• 미생물학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.63-68
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• 1973

Thirtythree strains of the Aspergillus spp. isolated from foodstuffs were observed through some physiological characteristics for detection of identification key of Aspergillus spp. 1) Each strain of Aspergillus spp. had their specific characteristics and could be used for identification of species. 2) Excellent amylase-producing fungi were observed among the isolated strains of Aspergillus spp. 3) Amylase activities increased for one week incubation period. 4) In the tests of common characters of aflatoxin-producing fungi among the 33 strains of Aspergillus spp., for example, conidial size, presence of sclerotia, kojic acid, and pigment production, coloration of phenol, reduction of methylene blue, etc.

• 미생물과산업
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.8-17
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• 2000

Aspergillus을 이용하여 생리적 제 성질을 조사하였던 바 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1)각 균주들은 각각 그들의 특성을 가지고 있었으며 이로서 균동정의 가능성을 나타내었다. 2)Amylase측정결과에서 보면 비교적 역가가 높은 균주들이 관찰되었으며, 이는 일주간의 배양시간의 경과에 따라 역가가 증가하였으나 protease의 역가는 우수한 균주를 발견키가 어려웠다. Iodine의 착색대와 비착색대의 비율에 의한 역가의 정성적인 측정이 가능하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.153-160
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• 1999

Storage stability of boiled and freeze dried loach and antioxidative effect of Zanthoxylum schinifolium were studied to confirm the possibility in development of instant choo o tang(Korean traditional loach soup). Packaging and storage temperature did not cause a measurable change in in vitro protein digestibility and trypsin indigestible substrate within 45 days of storage but remarkable quality changes were occurred in all samples stored after 60 days. Vacuum packaging and low temperature storage(4 oC) had some effect in retarding protein quality deterioration due to delaying polyunsaturated fatty acid oxidation. Maximum peroxide value and TBA value were reached in 15 days, and there were a slow(TBA value) and rapid reduction(POV) after peaks were reached. In contrast, increasing brown pigment development and fluorescence intensity continued until 90 days of storage. Treatment of ethanolic extracts from Zanthoxylum schinifolium prior to freeze drying could protect against lipid oxidation of freeze dried loach products.

• 환경생물
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.62-72
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• 2018

진주만 해역에서의 식물플랑크톤 시공간적 군집 분포와이를 조절하는 환경요인을 파악하기 위해 물리, 화학적인 환경조사와 더불어 UPLC-CHEMTAX program을 이용한 식물플랑크톤 군집특성분석을 수행하였다. 본 연구해역에서의 Chlorophyll ${\alpha}$ 농도는 평균 $1.84{\mu}gL^{-1}$ ($0.13{\sim}9.03{\mu}gL^{-1}$)로 얕은 수심과 조석의 혼합이 활발한 본 연구해역에서 겨울철 식물플랑크톤 현존량이 높게 나타났다. 또한 본 연구해역에서 나타난 주요 식물플랑크톤 군집 중 규조류가 연구기간 동안 평균 77.1%로 대부분 우점하였으나, 하계 (6월, 7월, 8월) 은편모류 (7.7~18.8%), 담녹조류 (7.8~17.3%), 와편모류 (4.9~13.9%)의 분포비율을 나타내었다. 특히 은편모류와 담녹조류는 현미경으로 검경하기 어려운 군집이며, 동기간 보고된 현미경 관찰결과에도 나타나지 않아 향후 이들 군집에 대한 면밀한 조사가 필요할 것으로 판단되었다. 본 연구를 통해 UPLC 활용하여 진주만 어장 생태계의 기초 생산자이자 먹이원으로 작용하는 식물플랑크톤의 생물량 및 시공간적 변동특성을 확인할 수 있었다. 아울러 현미경 검경으로 확인하기 어려운 은편모류와 담녹조류 군집이 하계에 상대적으로 높은 비율을 나타내는 것을 UPLC로 확인할 수 있었고, 이러한 결과는 향후 1차 생산에 관여하는 식물플랑크톤의 계절 변화의 기초정보로 유용하게 이용될 것이다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.427-435
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• 2003

