination of P. ternata, together with the known main compounds uracil, uridine, guanosine and adenosine was established. Optimum HPLC-PDA separation of these P. ternata was possible on Luna C18(2) column material, using water and acetonitrile as mobile phase. The method was validated according to regulatory guidelines. In addition, this assay method were analyzed for the content of four main compound in P. ternata, P. pedatisecta and T. flagelliforme and by data obtained from the HPLC-PDA analysis was performed principal component analysis(PCA). Results : Validation results indicated that the HPLC method is well suited for the determination of the roots of P. ternata with a good linearity ($r^2$ > 0.999), precision and recovery rates. Analysis of HPLC-PDA, the average content of uracil, uridine, guanosine and adenosine was significantly higher in P. ternate>P. pedatisecta> T. flagelliforme order. The application of PCA to main compound data by HPLC-PDA permitted the effective discrimination among the three species. Conclusions : Analysis of both HPLC-PDA and PCA confirmed the fact that four main compound and pattern profiles of P. ternata, P. pedatisecta and T. flagelliforme were different from each other.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.165-181
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• 2024

Objectives: This study was aimed to review the global status of adverse event (AE) reports and the characteristics of the reported AEs of plants managed as herbal medicines (HMs) with toxic precautions in Korea. Methods: This is a cross-sectional quantitative study that analyzed information available through VigiAccess, a website that provides summarized statistical information from the WHO's global AE database to the public. VigiAccess was searched in 8 Jan, 2024. Information on the total number of reports, number of reports by year and continent, and the age and gender of patients were obtained, and the types of frequently reported AEs were also reviewed. Results: Data on the status of report submissions were obtained for a total of 9 HMs including Aconitum ciliare, Aconitum carmichaeli, Arisaema japonicum, Pinellia ternata, Euphorbiae Lathyridis, Croton tiglium, Strychni Ignatii, Strychnons nux-vomica, and Linum usitatissimum. The number of reports per HM was from 1 to 137. The most commonly reported type of AEs were gastrointestinal disorders in most of the HMs, followed by neurological disorders. Serious adverse events were reported only in Strychni Ignatii, Strychnons nux-vomica, and Linum usitatissimum, including one case of death. Conclusions: This study shows the status of reported AEs of botanicals considered as HMs with toxic precautions in Korea based on real world data. However, when interpreting the findings of this study, readers should consider the significant limitations of this study mainly because of the characteristics of the data source.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.133-141
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• 1995

약용 식물의 추출액이 자가영양배양세포의 광합성전자전달계에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 9종의 약용식물 추출액으로부터 종자발아, PA세포의 엽록소 억제정도, DCIP의 환원율, 세포 생존율, 광계 I의 전자전달활성, 단백질에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 식물의 추출액을 농도별로 처리하였을 때 10％ 처리시 전 식물체에서 상추의 발아억제 현상을 나타내었고, 특히 백두옹과 초오 추출물 10％ 처리시는 100％ 억제를 나타내었다. 2. 백두옹의 증류수 및 MeOH 추출액을 PA세포에 처리한 경우 엽록소의 생성을 100％ 억제 하 였다. 이는 광합성 전자전달 저해제로 알려진 DCMU 10-3M 처리와 동일한 억제 효과였다. 3. PA세포에 추출물 처리시 백두옹이 힐반응 억제가 가장 컸으며, 세포 생존력은 가장 낮았다. 4. 광합성 산소발생은 반하, 독활, 백두옹, 만형자 추출액 처리시 14-77％ 억제되었고, 특히 PA 세포 2ml 반응액에 백두옹 추출물 60rl 처리시 50％ 산소발생 억제를 나타내었다. 5. 추출액을 PA 세포에 처리한 후 단백질을 추출하여 SDS-PAGE를 이용하여 조사한 결과 대조구에 비하여 백두옹 추출물 10％ 처리에서 14KD, 31KD, 41KD, 53KD, 73KD의 밴드가 나타나지 않았다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.246-250
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• 1994

