• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.110-120
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• 1991

28 porcine enteroviruses were isolated from 86 pig-feces of 9 swine farms located in south region, Chung-buk, from March to September 1990. Physico-chemical properties and pathogenicity of isolates were investigated. Results obtained throughout experiments are summarized as follows. According to the age, weanlings(40-90 days), sucklings(10-30 days) and adult pigs(6 months over) showed the isolation rate of 67%. 8% and 4%, respectively. By physico-chemical tests, YD-90/22, YD-90/43 and YD-90/64 strains were found to be ether, chloroform and PH stable. Nucleic acid test suggests the virus to have a DNA genome. Most of the Isolates were not evident of hemagglutinin using erythrocytes from various mammalian & avian. 22 strains among the isolates were shown CPE type I and the remainders were CPE type II. 3 strains among isolates of CPE type I strains were neutralized with high titers to serotype 2 antiserum. In the study on virus growth curve in PK-l5 cells, YD-90/22, YD-90/43 and YD-90/64 strains showed the maximum infectivity titers($10^{6.0}-l0^{6.5} TCID({50}ml$) at 4days post inoculation(PI). When 30 day-old commercial piglets were inoculated only intraoral route with the YD-90/22 strain at $10^{6.0} TCID_{50}ml,$ piglets not showed the symptoms. But piglets inoculated by intramuscle route, intraoral and intramuscle route after pretreat with dexamethasone(2.5mg /kg) for 5 days were shown the symptoms of anorexia, diarrhea, pyrexia and ataxia at 4th-6th days PI. The viral reisolation in the virus-inoculated piglets was examined from feces. The viruses were recovered intermittently from 2nd to 16th day PI and at 4th-6th day PI, all piglets excreted viruses.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.8-12
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• 1998

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of $MnSO_4$ on controlling harmful microorganisms in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro experiment was conducted to examine the effects of manganese sulfate $(MnSO_4)$ on the reduction of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) by growth stimulation of Pediococcus acidilactici (P. acidilactici; lactic acid bacteria). Manganese ion (0.003 %) was found to stimulate the growth of P. acidilactici in the In Vitro system. When E. coli and S. aureus were grown in a mixture with P. acidilactici, their numbers were reduced. This may be the result of a reduction of pH in the medium as a result of better growth of P. acidilactici due to stimulation by the Mn ion. The in vivo experiment was conducted to determine the effects of $MnSO_4$ in diets on controlling harmful microorganisms in fecal samples of pigs. There were no significant differences for the microbial numbers (i.e., total microorganisms, E. coli, lactic acid bacteria and S. aureus) in feces of pigs fed $MnSO_4$ compared to feces of pigs fed the control diet through 7 days. However, on day 7 of experiment, the pH of feces in pigs fed $MnSO_4$ (0.1%) decreased faster than pigs fed the control diet.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2015

Increasing presence of wild boar around cities and suburban areas is a growing concern with respect to agronomy, environmental ecology, and public safety. In this study, antibiotic resistance profiles of Escherichia (E.) coli isolated from wild boar and domestic pig fecal samples were compared. Eighty E. coli samples were isolated from wild boars. Resistance of the bacteria to 14 common antimicrobial agents used in human and veterinary medicine was evaluated. Ninety-five E. coli isolates from domestic pig farms were used for comparison. Common and distinct antibiotic resistance patterns were observed when comparing wild boar and domestic pig isolates, indicating that wild boars may significantly influence environmental microbiology.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.51-68
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• 2001