Growth and pigment responses to different levels of solar radiation with or without ultraviolet (UV)-B component $({\lambda}=280-315nm)$ were investigated in Antarctic rhodophytes, Kallymenia antarctica and Palmaria decipiens, collected around King George Island during the summer of 2000. In K. antarctica specific growth rate, based on thallus area or fresh weight, decreased with increasing solar irradiances while P. decipiens were relatively insensitive to the effects of light. It is noticeable that the presence or absence of UV-B had no significant effect on growth for either species. However, K. antarctica showed a more pronounced reduction in chlorophyll (Chl a) concentrations at higher irradiances in the presence of UV-B. In P. decipiens, Chl a concentrations did not differ despite radiation level fluctuations being lower albeit than initial measurements. Thallus thickness was greater in K. antarctica than in P. decipiens. There were higher relative amounts of UV-absorbing pigments (UVAPs) in P. decipiens than in K, antarctica. The single absorbance peak obtained from the methanol extracts was resolved into three (316,332 and 346nm) in K. antarctica and four peaks (315,326,333 and 349 nm) in Palmaria as a result of the fourth-derivative. After 7 days exposure to solar radiation, the amount of UVAPs in K. antarctica was significantly reduced to a similar degree at all light levels, whereas that of P. decipiens remained unchanged except at 5% of surface irradiance. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of purified extracts indicated that P. decipiens possesses porphyra-334 in addition to three other mycosporine-like anlino acids (MAAs; asterina-330, palythine, shinorine), which are commonly present in K. antarctica. Significantly lower tolerance of K. antarctica to high levels of solar radiation may be connected with its usual absence in the eulittoral, while the active growth and elastic pigment responses of P. decipiens over a wide range of solar irradiance levels up to full sunlight seems to correspond well with its wide vertical distribution from rock pools down to 25-30m.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.1349-1356
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• 2017

$K^+$ 통로 개방제들은 심근, 뇌, 골격근 등에서 세포막 혹은 미토콘드리아 내막에 존재하는 큰 전도성의 $Ca^{2+}$-의 존성 $K^+$ (BK) 통로 및 ATP-조절성 $K^+$ 통로(ATP-sensitive $K^+$ channels, $K_{ATP}$)에 작용하여 허혈성 혹은 산화성 세포 손상을 완화하는 효과가 있는 것으로 보고되어 있다. 본 연구에서는 망막 색소 상피세포주인 ARPE-19 세포를 실험 모델로 하여 큰 전도성의 BK 통로 개방제인 NS 1619가 유사한 보호 효과를 나타낼 수 있는지, 또한 그 작용기전이 무엇인지를 확인하고자 하였다. AREE-19 세포를 여러 형태의 산화 스트레스에 노출시켜 세포 손상을 유발하고 그 손상의 정도 및 이에 미치는 NS 1619의 효과를 trypan blue 배출능, Tunel 염색 분석을 통하여 측정하였다. NS 1619는 여러 형태의 산화 스트레스에 의한 괴사성 및 apoptosis에 의한 세포 손상을 효과적으로 방지하였으며 그 보호 효과는 BK 통로 봉쇄제인 paxilline 의해 차단되었다. NS 1619는 $H_2O_2$에 의한 세포내 ATP 고갈을 현저히 완화시켰으며, 또한 MTT 환원능으로 측정한 미토콘드리아의 기능을 보호하는 효과를 보였다. 유세포형광 분석법을 이용한 실험에서 NS 1619는 $H_2O_2$에 의한 미토콘드리아 막전압의 소실을 유의하게 방지하였다. 이상의 결과들을 종합하면 NS 1619는 망막 색소 상피세포에서 산화성 세포 손상을 방지하는 효과를 나타내며 그 기전에 미토콘드리아 기능에 대한 보호 작용이 연관되어 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.375-380
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• 2018