반하(半夏)의 엽절편(葉切片)을 배양(培養)하여 유도(誘導)한 Callus로부터 식물재분화(植物再分化)에 미치는 온도(溫度)와 광조건(光條件) 그리고 기내(器內) 괴경(塊莖) 비대(肥大)를 위한 배지내(培地內) 실소원(室素源)의 영향(影響) 등에 대하여 검토(檢討)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 엽절(葉切)으로부터의 Callus 형성(形成)과 기관분화(器官分化)에는 2, 4-D 또는 NAA의 첨가(添加)가 IAA 첨가(添加)보다 좋았으며, 배양조건(培養條件)으로는 $26^{\circ}C$에서 8시간(時間)/ 일(日), 명배양(明培)하는 것이 효과적(效果的)이었다. 2. Callus로부터 식물체(植物體)를 재분화하기 위한 적정배지(適正培地)는 MS 배지(培地)에 BA $2mg/{\ell}$를 첨가(添加)하였을 때 좋았으며, 배양환경(培養環境)은 $26^{\circ}C$에서 $16{\sim}24$시간(時間)/일(日) 명배양(明培養)시키는 것이 좋았다. 3. 배지내(培地內)에 $KNO_3\;3.0g/{\ell}$처리(處理)하였을 때 식물체(植物體) 재분화배지(再分化培地) MS+BA $2mg/{\ell}$에 비하여 기내괴경(器內塊莖)의 비대(肥大)가 2.5배(培) 이상(以上)에 달하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.23-35
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• 1994

황해쑥은 독특한 향취가 나고, 군락을 이루는 경우가 많으며 약용으로 많이 쓰이는 다년생 초본이다. 황해쑥의 잎에는 어떤 화학물질이 함유되어 있으며 이들이 식물의 생장에 어떠한 효과를 나타내는지 조사하기 위하여 황해쑥의 잎 수용추출액을 농도별로 준비하여 새, 돌피, 소리쟁이, 상치의 발아실험을 실시했다. 그 결과 용식물의 종류별로 정도의 차이는 있었지만 발아가 억제되었다. 위와 같은 방법으로 생장시킨 4종의 식물에 유식물 신장생장은 앞의 발아 실험결과보다 덜 억제적이었다. 그런데 위의 추출액을 화분에 심은 식물에 공급하여 생장시킨 쇠무릅 식물은 발아, 신장 그리고 건중량생장이 모두 추출액 농도염가에 차등적으로 현저하게 억제되었다. 그러나 황해쑥 잎과 줄기에서 방산되는 휘발성 물질을 써서 실시한 발아와 유식물 신장생장실험 결과는 발아의 경우보다 신장시험의 값이 더 저조하게 나타났다. 그래서 황해쑥 잎에서 뽑은 청유로 돌피의 발아와 생장을 실험한 결과 대체로 높은 값을 얻었을 뿐 억제현상은 나타나지 않았다. 한편, 황해쑥의 청유를 써서 미샘물의 생장실험을 실시한 결과 대조구보다 실험구의 생장이 약간 억제되었고 또 반하와 벼 식물의 조직배양결과는 callus 생장율이 청유농도의 증가에 따라 심하게 억제되었다. 그래서 황해쑥에는 생장 제물질이 함유된 것으로 판명되었기에 GC/MS로 황해쑥잎을 화학분석하여 61종류의 성분을 처음으로 분리확인하였고 이들은 terpenoid가 대부분이었다. 이들중 9종류를 선택하여 생물학적 정량실험을 실시했으나 돌피의 발아와 생장율은 대조구와 실험구의 값이 거의 같은 정도로 큰 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 종자발아시험, 어린식물 신장생장, 미생물 생장, 조직배양 실험결과를 종합해 보면 황해쑥에 함유된 천연 화학물질은 식물생장에 억제효과가 있음이 입증되었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1100-1105
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• 2002

