• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.62-69
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• 2001

This study was aimed to investigate the effect Chukdamtanggamibang on the vascular systems including changes in blood pressure and regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) of male Sprague-Dawely rats, contractile force of guinea pig`s tracheal smooth muscle and abdominal aorta and femoral artery in rabbits. Blood pressure was not affected by Chukdamtanggamibang in rats. rCBF was significantly increased by Chukdamtanggamibang in a dose-dependent manner. Contractile force of isolated guinea pig`s tracheal smooth muscle evoked by His ({TEX}$ED_{50}${/TEX}) were inhibited significantly by Chukdamtanggamibang. Propranolol, indomethacin and methylene blue did not significantly alter the inhibitory effect of Chukdamtanggamibang. Contractile force of isolated rabbit`s abdominal aorta and femoral artery evoked by NE ({TEX}$ED_{50}${/TEX}) were inhibited significantly by Chukdamtanggamibang. ODQ and L-NNA significantly attenuated the inhibitory effects of Chukdamtanggamibang in abdominal aorta, whereas propranolol did not significantly alter the inhibitory effect of Chukdamtanggamibang. These results indicate that Chukdamtanggamibang can relax hitamine-induced contraction of guinea pig`s tracheal smooth muscle and that this inhibition involves, in part, the relation to the soluble guanylyl cyclase synthesis and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.317-324
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• 2003

The present study were performed to analysis the hematocrit and the red blood cells content into the blood plasma of the transgenic pigs harboring recombinent human erythropoietin gene (rhEPO). Mouse whey acidic protein (mWAP) linked to rhEPO gene was microinjected into pronuclei of porcine one-cell zygotes. After delivered of offspring, PCR analyses identified one mWAP-rhEPO transgenic founder offspring(F$_{0}$). The first generation of transgenic pig (F$_{0}$) harboring mWAP-hEPO appeared to be a male, and the second generation (F$_1$) pigs were made by natural mating of F$_{0}$ with domestic swine, and male and female transgenic pigs (F$_1$) were identified by PCR. The blood samples from transgenic and normal pigs were collected for 50 days during lactation and were counted the red blood cell (RBC) numbers and Hematocrit (HCT) content into the blood. The transgenic pigs expressing rhEPO in their blood gave rise to higher RBC numbers and HCT contents than control animals. rhEPO was secreted both in the blood and milk of genetically engineered pigs harboring rhEPO gene. Therefore, this study provides a model regarding the production of transgenic pig carrying hEPO transgene for biomedical research.earch.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.671-677
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• 1996

Erythrocytes from three different animal species were used to determine mannose-sensitive hemagglutination (MSHA) and mannose-resistant hemagglutination (MRHA) of 755 isolates obtained from rectal swabs of healthy pig. In addition, colony hybridization using digoxigenin-dUTP labeled polynucleotide probes was performed for the detection of heat-stable and heat-labile enterotoxin genes carried by MRHA positive isolates. Of 755 strains, 9, 4 and 28 strains gave a positive MRHA with bovine, equine and pig erythrocytes, respectively. Of these isolates, 28 (3.7%) were characterized for positive MRHA by at least one blood. Seven isolates gave a positive MRHA with two kinds of blood. Three gave a positive MRHA with three kinds of blood. Twenty-eight strains, while positive in MRHA, yielded negative signals in the colony hybridization assay for the detection of heat-stable (STaI and STaII) and heat-labile (LT) enterotoxin genes in E. coli.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.1292-1302
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• 2017

