• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.7
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• pp.37-74
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• 2003

An Old document(Diploma) is a historical and unique record, so it must be collected, arranged, and preserved for research as soon as possible. Especially, for the effective use of the Old Document(Diploma), it is needed to arrange and describe the material systematically on the ground of modern archival theory. The Kyujanggak Archives in the Seoul National University has published 23 volumes of Old document(Diploma) material Old Document(Diploma). But they seem to cause the readers inconvenience, because the materials are classified and gathered only by genre, the titles or the orders of the materials are not standardized, and there is no description about the content of each Old document(Diploma). Jangseo-gak Library in The Academy of Korean Studies has also published the series of Old document(Diploma) material Old Document(Diploma) Collection. However the case is not different, since they are all mixed up with materials classified and gathered by genre, family, academy, or local school. And a great part of the materials have no titles and no description about the content of each Old document(Diploma), either. About the arrangement and description of the records, European and American archival science has established the theory of l)the principle of provenance, 2)the principle of original order, 3)levels of control, 4)collective description. These theories are valuable for the effective use of Old document(Diploma). On the viewpoint of the principle of provenance, Old document(Diploma) materials should not be classified by subject and genre, but by family and person. Then, the Old document(Diploma) materials, after collected by the unit of family or person on the viewpoint of the principle of provenance, should be arranged in their original order for more detailed arrangement and furthermore, for the work to find their relationship. This is so called the principle of original order. The hierarchical management of the Old document(Diploma) materials, for example, classifying by record group, sub-group, series, item and so on, is the concept of the levels of control, and comprehensive description of the each hierarchical structure is the concept of the collective description. Let's apply these archival theories to 34 pieces of the Chung, Man-Seok's material in the series of Old document(Diploma) material Old Document(Diploma). First, collect the Old document(Diploma) materials into Chung, Man-Seok's collection(the principle of provenance), which were scattered in the series classified by genre. Secondly, rearrange them chronologically(the principle of original order), and then we can find the comprehensive information about Chung, Man-Seok. For the hierarchical management of the Old document(Diploma) materials, we should establish a few concepts from the general, large group to specific, small item. The concepts can be organized as following; l)record group(Chung, Man-Seok record group) - 2)sub-group(personnel document, property document, family document, social activity document, political activity document, etc) - 3)series(gyoji-series, gyoseo-series, yuji-series etc. in the personnel document) - 4)folder(document with additions) - 5)item(one document). According to the the theory of the collective description, in the level of record group, there should be a collective description of Chung, Man-Seok's biography or a summary of record group. Similarly, there should be a collective description of a summary of sub-group in the level of sub-group and a summary of series in the level of series.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.29-42
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• 2018

Shale and mudstone in Daegu-Gyungbuk area have low strength and resistance to weathering compared to other rocks. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate their strength depending on the degree of saturation and crack development. In this study, shales and mudstones were collected from several construction sites in Daegu-Gyungbuk area. Their basic material properties such as porosity, SEM, chemical component, and durability were tested. A porosity (absorptivity) of mudstone was 31% (25%), which was 6 (8) times higher than that of shale. Some mudstone was easily disintegrated with water and it consisted of highly-active clay mineral such as smectite type. These rocks were prepared by small cube specimens for unconfined compression test. An unconfined compressive strength of dry rock was compared with saturated one. Microwave oven was operated step by step to stimulate void water within a saturated rock, which resulted into high temperature and micro crack initiation within rocks. A strength of microwaved rocks was compared with operation time and crack initiation. As a result, the average unconfined compressive strength of dry and saturated shale was 62 and 33 MPa, respectively. The strength of mudstone for each condition was 11 and 4 MPa. When a rock became saturated, its strength decreased by 47% and 64% for shale and mudstone at average. In addition to saturation, a rock was in the microwave for 15 secs, its strength decreased into 49% for shale and 52% for mudstone. When a microwave oven operated up to 20 sec, a rock was crushed into several pieces and its temperature was approximately 200 degrees.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.251-256
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• 2019

A capsule endoscopy is a medical device that can capture an entire digestive organ from the esophagus to the anus at one time. It produces a vast amount of images consisted of about 8~12 hours in length and more than 50,000 frames on a single examination. However, since the analysis of endoscopic images is performed manually by a medical imaging specialist, the automation requirements of the analysis are increasing to assist diagnosis of the disease in the image. Among them, this study focused on automatic detection of polyp images. A polyp is a protruding lesion that can be found in the gastrointestinal tract. In this paper, we propose a weighted-image generation method to enhance the polyp image learning by multi-scale analysis. It is a way to extract the suspicious region of the polyp through the multi-scale analysis and combine it with the original image to generate a weighted image, that can enhance the polyp image learning. We experimented with SVM and RF which is one of the machine learning methods for 452 pieces of collected data. The F1-score of detecting the polyp with only original images was 89.3%, but when combined with the weighted images generated by the proposed method, the F1-score was improved to about 93.1%.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2019

