• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2016

Kaempferia galanga L. is one of the plants in Zingiberaceae family. It is used by people in many regions of Asia and Africa for relieving toothache, abdominal pain, muscular swelling and rheumatism. Tyrosinase is a key enzyme for melanogenesis, and hyperpigmentation is associated with abnomal accumulation of melanin pigment. This study aimed to investigate the inhibition of melanogenesis by hexane extract of Kaempferia galanga L. (HKG) in B16F10 melanoma cells. Cell-free tyrosinase, melanin contents, intracellular tyrosinase activity and western blot analysis were performed to elucidate the effects on anti-melanogenesis. Cytotoxicity of the extracts was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and determined the concentration of 12.5, 25 μg/ml. HKG significantly inhibited to activities of intracellular tyrosinase and melanin synthesis in the absence or presence of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) with dose-dependent manner. And HKG inhibited the expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1) and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2), regardless of the presence or absence of α-MSH. HKG also down-regulated phosphorylation of p38 and JNK, and up-regulated phosphorylation of Akt. These effects were not related to its cytotoxicity action. These results indicate that HKG has the potential to be a useful therapeutic agent for treating hyperpigmentation disorders and as a beneficial additive in whitening agents in cosmetics industry.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.2015-2028
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• 2014

We analyzed with HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) analysis photosynthetic pigments and environmental factors, microscopic observations of the phytoplankton and zooplankton in the seawater every month from February 2009 to November 2010 in Haengam Bay. The level of dissolved inorganic nutrients was the highest between July and September, when freshwater influx was at its peak, whereas chlorophyll a levels were the highest in April and August. Also, phytoplankton pigment concentration increased when dissolved inorganic nutrients are carried into nearshore waters by rainfall runoff. Based on identification of phytoplankton and photosynthetic pigments results, diatoms were mainly dominant while dinoflagellate populations increased at July and August 2009, May 2010. The zooplankton communities are dominated in terms of Noctiluca scintillans. The contribution of Noctiluca scintillans in 2010 accounts for approximately 77.3% of the total zooplankton. Distribution patterns over time of zooplankton in the seasonal distribution of phytoplankton showed a different pattern.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.476-484
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dyeing properties and anti-microbial ability of silk and wool fabrics dyed with Terminalia chebula Retzius(TCR) extract using two extraction solvent, hot water and methanol. Dyeing properties of fabrics were studied by investigating the characteristics of colorant, changes in dye uptake under different dyeing conditions, and by investigating color change when mordants were applied. Also, color fastness, and antimicrobial activity of dyed fabrics were estimated. Regardless of extraction solvent type, colorant showed maximum absorption wavelength at 280 nm and 578 nm, which implied that tannin was the major pigment component of TCR. Also, through FT-IR spectrum result, it was confirmed that tannin of TCR methanol extract was hydrolysable tannin. But for the hot water extract, it was only assumed that its tannin was condenced tannin. Fabric dyed with hot water solvent extract showed higher dye uptake than fabric dyed with methanol solvent extract, dye uptake increasing by higher concentration of the dye, longer dyeing time and higher dyeing temperature. And the absorption curve between TCR extract and protein fiber was shaped in the form of Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Fabric dyed without mordant was yellow in color, and when dyed with mordant, fabric showed various colors depending on mordant types except Sn. Color fastness to washing was generally fine and color fastness to light was moderate. But color fastness to rubbing and dry cleaning was outstanding. Lastly, dyed fabrics showed very good antimicrobial activity of 99.9% against Staphylococcus aureus and Kiebsiella pneumoniae.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 1998년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.95-100
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to describe the change of the spring bloom and oceanographic condition. The variation of pigment concentration derived from the satellite ocean color data has been analyzed. According to the movement of blooming area, blooming was very concerned with a rising trend of sea surface temperature and a supply of nutrients. A nutrient rich water carried by the Oyashio encounters with the warm Core ring, where mixings and blooms are observed. We examined the correlation by using the satellite observations of the temperature and chlorophyll-a for the spring seasons (May, June, July) of 1998 the off Sanriku area (38-43N, 141- l50E). Using the SeaWiFS data, we process the data into the level-3, which contains the geophysical value of chlorophyll-a. And chlorophyll-a data is mapped for the water between 110E and 160E, and 15N and 52N with a 0.08 * 0.05 degree grid for each image. And Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data is produced using the AVHRR onboard the NOAA. The SST is derived by the MCSST. Then, the data is mapped for the water as much as chi-a data. And these gridded image was made by detection of each water masses, which are Kuroshio Extension, the warm-core ring and the Oyashlo Intrusion, etc., using those satellite images to determine short term change. Off Sanriku is a place where warm-water pool and the Oyashio at-e mixed. When warm streamer has intruded in cold water, the volume of phytoplankton increases at the tip of warm streamer. Warm water streamer was trigger of occurring blooming. And also, SeaWiFS images provided as much information for the studies of chlorophyll-a concentrations in the surface.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.89-91
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 치자그린의 광에 의한 변색을 방지하는 시료를 찾고, 그 변색방지능을 기존 변색방지제와 비교하고자 했다. 치자그린 0.10 wt% 수용액을 polyoxyethylene (POE) (12) dimethicone으로 처리하여 자외선 조사하였을 때 기존 변색방지제인 methoxycinnamidopropyl hydroxysultaine으로 처리하였을 때보다 변색이 방지되는 정도가 높았다. 실험결과 POE (12) dimethicone의 변색방지능은 시료의 농도에 영향을 받는 결과를 나타내었으며 치자그린 0.10 wt% 수용액에 POE (12) dimethicone 을 1.0%로 처리하였을 때 변색방지가 되는 정도가 가장 높았다. 치자그린을 POE (12) dimethicone으로 처리한 수용액은 자외선 조사 후 흡광도 유지율이 처리 전 78%에서 95%로 높아졌으며, 실외 태양광 노출에서도 안정성이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 치자그린의 색소가 안정화되는 기작은 명확하게 밝혀지지는 않았으나, POE (12) dimethicone의 dimethicone기가 중요한 기능을 하는 것으로 추정된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.690-698
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• 2012

