• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.3.1-3.8
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• 2024

This article is a narrative review that discusses the recommended sample size requirements to design a pilot study to assess the reliability of a questionnaire. A list of various sample size tables that are based on the kappa agreement test, intra-class correlation test and Cronbach's alpha test has been compiled together. For all calculations, type I error (alpha) was set at a maximum value of 0.05, and power was set at a minimum value of 80.0%. For the kappa agreement test, intra-class correlation test, and Cronbach's alpha test, the recommended minimum sample size requirement based on the ideal effect sizes shall be at least 15, 22, and 24 subjects respectively. By making allowances for a non-response rate of 20.0%, a minimum sample size of 30 respondents will be sufficient to assess the reliability of the questionnaire. The clear guideline of minimum sample size requirement for the pilot study to assess the reliability of a questionnaire is discussed and this will ease researchers in preparation for the pilot study. This study provides justification for a minimum requirement of a sample size of 30 respondents specifically to test the reliability of a questionnaire.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2003년도 춘계종합학술대회
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• pp.313-316
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 교량의 건전도 감시용 계측 유닛에 사용되는 충전시스템을 위한 교량의 상시진동을 이용한 자립형 진동발전기에 대하여 연구하였다. 본 연구에서는 전기자 반작용의 영향을 최소화한 진동발전기를 제안하고, 기계적 및 전기적인 설계식을 유도한 다음, 시험용 진동발전기를 제작하였다. 아울러, 실내 자유진동 실험을 수행하였고, 축전시스템에 대한 실험 결과, 정류기에 사용된 다이오드 특성이 충전과정에서 지배적임을 확인하였다. 또한, 남해대교의 진동 데이터를 Pilot 발전기에 적용하여 시뮬레이션 한 결과 진동발전기의 적용성과 효용성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.64-72
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• 2012

The interest in wind power generation area such as developing and operating wind-diesel pilot complex in remote and island regions that have difficulty in having power plant and connecting to power system is growing rapidly in the world. We have installed and researched the hybrid system in Sekgok Pilot Complex to meet the new generation system. From the monitored data of the system, the performance of each diesel power plant is outstanding. However, step out problem was detected with respect to load sharing and synchronization with decentralized power supply. An advanced controller design having better response time and stability is needed to solve such problem. In this paper, we proposed the algorithm, through digital controller of Governor, which is applied to hybrid system. As a result, we obtained the stable frequency value in variable loading conditions. Also, we proved the advanced response time and stability through the simulation and experiment by applying additional current signal to the control algorithm.

• 융합신호처리학회 학술대회논문집
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• 한국신호처리시스템학회 2000년도 하계종합학술대회논문집
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• pp.61-64
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 cdma2000 규격을 채용한 역방향 링크 동기식 DS-CDMA 시스템을 시뮬레이션 하여 시스템의 성능을 분석하려다 cdma2000 시스템은 기존의 IS-95와는 달리 Pilot 채널을 이용하여 페이딩 채널을 추정하고 이를 이용하여 채널 환경에 의한 수신신호의 위상변화를 보상해 준다. 채널 추정필이 31pcg 심볼에서 Pilot 채널과 Traffic 채널의 최적의 전력비를 구하였다. 또한 시스템에 Power Control을 적용하여 Target FER을 만족시키기 위한 required Eb/No를 구하였고, 서로 다른 데이터율의 사용자가 동시에 전송할 때의 성능을 분석하였다.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.5-10
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• 2014