This thesis aims to provide an analytical basis for existing or new prescriptions based on the theory for properties and tastes of Korean oriental herbal medicines. To this end, prescriptions presented in 「the Various Changes in the Dominations of the Six Energies and their Relations with the Diseases」 of 『Plain Questions』 were analyzed based on the theory for properties and tastes of Korean oriental herbal medicines in 『Yellow Emperor's Canon Internal Medicine』. This thesis focused on symptoms and prescriptions based on the theory for properties and tastes of Korean oriental herbal medicines, which were described in 「the Various Changes in the Dominations of the Six Energies and their Relations with the Diseases」 of 『Plain Questions』 with regard to the year when Kweoleum is affecting the earth energy and the wind energy is partially over-abundant. Those symptoms and prescriptions originate from the theory of the five elements and six climates. The symptoms were analyzed from the perspective of physiology. The prescriptions were first analyzed based on the theory for properties and tastes of Korean oriental herbal medicines in 『Yellow Emperor's Canon Internal Medicine』. Then, a mix formula of oriental medicines pursuant to those prescriptions was studied. Lastly, proper prescriptions from 『Treatise of Cold-Induced Diseases』, which were in conformity with the above prescriptions, were selected. From the physiological point of view, symptoms with regard to the year when Kweoleum is affecting the earth energy and the wind energy is partially over-abundant can be, based on the theory of the five elements and six climates, diagnosed as the symptoms from impaired spleen and stomach due to excessive wind energy. Prescriptions from 『Treatise of Cold-Induced Diseases』pursuant to prescriptions based on the theory for properties and tastes of Korean oriental herbal medicines can be broken down into the following: pinellia decoction for reducing stomach-fire(Banhasasimtang); ginger decoction for reducing stomach-fire(Saenggangsasimtang); liquorice root decoction for reducing stomach-fire(Gamchosasimtang); and Chinese goldthread decoction(Hwangryentang). Therefore, symptoms of six kinds of weather presented in 「the Various Changes in the Dominations of the Six Energies and their Relations with the Diseases」 of 『Plain Questions』 can be analyzed from the physiological point of view. As a result, in addition to the methodology that analyzes existing prescriptions within the boundary of the theory for properties and tastes of Korean oriental herbal medicines in 『Yellow Emperor's Canon Internal Medicine』, it is expected that a theoretical basis for new prescriptions can be provided by analyzing prescriptions from 『Treatise of Cold-Induced Diseases』, based on prescriptions from the theory for properties and tastes of Korean oriental herbal medicines.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2008

After translating the contents of "Treatise on Bundon Disease in Chapter 8 of the Essence of the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber" and it was compared with the contents of "The Lecture of Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber" and speculated to review the characteristics of the comments of Ui(尤怡) and the following conclusions were made. As the causes of bundon(奔豚) disease, which means gas rushing like a running piggy from the lower abdomen to the throat, they could be categorized into the cases belongs to miscellaneous diseases (雜病) and into the cases of suffering from cold diseases(傷寒). If it was diagnosed as miscellaneous disease, terror and fear(驚恐) could be regarded as its cause and if it was diagnosed as cold disease, insufficiency of heart Gi(心氣) due to the excessive sweating and the invasion of exterior coldness could be regarded as its cause. As the pathogenesis of this disease, the pathogenic factors of liver and kidney could be found. Since the liver and Soyang meridian(少陽經) are subjected to the exterior and interior relation in case of the pathogenic factor of liver, alternate attacks of chills and fever(寒熱往來) could be characteristic for the disease. If this disease was caused by the pathogenic factor of kidney, there are two cases. One is the palpitation under the umbilicus(欲作奔豚: 臍下動悸) developed by the lack of heart Gi(心氣) and the other is gas rushing like a running piggy from the lower abdomen to the throat which could be developed by the exterior cold disease which invade into the interior and reach into the kidney when the heart Gi(心氣) was insufficient. In its treatment, bundon disease caused by the pathogenic factor of liver could be treated with Bundontang(奔豚湯), and the understanding of Ui(尤怡) on Pinellia ternata Breitenbach(半夏) having the effect of perspiration in the prescription is quite unique concept. In case of bundon disease caused by the pathogenic factor of kidney, treatment is focused to treat exterior coldness by applying moxibustion(灸) and Gyejigagyetang(桂技加桂湯), and in case of the palpitation under the umbilicus(欲作奔豚: 臍下動悸), its pathogenic factor of kidney is controlled with Cinnamomum louerii Nees(桂技), Polia cocos Walf and the spleen Gi(脾氣) is cared by using Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer et. De Candolle(甘草) and Zizyphus jujuba Mill(大棗). Especially, Ui(尤怡) emphasized Cinnamomum louerii Nees(桂技) as the medication to treat the pathogenic factor of kidney.