Cr-B2, a Gram-negative hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] reducing bacteria, was isolated from the aerator water of an activated sludge process in the wastewater treatment facility of a dye and pigment based chemical industry. Cr-B2 exhibited a resistance for 1,100 mg/l Cr(VI) and, similarly, resistance against other heavy metal ions such as $Ni^{2+}$ (800 mg/l), $Cu^{2+}$ (600 mg/l), $Pb^{2+}$ (1,100 mg/l), $Cd^{2+}$ (350 mg/l), $ZN^{2+}$ (700 mg/l), and $Fe^{3+}$ (1,000 mg/l), and against selected antibiotics. Cr-B2 was observed to efficiently reduce 200 mg/l Cr(VI) completely in both nutrient and LB media, and could convert Cr(VI) to Cr(III) aerobically. Cr(VI) reduction kinetics followed allosteric enzyme kinetics. The $K_m$ values were found to be 43.11 mg/l for nutrient media and 38.05 mg/l for LB media. $V_{max}$ values of 13.17 mg/l/h and 12.53 mg/l/h were obtained for nutrient media and LB media, respectively, and the cooperativity coefficients (n) were found to be 8.47 and 3.49, respectively, indicating positive cooperativity in both cases. SEM analysis showed the formation of wrinkles and depressions in the cells when exposed to 800 mg/l Cr(VI) concentration. The organism was seen to exhibit pleomorphic behavior. Cr-B2 was identified on the basis of morphological, biochemical, and partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing chracterizations and found to be Acinetobacter sp.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제23권A호
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• pp.199-206
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• 2003