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제30권10A호
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• pp.922-929
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 직접대역 확산 통신 기법을 사용하는 이동통신 시스템에서 하향링크상의 무선신호를 이용하여 오버헤드 채널상의 정보를 취득하고 이 정보를 이용하여 파일롯 채널을 생성함으로써 기지국 간 하드핸드오프를 가능하게 하는 적응형 파일롯 비콘 장치를 제안한다. 본 적응형 파일롯 비콘 장치는 무선 신호 중에서 파일롯 채널 만을 선별하여 생성 및 전송하므로 상대적으로 낮은 전력으로 서비스가 가능하며, CDMA 수신부에서 하향링크상의 파일롯 채널로부터 기지국의 시간동기 및 주파수 동기를 획득하여 장치의 오프셋을 보정하므로 GPS에 의한 시간동기가 필요하지 않으며 기지국 순방향 신호의 수신이 가능한 임의의 장소에 설치가 가능한 장점이 있다. CDMA수신기에서 하향링크 파일롯 신호를 탐색하는 파일롯 서처는 FPGA와 DSP를 이용하며, FPGA에서 구현된 파일롯 서처는 초기동기 획득용으로 사용되곤 DSP에서 구현되는 파일롯 서처는 비콘장치의 클럭과 기지국 장치의 클럭사이에 발생하는 오프셋 오차를 보정하는 역할을 수행한다. 적응형 파일롯 비콘 장치의 CDMA 송신부는 CDMA 수신부에서 취득한 파일롯 채널의 시간정보인 타임오프???V을 이용하여, 기지국에 동기된 하향링크 파일롯 신호를 생성한다. FIR필터를 통하여 출력된 1차 중간주파신호는 RF모듈웨서 상향변환된 후 고출력증폭기와 안테나를 통하여 방사하게 된다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.470-477
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• 2010

The IGCC (Integrated gasification combined cycle) is known for one of the highest efficiency and the lowest emitting coal fueled power generating technologies. As the core technology of this system is the gasifier to make the efficiency and the continuous operation time increase, the research about different coal's gasification has been conducted. Our research group had set-up the coal gasifier for the pilot test to study the effect of different coals-Shenhua and Adaro coal- on gasification characteristics. Gasification conditions like temperature and pressure were controlled at a fixed condition and coal feed rate was also controlled 30 kg/h to retain the constant experimental condition. Through this study we found effects of coal composition and $O_2$/coal ratio on the cold gas efficiency, carbon conversion rate. The compounds of coal like carbon and ash make the performance of gasifier change. And carbon conversion rate was decreased with reduced $O_2$/coal ratio. The optical $O_2$/coal ratio is 0.8 for the highest cold gas efficiency approximately. At those operating conditions, the higher coal has the C/H ratio, the lower syn-gas has the $H_2$/CO ratio.

• 유공압시스템학회논문집
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.20-24
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• 2006

Air balancer is a conveyance cargo-handling machine, used in assembly and process lines of car and machining industries. This can lift up an object, the weight of which is from 5 to 200 kg, and moves it to a position. As industrial technologies evolve, it is required to move an object and fit it into a specified position with greater accuracy, rather than performing simple tasks such as lifting objects up and down as conventional ones do. There is also a demand to handle an object with one hand, rather than with two hands,. Through designs of manifold unit for an air balancer function, pilot regulator unit to keep pressure constant, hand unit for an accurate load perception function, and air balancer circuit, this study enables everybody to work it with ease and convenience. Experiments and comparisons were conducted for the performance evaluation of the circuit.

• 유공압시스템학회논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2011

Because of the increasing demand on the high precision and high response of a machinery, proportional control valves are widely adopted at various application fields. This paper studies on the static and dynamic characteristics of a pilot proportional pressure control valve. An experimental apparatus including hydraulic pump, variable speed inverter, pressure and flow sensors and data aquisition system was set up. And various experiments such as P-Q-V curves, step responses due to input voltage and flow rate, hysteresis, frequency response of the proportional valve was carried out and the results are discussed.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1996년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국내학술편); 포항공과대학교, 포항; 24-26 Oct. 1996
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• pp.609-611
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• 1996

Zero-Cross Detector makes pilot signal to control the power to CEDM(Control Element Drive Mechanism). Existing Zero-Cross Detectors has had a problem which can cause unexpected reactor trip resulted from fluctuating frequency of input signal coming from M/G Set. The existing Zero-Cross Detector can't work properly when power frequency is varying because it was designed to work under stable M/G Set operation, and produces wrong pilot signal and output voltage. In this report the Zero-Cross Detector is improved to resolve voltage fluctuating problem by using new devices such as digital noise filtering circuit, variable cycle compensator and alarm circuit. And through the performance verification it shows that new circuit is better than old one. If suggested detector is applied to plant, it is possible to use it under House Load Operation because stable voltage can be generated by new Zero-Cross Detector.