• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.47-53
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• 2004

In this experiment the effects of the packing structure of pigment on the surface characteristics (smoothness and gloss) of coated paper are studied. Four different kinds of inorganic pigments(clay), ground calcium carbonate(GCC), two of precipitated calcium carbonates(PCC), and two organic pigments(solid bead and hollow type) were used. The method of measuring the relative sediment volume(RSV) was used to analyze the packing structure of coating layer. The relative sediment volume was measured, using the pressure dewatering dry-cake method(PDDM) and centrifuge method. Also, the particle size distribution of coating pigment was determined. The results showed that small amount of organic pigment, added to inorganic pigment, improved smoothness and its effect was greater when GCC was used as inorganic pigment. The efficiency of organic pigment depended upon the inorganic pigment since the organic pigment is packed in the pores formed by the inorganic pigment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.04c
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• pp.50-53
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• 2008

In this work, the $TiO_2$ pigment influence in HDPE dielectric strength was analyzed. Chemical and structural characterizations were made to identify changes during the processing and your influence in the electrical properties. Formulations containing 0, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 4 and 6 of titanium dioxide were processed by extrusion and injection molding with stabilization-antioxidants, ultraviolet stabilizers and plasticizers. The electrical strength tests were analyzed by the statistical distribution of Weibull, and the maximum likelihood method. The high concentrations present lower values to electrical strength. The $\beta$ parameter could be using to insulator particles dispersion. The $TiO_2$ concentration variation shows that these incorporations implicate strength values increase has a maximum (5,35MV/cm). High pigment concentration induces a little falls in property values. Observing the $\beta$ parameter, minimum experiment electric field (Ebmin) and electric strength value, found that the best electric perform formulation was the formulation with 2.5% $TiO_2$ weight.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 2003

Printing inks are mainly composed of pigment and vehicles. Among these components, the Vehicle affect the rheologic property of the ink the most but pigment content or characteristic also affect to the fluidity property not less than the vehicle. In the study, with the same vehicle on each sample, by making the sample to increase pigment content gradually. It can be examined the influence of the pigment to the fluidity of ink. In result we found that the viscosity value of the low shear rate rang has relatively higher value with increasing the pigment content in the ink. According to higher pigment content, yield stress and thixotropy index increases gradually. Structure recovery of the ink is that, the higher pigment content's ink, the less changing shear rate, and it takes less time to recover.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.331-332
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• 2007

In this work, the TiO2 pigment influence in HDPE dielectric strength was analyzed. Chemical and structural characterizations were made to identify changes during the processing and your influence in the electrical properties, formulations containing 0, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 4 and 6 of titanium dioxide were processed by extrusion and injection molding with stabilization-antioxidants, ultraviolet stabilizers and plasticizers. The electrical strength tests were analyzed by the statistical distribution of Weibull, and the maximum likelihood method. The high concentrations present lower values to electrical strength. The parameter could be using to insulator panicles dispersion. The TiO2 concentration variation shows that these incorporations implicate strength values increase has a maximum (5,35MV/cm). High pigment concentration induces a little falls in property values. Observing the parameter, minimum experiment electric field (Ebmin) and electric strength value, found that the best electric perform formulation was the formulation with 2.5% TiO2 weight.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.104-111
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• 2004

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of inorganic pigments on the physical properties of cement mortar. For this purpose, the compressive strength and absorption test were carried out on cement mortar imxed with inorganic pigments by changing the proportion of cement mortar, water-cement ratio, and ratio of pigment. The result of this study can be summarized as follows: the compressive strength of colored mortar rapidely increased in red and yellow mortar, as the mix ratio of pigment increased. In case of green and black mortar, however, the compressive strength decresed as the mix ratio incresed. In case of red and yellow mortar, the absorption of colored mortar increased as the mixing ratio increased, if the mean particle diameter of the pigment is small. In case of green and black mortar, the absorption ratio decreased as the mix ratio increased. After investigating the overall physical properties of colored mortar, it was confirmed that the proper mix ratio of pigment securing the properties of colored mortar was below 6% of the weight of the cement to be used.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.267-270
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• 2000