Objective: This experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of rapeseed meal (RSM) supplementation in weaning pig diet on growth performance, blood profile, carcass characteristics and economic analysis on weaning to finishing pigs. Methods: A total of 120 cross bred ([Yorkshire${\times}$Landrace]${\times}$Duroc) weaning pigs were allotted to 5 treatments in a randomized complete block design. Each treatment had 4 replications with 6 pigs per pen. Five different levels of RSM (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%) were used as dietary treatments. Results: Overall, no treatment showed significant differences in growth performance with increased dietary RSM levels. The concentration of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) decreased as dietary RSM levels increased in 6 weeks (linear response, p<0.01). Total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine showed no significant differences, neither were there any significant differences in the immune response (IgG and IgA). As the dietary RSM levels of weaning pig diet were increased, no differences were found among dietary treatments upon performing proximate analyses of the pork after finishing. The influence of RSM supplementation on nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention were not affected by dietary RSM levels either. With increased dietary RSM levels in the weaning pig diet, no differences among dietary treatments were found after performing proximate analyses of the pork's physiochemical properties. In addition, there were no significant differences observed in pork colors, pH levels, and economic benefits. Conclusion: Consequently, this experiment demonstrated that weaning pig's diet containing RSM influenced BUN concentration, but there were no detrimental effects on the growth performance of weaning pigs with up to 8% RSM in the diet.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.98-108
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• 2007

In order to use food wastes for the source of fermented feed for pigs, this study was aimed to produce better culture inoculum by the aeration and addition of pig' s blood meal as sub nutrient. For the preparation of inoculum as bacterial strain, Lactobacillus brevis isolated from pig intestine, and a yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae from strawberries were used. Molasses and whey were used as main ingredients for the culture solution as well as yeast extract and other ingredients as sub nutrients. As the experimental result, aeration showed a positive effect to enhance viable cell count or retarding death phase. Although sub nutrient yeast extracts were replaced with pig's blood meal, fermentation characteristics were almost similar to that of yeast extract. When the inoculum was stored at room temperature, L. brevis and S. cerevisiae maintained the viable cell concentration of approximately 8 log cfu/mL for 1 week. 2 Days after the culture solution was mixed with food waste, the number of unwanted bacteria had rapidly increased, but E.coli was not detected for 5 days.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.71-75
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• 2015

Porcine salmonellosis is an economically important disease affecting the global pig industry today. Salmonella (S.) Typhimurium is highly contagious and may rapidly spread within pig populations of herd. To investigate the prevalence of porcine salmonellosis in Jeju, a total of 12,885 blood sera of 96 pig farms from 2009 to 2012 were analyzed by microplate agglutination test. Antibodies to S. Typhimurium were detected in all of pig farms tested in Jeju Province, and the mean of seropositive rate of individual pig was 18.8%. The mean seropositive rate of S. Typhimurium in sows (46.7%) was 7 times higher than that of weaned or growing pigs (6.7%). The lowest seropositive rate (3.0%) was detected in 40 day-old pigs, and this result might be closely associated with the marked decrease of maternal passive immunity. The seropositive rate in winter (42.7%) was higher than in other seasons.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.207-214
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• 1994

This study was carried out to develop the methodology of chromosome preparation from blood cultures in mammals which included human, mouse, cattle and pig. For karyotyping, 0.5-5.0ml of peripheral blood were collected and cultured. The satisfactory results were obtained from macroculture and microculture in all species. In culture, the patterns of cell growth were no difference among media except serum concentration and mitogen supplement. The presence of mitogen and fetal bovine serum in medium significantly affected the mitotic index. The optimal culture condition was 37$^{\circ}C$ for 3 days. And the concentration of colcemid and reincubation time also affected the chromosome morphology. In harvest, chromosome patterns were mainly affected on hypotonic treatment which included treated time and temperature, dropwise of fixative solution, and drying after slide preparation.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.901-910
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• 2003