The charcoal-encapsulated methyl silica microcapsules were prepared by a O/W microemulsion sol-gel method, and the adsorption properties on aquatic humic acid were investigated. The capsules prepared were spherical, $100{\sim}1000{\mu}m$ in size. The size distribution was controllable by adjusting the size of charcoal powder, charcoal/methyl silica ratio, and agitating speed in O/W sol-gel process. Adsorption efficiency of charcoal for aquatic humic acid was decreased after encapsulation by methyl silica shell. The decreased adsorption efficiency can be dependent on the decrease of the BET surface area and pore volume after encapsulation. Diffusion properties of humic acid through the capsule shell also played an important role on adsorption efficiency. Therefore, the reasonable target pollutants for the capsules can be VOC or odor molecules which can overcome diffusion barrier through shell of capsules in air condition. Functionalization methods for the charcoal-encapsulated $CH_3(SiO)_n$ microcapsules by incorporation of $TiO_3$ as a phtocatalytic function and by incorporation of inorganic pigment as a color function were also investigated. $TiO_2$ coating properties were controllable by adjusting pH, temperature, and the concentration of $TiOSO_4$. In XRD measurement, the crystal form of the coated $TiO_2$ was anatase. For the colorization of the capsules, inorganic pigments were more efficient than organic dyes, and various color was introduced to the capsules using inorganic pigments.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.62-67
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 오디 색소인 안토시안을 당으로 안정화시키기 위해 오디시럽으로 제조한 후 오디시럽의 농도를 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% 및 20%로 달리하여 오디시럽양갱을 제조한 후 품질특성과 항산화 활성을 평가하였다. 오디시럽 수준이 높아질수록 오디양갱의 명도(L)값과 황색도(b)값은 감소된 반면 적색도(a)값은 증가하였다. 기계적 물성측정 결과를 보면 경도, 검성 및 씸힘성의 값이 증가하였는데, 이는 오디 pH의 영향으로 생각되며, 관능검사에서도 오디시럽 첨가수준 15%와 20%가 별 차이 없이 좋은 관능평가 점수(맛, 색, 물성 및 전체적인 기호도)가 나온 것과도 관련이 있다고 보여진다. 즉, 오디시럽 수준이 높아질수록 산도의 영향을 받아 식미가 좋아진 것으로 생각 된다. 오디시럽 첨가 양갱의 DPPH 소거능을 $IC_{50}$ 값으로 나타내었을 때 오디시럽 첨가농도가 올라갈수록 $IC_{50}$ 값이 유의적으로 낮아졌는데, 대조군에 비해 MFSY15와 MFSY20의 DPPH 소거능은 각각 17배, 20.1배 증가하였다. 오디시럽 첨가 양갱의 superoxide radical 소거능의 $IC_{50}$값의 경우도 오디시럽 첨가수준이 높아질수록 낮게 나타났다. 따라서 항산화 활성, 관능검사 및 기계적 물성 결과를 함께 고려해 볼 때는 오디시럽이 15%가 첨가된 양갱 시료의 실용화가 바람직할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.85-91
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• 1994

Agrobacterium rhizogenes에 의하여 형질전환된 인삼 모상근을 배양하여 빛, 탄소원의 종류, 여러 가지 호르몬의 첨가가 모상근의 생장과 수용성 색소인 anthocyanin의 생산에 미치는 영향을 조사하였으며, 배양된 모상근으로부터 색소를 추출, 분리하여 anthocyanin을 동정하였다. 모상근을 광조건에서 배양하면 배양 5일 후부터 색소를 합성하였으며 배양 30일에 0.36mg/g(fr wt)의 색소를 생산하였다. 모상근의 배양시 총질소농도 60mM, 탄소원으로 sucrose가 모상근의 생장과 색소의 생산에 적합하였으며, 0.5mg/L IAA를 첨가하였을 때 모상근이 가장 빠르게 생장하였고 1 mg/L IAA를 첨가하였을 때 가장 높은 색소함량(0.41mg/g, fr wt)을 나타내었다. 그러나 2,4-D의 경우 모상근의 생장과 색소합성이 억제되는 경향을 보여주었다. 아울러 anthocyanin 색소를 분리, 동정한 결과 pelargonidin-glucoside로 확인되었다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.74-82
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• 2010

Curtain stability without curtain contraction is critical for a successful operation in curtain coating, and this can be influenced by the change in particle dynamics and rheological properties of coating colors. In this study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were added to control the rheology of GCC based curtain coating colors. Surface tension was increased slightly with increasing content of cobinder. Shear-thinning of viscosity was more pronounced for the CMC containing GCC coating colors. Complex modulus decreased when small amount of PVA was used as a cobinder, but it increased in other coating colors. Extensional viscosity was increased with increasing of the cobinder content, but CMC was more effective. Results indicate that pigment interaction with PVA is different from that with CMC. Dispersibility of coating colors was improved due to steric stabilization when small amounts of PVA was used, but flocculation occurred by bridging when the amount of PVA was increased. Dispersibility of coating colors was improved when small amount of CMC was added, while flocculation was observed by depletion effect when the concentration of CMC was increased in coating colors. Addition of cobinders at proper levels gave positive effects both in rheological properties and curtain stability. On the other hand, excessive amount of cobinders caused particle flocculation and this resulted in rheological and curtain stablity problems.