In general, pigment production can be influenced by the medium composition, pH and physical factors such as aeration, agitation, and visible light. The influence of gaseous environments on the pigment production by Monascus purpureus ATCC 16365 was investigated by controlling the DO (dissolved oxygen) concentration through aeration and agitation. When the DO concentration was controlled below 20%, the production of red pigment significantly increased whereas the biomass production decreased. Therefore, the dissolved oxygen concentration could significantly affect the biosynthesis of red pigment as a secondary metabolite by a wild-type filamentous fungus under the anaerobic condition. The results indicate a high potential of enhancing the productivity of the red pigment as a secondary metabolite through controlling the DO concentration.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

The effects of several factors including organic pigment blending and calending conditions on the surface and optical properties of coated paper were investigated. When clay and calcium carbonate are blended in the ratio of 7 to 3, highest smoothness and relative sediment volume were obtained. When organic pigments were added to the mixture of clay and calcium carbonate, the relative sediment volume did not changed significantly. However, when organic pigments were added to calcium carbonate, sheet gloss and smoothness were improved, and showed the better results than that obtained from the mixture of organic pigment and clay. When organic pigment is blended with clay, the particles of organic pigment are buried in the packing structure of coating layer. However, the particle shape of calcium carbonate is quite different from that of clay, and the aspect ratio of calcium carbonate is similar to that of organic pigment. Thus organic pigment particles are not buried and improved effectively the physical characteristics of coating layer. When the hollow sphere pigment was blended, opacity and sheet gloss were improved significantly. Even though the coating color applied was reduced, the similar level of opacity was maintained. Also, if particle size and void volume are increased, gloss is improved, because coating layer is easily transformed in calendering. Therefore, even though lower pressure was applied during calendering, the smoothness of surface of coating layer was improved, and the decrease of void volume in coating layer was reduced, and the quality of coated sheet can be improved.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.1169-1177
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to investigate the change of the weight loss, tensile strength, flex stiffness, and color-values of the pigment-dyed cotton, polyester/cotton, polyester and nylon fabrics after washing process. Pigment-dyed cotton and polyester/cotton fabrics were treated with the cellulase, of which concentrations were 0, 1, 3 and 5g/l. The time of washing process ranges from 30 to 120 minutes. Pigment-dyed polyester and nylon fabrics were treated without enzyme, of which the washing temperature were 13, 30, $55^{\circ}C$ and the washing time ranges from 30 to 120 minutes. Also, they were tested in terms of the influences of agitation speed(rpm) and additives such as softeners, enzymes, detergents. The weight loss and tensile strength of the pigment-dyed cotton and polyester/cotton fabrics were positively correlated with the concentration of cellulase and washing time. Neither polyester nor nylon fabrics exhibited any change of the weight. All fabrics showed the decline of flex stiffness and decoloration after washing process. Decoloration of cotton and polyester/cotton fabrics was due to both the influence of cellulase and the mechanical rubbing. On the other hand, that of polyester and nylon fabrics was caused by the mechanical rubbing only.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.27-37
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• 1957

High-fire stain is influenced by the conditions of glaze, firing atmosphere, etc. On the contrary, low fire stain is not influenced by those conditions but obtainable in arbitrary colors and it is indispensable for pottery decoration. It is difficult for us to study into the color in the sphere of result publication method and expression of color. Looking over the literature on this subject, I have been confronted with much difficulties, accordingly, I made a basic and systematic experiment as to six low-firing stains (blue, green, blue-green, brown black and yellow) and made it proper to be applied in these studies. On pigment, I confirmed the influence of the assistant coloring matter by mixing up the coloring matter and the assistant coloring matter in various proportions. On flux, I measured the melting point by making PbO-$SiO_2$ system and PbO-$B_2O_3-SiO_2$ system and decided the range of usage. Also I checked the coloring by making the pigment on laze with pigment and flux manufactured, and concluded the pigment and flux adaptation to it.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.100-104
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• 2002

Serratia marcescens biovar A2/A6, isolated from an Indonesian freshwater source, was identified based on extensive morphological, biochemical and genetic characterization. Formation of pigment was found to be strongly influenced by environmental conditions. Placket-Burman design was used to analyze the effect of carbon and nitrogen sources. Based on results of physiological and biochemical studies, the optimum conditions for growth and pigment formation were incubation 30$^{\circ}C$ in a neutral to slightly alkaline medium containing lactic acid and beef extract.