Using the G-, C-, and NOR-banding techniques, a karyotyping for Korean Native Pig was performed. Blood samples were collected from 50 male Korean Native Pigs that had been bred at the National Livestock Research Institute and then blood cells were prepared from in vitro cultures followed by karyotyping; G-, C-, and NOR-banding patterns of metaphase chromosomes were analyzed. The karyotype of Korean Native Pig is 38, XX or XY which consists of 5 pairs of submetacentric chromosomes(Group I), 2 pairs of acrocentric chromosomes with short p-arm(Group II), 5 pairs of medium metacentric chromosomes(Group III), 6 pairs of acrocentric chromosomes(Group IV) and metacentric X and Y sex chromosomes. On GTG-banding, the Korean Native Pig exhibited a typical and identical banding pattern in each homologous chromosomes. Overall chromosomal morphology and positions of typical landmarks of the Korean Native Pig were virtually identical to those of Committee for the Standardized Karyotype of the Domestic Pig(CSKDP). However, numbers of G-bands of the Korean Native Pig chromosomes were more than those of CSKDP. In chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 and X, the Korean Native Pig exhibited more separated bands as compared with CSKDP. In C-banding patterns, although the quantity of heterochromatin was variable in each chromosome, most of the Korean Native Pig chromosomes had heterochromatic C-bands on centromeres. However, the heterochromatic C-band was constantly observed on the whole Y chromosome. In AgNOR staining, the NORs were located at centromeres on the chromosomes 8 and 10. The number of NORs per metaphase ranged from 2 to 4 giving a mean value of 2.13. The number of NORs were distributed on all chromosome pair 10 but not on chromosome 8. The sizes of NORs were also differed between homologous chromosomes 8. Numbers of NORs of Korean Native Pig were significantly higher than those of Yorkshire. The pattern of pig NORs was polymorphic in breeds, individuals and cells, especially on chromosome 8.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 2012

The study was conducted to determine the effects of adding pig blood as an admixture to both mortar and concrete. The mortar tests included the determination of its unit weight, flow and its compressive strength. Moreover, the concrete test includes the determination of air content, slump, bleeding, setting time compressive strength and freeze-thaw resistance of the material. As the test result, the utilization of pig blood, as an additive to both mortar and concrete mixtures causes air entrainment. The mortar flow increased and both the unit weight and the compressive strength of mortar decreased. As the blood replacement rate increases, the air content decreases over time, the setting and amount of bleeding showed a tendency to decline and reduced compressive strength, and the freeze-thaw resistance of the concrete increased.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.77-86
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• 2019

The supplementation level of barley was limited because of high contents of fiber in monogastric animals. Barley contained high soluble fiber, thus it could prevent to diarrhea of weaning pigs. Moreover, as the barley break down by enzymes, free sugars come out from the barley, which could be used as an energy source in weaning pigs and replace milk by-products in weaning pig's diet. Therefore, present study was conducted to investigate the influence of barley to replace milk by-product in weaning pig's diet on growth performance, blood profile, nutrient digestibility, diarrhea incidence, and economic analysis in weaning pigs. A total of 112 crossbred ($[Yorkshire{\times}Landrace]{\times}Duroc$, weaned at 28 days of age) piglets were allotted to 4 treatments in a randomized complete block (RCB) design. Each treatment has 7 replications with 4 pigs per pen. Pigs were fed each treatment diet which containing different levels of barley (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) at the expense of whey powder and lactose. Three phase feeding programs were used for 6 weeks of growth trial (phase 1: 0-2 weeks; phase 2: 3-4 weeks; phase 3: 5-6 weeks). During 0-2 week, body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG) and G:F ratio were decreased as barley level increased in the diet (linear response, p < 0.01). In blood profile, blood urea nitrogen was decreased as the barley level increased in the diet (linear, p < 0.01). However, no significant differences were observed in blood glucose level. In nutrient digestibility, crude fat digestibility was linearly increased as barley increased (linear, p < 0.01). The incidence of diarrhea was improved as increasing barley contents in all phases (linear, p < 0.01). These results demonstrated that supplementation of barley to replace milk by-product influenced negatively on growth performance during 0-2 week. However, the incidence of diarrhea and later growth performance from 3 week postweaning were improved as dietary barley level increased.