The result of studying the epidemiological characteristics of Salmonella strains which have been isolated from the domestic animals in Gyeongbuk province from February 1998 to August 2000 were summarized as follows. The isolation rates of Salmonella strains were 2.0% from cattle feces, 6.3% from cattle lymph node, 9.5% from pig feces, and 25.1% from pig lymph node. In poultry, the isolation rates were 30.3%. The isolates of Salmonella showed positive reaction for MUCAP test, methyl red test, but showed negative reaction for urea test, indole test, Voges Proskauer test. On TSI agar, the isolates showed acid butt, alkaline slant. Also, the isolates were identified as Salmonella strain by API 20E kit. Non H$_2$S Production Salmonella strains isolated from poultry were identified as S gallinarum. As a result of serotyping, B group were the most common in cattle and pig, Dl in chickens. 21 serovars were found. the common serovar from the domestic animals was S typhimurium, S derby, S agona, S schwarzenground, S enteritidis and S gallinarum. The most commonly encountered serovars in cattle were S agona and S typhirimurium in pig, S gallinarum in chicken. As a result of antimicrobial susceptibility test, all Salmonella isolates were susceptible to amikacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin; cefotaxime and polumcin B. The resistance rates to tetracycline and streptomycin was 58% and 56%, respectively. 69.3% of all isolates were resistant to more than one antimicrobial agent. Out of the resistant isolates, the isolates resistant to streptomycin and tetracycline was 36%. There were 24 strains of multiresistant isolates resistant to more than 5 antimicrobial agents. S typhimurium were resistant to all antimicrobial agents, also had a lot of multiresistant strains. Therefore, S typhimurium was considered as a major agent of antimicrobial resistance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.574-579
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• 2005

Optimal management of indoor air quality in a confined pig house, especially in winter, is indispensable for preventing infectious respiratory disease to workers and animals. This study was performed to elucidate the correlation of aerial contaminants and climate factors in a confinement. It was observed that indoor air contaminants ion in the confinement was the highest at 2:00-5:00 pm in a day, followed by 8:00-11:00 pm and 8:00-11:00 am. This was attributed to the increase of pig activities in the afternoon. The concentration of total dust and total airborne bacteria was found to have a significant correlation with temperature and relative humidity (p<0.05). Correlation of total dust and total airborne bacteria, total dust and ammonia, and total dust and odor were shown statistically significant at 95% confidence level. In conclusion, temperature and total dust concentration correlated significantly with all the parameters except for hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$). This could be explained by the fact the dryness of pig feces by increase of interior temperature and resuspension of feed deposited on the floor by the pig activity, resulted in high generation of dust which adsorbed and carried the airborne bacteria and odor compounds in a confined pig house. It was proved that the adsorptive capacity of dust with ammonia ($NH_3$) was higher than that with hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$).

• 한국생명과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생명과학회 2006년도 제47회 학술심포지움 및 추계국제학술대회
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• pp.107.2-107.2
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• 2006

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.137-143
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• 1991

축산폐기물중(畜産廢棄物中) 우분(牛糞)과 돈분(豚糞)을 호기성(好氣性) 퇴적법(堆積法)에 의해 부숙(腐熟)시킨후(시제품(試製品)) 토양(土壤)에 몇가지 수준(水準)으로 처리(處理)하여 옥수수의 생육(生育), 수량(收量)과 토양 및 소화율(消化率)에 미치는 영향에 관한 시험을 실시(實施)한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 생육상황(生育狀況)은 시제품처리구들이 대조구에 비해 모두 양호하였고 수량면(收量面)에서는 부숙우분의 경우 2,000kg/10a처리구가 부숙돈분의 경우 2,500kg/10a처리구가 제일 많았다. 2. 시제품처리에 따라 토양유기물함량(土壤有機物含量)은 증가(增加)하였고 대조구에 비해 부숙우분의 경우 7~41% 부숙돈분의 경우 4~60%정도 증가시켰다. 유효인산(有效燐酸)의 경우 시제품처리에 따라 유의성있게 증가하였다. 칼륨흡착비(吸着比)(KAR)는 부숙우분을 처리함에 따라 다소 증가하는 경향이었다. 3. 식물체(植物體)의 양분흡수(養分吸收)에 있어서 T-N $P_2O_5$는 두시제품 공히 차이가 없으나 양(陽)이온의 흡수(吸收)는 $K_2O$ >CaO>MgO의 순이었다. 4. 청예(靑刈) 옥수수의 소비율(消化率)은 배양시간이 경과할수록 증가하였으나, 시제품처리구 간에는 차이가 없었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.4.1-4.5
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• 2017