We have previously found that mycelia culture broth of eight kinds of traditional herbal extracts fermented with Phellinus linteus (previously named as 8-HsPLCB) not only inhibited melanin and tyrosinase activity, but also reduced the contents of melanogenesis-related proteins, including tyrosinase and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, in 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine-stimulated B16F0 melanoma cells. For a further study, the effect of 8-HsPLCB against skin pigmentation in brown guinea pigs with ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced hyperpigmentation was investigated. 8-HsPLCB (3%) and arbutin (2%) as positive controls were applied topically twice daily for 4 weeks to the hyperpigmented areas. 8-HsPLCB showed skin-lightening effect as effective as arbutin, one of the most widely used in whitening cosmetics. Melanin index values as the degree of pigmentation showed a significant reduction week by week post 8-HsPLCB treatment and then substantially reduced by 4 weeks. The degree of depigmentation after 4 weeks of topical application with 8-HsPLCB was 32.2% as compared with before treatment (0 week). Moreover, using Fontana-Masson staining and hematoxylin-eosin staining, 8-HsPLCB reduced melanin pigmentation in the basal layer of the epidermis and epidermal thickness changes exposed to the UV-B irradiation as compared with non-treatment and vehicle treatment. The intensity of the skin-lightening effect of 8-HsPLCB was similar to arbutin. These results suggest that the skin-lightening effect of 8-HsPLCB might be resulted from inhibition of melanin synthesis by tyrosinase in melanocytes. To conclude, 8-HsPLCB treatment showed reduction of the melanin pigment and histological changes induced by UV irradiation in brown guinea pigs.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제69권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2024

High soil salinity is the most severe threat to global rice production as it causes a significant decline in rice yield. Here, we investigated the effects of various plant extracts on rice plant stress associated with high salinity. Additionally, we examined various physiological and biochemical parameters such as growth, photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll content, and lipid peroxidation - in rice plants after treatment with selected plant extracts under salt stress conditions. Of the 11 extracts tested, four - soybean leaf, soybean stem, moringa (Moringa oleifera), and Undaria pinnatifida extracts - were found to effectively reduce salt stress. A reduction of only 3-23% in shoot fresh weight was observed in rice plants under salt stress that were treated with these extracts, compared to the 43% reduction observed in plants that were exposed to stress but not given plant extract treatments (control plants). The effectiveness varied with the concentration of the plant extracts. Water content was higher in rice plants treated with the extracts than in the control plants after 6 d of salt stress, but not after 4 d of salt stress. Although photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm), electron transport rate (ETR), and the content of pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoid) varied based on the types and levels of stress and the extracts that the rice plants were treated with, generally, photosynthetic efficiency and pigment content were higher in the treated rice compared to control plants. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and malondialdehyde (MDA), increased as the duration of stress increased. ROS and MDA levels were lower in the treated rice than in the control plants. Proline and soluble sugar accumulation also increased with the duration of the stress period. However, proline and soluble sugar accumulation were lower in the treated rice than in the control plants. Generally, the values of all the parameters investigated in this study were similar, regardless of the plant extract used to treat the rice plants. Thus, the extracts found to be effective can be used to alleviate the adverse effects of stress on rice crops associated with high-salinity soils.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.82-88
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• 2017

Ink-jet printing techniques with ceramic ink, which contains ceramic pigments as colorant, are in increasingly use in the ceramic industry. Generally, ceramic pigments that are produced by conventional method show diameters of several micrometers; these micrometer sized particles in the ink-jet printing process can cause undesirable behavior such as print head nozzle clogging. To prevent this problem, a particle size reduction process is required. In this study, CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, black) pigments were synthesized via solid state method. Each pigment particle was milled to submicron size by an attrition mill. The effects of micronizing on the morphology, mechanical property, crystal structure and color property of the CMYK ceramic pigments were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), particle size analysis (PSA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and CIE $L^{\ast}a^{\ast}b^{\ast}$.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2015

PURPOSES : This study suggests the application of glow line marking technology for reducing traffic accidents at nighttime. METHODS : In this study, using a statistical analysis, we analyzed the characteristics of traffic accidents occurring at nighttime. Next, the strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat (SWOT) factors were derived based on a current-status analysis of glow line marking technology and road environments. An SO strategy, ST strategy, WO strategy, and WT strategy were established in accordance with the four SWOT factors. RESULTS : This study suggests that the following strategies should be promoted to apply glow line marking technology to a road environment: 1) an activation strategy for the technological development of glow line markings for a new paradigm in reducing traffic accidents, 2) a benefit enhancement strategy applying glow line marking technology in places where nighttime traffic accidents frequently occur, 3) a strategy for the expansion of glow line marking by replacing streetlights, and 4) a strategy for enhancing road applications through the development of various line marking methods in consideration of both performance and costs. CONCLUSIONS : The application of glow line markings in a road environment can contribute to a reduction of traffic accidents at nighttime, and aid energy savings from the replacement of streetlights.