Background: Biofilms were the third-dimensional structure in the solid surface of bacteria. Bacterial biofilms were difficult to control by host defenses and antibiotic therapies. Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella were popular pathogenic bacteria that live in human and animal intestines. Essential oils are aromatic oily liquids from plant materials and well known for their antibacterial activities. Method: This study was conducted to determine effect of essential oil on anti-biological biofilm formation of E. coli and Salmonella strains in in vitro experiment. Two kinds of bacterial strains were separated from 0.2 g pig feces. Bacterial strains were distributed in 24 plates per treatment and each plates as a replication. The sample was coated with a Bacterial biofilm formation was. Result: Photographic result, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella bacteria colony surface were thick smooth surface in control. However, colony surface in blended and single essential oil treatment has shown crack surface layer compared with colony surfaces in control. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study could confirm that essential oils have some interesting effect on anti-biofilm formation of E. coli and Salmonella strains from pig feces.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.395-399
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• 1993

돼지분변의 균총조성을 steel-wool 방법으로 배양하여 조사한 결과 총균수는 분변 g당 $10^{9.83}$으로 나타났고 Bacteroidaceae와 Peptococcaceae의 수가 각각 $10^{9.3},\;10^{9.2}$로 나타나 최우세균으로 밝혀졌다. 그 다음으로 Lactobacilli, Eubacteria, Clostridia의 수가 각각 $10^{8.79},\;10^{8.23},\;10^{7.14}$으로 나타났다. 돼지감자 가수분해물로부터 분리해낸 fructo 올리고당-inulin(FOSI)이 돼지의 주요 장내세균에 미치는 영향을 in vitro에서 ‘분변배지’와 PYF broth를 이용하여 조사하였다. 두 배지에서 총균수와 Lactobacilli는 FOSI 첨가구에서 당무첨가구에서보다 훨씬 많이 나타났고 포도당 첨가구에 비해서는 비슷하게 나타났으나 Bifidobacteria는 당무첨가구와 포도당 첨가구에 비해 약$50{\sim}500$배 이상 많은 수로 나타났다. FOSI의 첨가에 의해 Clostridia는 큰 변화를 보이지 않았으나 E. coli는 Lactobacilli와 Bifidobacteria의 경우와는 반대로 FOSI 첨가구에서 $10^{-1}{\sim}10^{-3}$으로 크게 감소하였다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.1592-1605
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• 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to select an effective in vitro digestion-fermentation model to estimate the effect of decreasing dietary crude protein (CP) on odor emission during pig production and to suggest potential prediction markers through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Methods: In the in vitro experiment, three diet formulations with different CP contents (170 g/kg, 150 g/kg, and 130 g/kg) but containing the same standardized ileal digestible essential amino acids (SID-EAA) were assessed. Each diet was evaluated by two different in vitro gastric-intestinal phase digestion methods (flask and dialysis), combined with fresh pig feces-ferment inoculation. Eighteen growing barrows (31.9±1.6 kg) were divided into three groups: control diet (180 g CP/kg, without SID-EAA adjustment), 170 g CP/kg diet, and 150 g CP/kg diet for 4 weeks. Results: The in vitro digestion results indicated that in vitro digestibility was affected by the gastric-intestinal phase digestion method and dietary CP level. According to the gas kinetic and digestibility results, the dialysis method showed greater distinguishability for dietary CP level adjustment. Nitrogen-related odor compounds (NH₃-N, indole, p-cresol, and skatole) were highly correlated with urease and protease activity. The feeding study indicated that both EAA-adjusted diets resulted in a lower odor emission especially in p-cresol and skatole. Both protease and urease activity in feces were also closely related to odor emissions from nitrogen metabolism compounds. Conclusion: Dialysis digestion in the gastric-intestinal phase followed by fresh fecal inoculation fermentation is suitable for in vitro diet evaluation. The enzyme activity in the fermentation and the fecal samples might provide a simple and effective estimation tool for nitrogen-related odor emission prediction in both in vitro and in vivo experiments.