Objectives: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity impulsivity that interferes with function or development in children. In traditional Korean medicine (TKM) and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), ADHD is classified by several patterns based on symptoms and signs. However, currently, there is no objective diagnostic tool for ADHD in traditional medicine. The objective of this study was to develop the Pattern Identification Questionnaire for ADHD (parents-survey style) to be used in Korean medicine, through a literature review and consultation with groups of experts. Methods: The types of pattern identifications of ADHD mentioned in 13 pieces of Korean and Chinese literatures and their symptoms and signs were analyzed. The advisory committee (15 Neuropsychiatrist and 11 Pediatrist in Korean Medicine) assessed the appropriateness of the literature selection and the types of pattern identification selection and their symptoms and signs, and weighed the significance of the symptoms and signs. The Pattern Identification Questionnaire for ADHD was developed using the calculated weights by evaluated significance. The translation of symptoms and signs to the Korean language was achieved through consultation with expert translators. Results: 1. Four pattern identification types and their symptoms and signs were selected according to frequency of appearance in the Korean and Chinese literatures, and were reviewed by the advisory committee: Kidney yin deficiency and liver yang ascendant hyperactivity (腎虛肝亢), Dual deficiencies in the heart and spleen (心脾兩虛), Phlegm-fire harassing the heart (痰火擾心), and Spleen weakness and liver energy preponderance (脾虛肝旺). 2. The weights of all the symptoms and signs in the four patterns were calculated using the means and standard deviations of the symptoms and signs' importance that were obtained from specialists' significance weighting. 3. The Pattern Identification Questionnaire for ADHD (parents-survey style) in Korean medicine composed of 38 questions was suggested. Conclusions: Using a review of the literature and expert advice, Pattern Identification Questionnaire for ADHD (parents-survey style) in Korean medicine was developed. Further clinical study is required to develop a final version of the questionnaire through the evaluation of reliability and validity.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.333-342
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• 2019

Geological dynamic hazards during coal mining can be caused by the failure of a composite system consisting of roof rock and coal layers, subject to different loading rates due to different advancing velocities in the working face. In this paper, the uniaxial compression test simulations on the composite rock-coal layers were performed using $PFC^{2D}$ software and especially the effects of loading rate on the stress-strain behavior, strength characteristics and crack nucleation, propagation and coalescence in a composite layer were analyzed. In addition, considering the composite layer, the mechanisms for the advanced bore decompression in coal to prevent the geological dynamic hazards at a rapid advancing velocity of working face were explored. The uniaxial compressive strength and peak strain are found to increase with the increase of loading rate. After post-peak point, the stress-strain curve shows a steep stepped drop at a low loading rate, while the stress-strain curve exhibits a slowly progressive decrease at a high loading rate. The cracking mainly occurs within coal, and no apparent cracking is observed for rock. While at a high loading rate, the rock near the bedding plane is damaged by rapid crack propagation in coal. The cracking pattern is not a single shear zone, but exhibits as two simultaneously propagating shear zones in a "X" shape. Following this, the coal breaks into many pieces and the fragment size and number increase with loading rate. Whereas a low loading rate promotes the development of tensile crack, the failure pattern shows a V-shaped hybrid shear and tensile failure. The shear failure becomes dominant with an increasing loading rate. Meanwhile, with the increase of loading rate, the width of the main shear failure zone increases. Moreover, the advanced bore decompression changes the physical property and energy accumulation conditions of the composite layer, which increases the strain energy dissipation, and the occurrence possibility of geological dynamic hazards is reduced at a rapid advancing velocity of working face.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.20
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• pp.95-128
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• 2010

'The Orphan of Zhao family(Zhaoshi-Guer)'is one of the famous Chinese drama constantly transmitted for a long time from Yuan Dynasty to Qing Dynasty. The plot of the play in the transmitting process has not been changed much, but added new characters or episodes. The Kunqu, one of the Chinese drama styles was characterized by graceful music and refined literature, being very popular among the gentry of Ming and Qing Dynasty. The 'Zhaoshi-Guer' play in 'chuanqi' style of the 'The Sixty Plays' collection, is called 'Ba-yi-ji', which was sung in Kunqu崑曲 stage. Because 'The Sixty Plays' collection was widely read throughout the late Ming and Qing Dynasty, the 'The Sixty Plays' version became the model of Kunqu lineage example and so it was in the case of "Ba-yi-ji". In the end of the Ming, new performing type of drama that is called as Zhe-zi-xi(折子戱) was appeared. Zhe-zi-xi refers to make only some pieces, not the whole. With the new form of performance appeared many of the selected texts of plays have come out including 'Zui-bai-qiu'. Through the comparison between the pices of two Kunqu version, 'The Sixty Plays' and 'Zui-bai-qiu', I tried to observe the charisteristics of the Ba-Yi-ji performance of Qing dynasty. The latter succeded the former, but more performance oriented, such as using lively and easy word with the acting direction intensified and comic characters.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.206-219
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• 2019

This paper aims to demonstrate current health expenditure (CHE) and National Health Accounts of the years 2018 constructed according to the SHA2011, which is a manual for System of Health Accounts (SHA) that was published jointly by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Eurostat, and World Health Organization in 2011. Comparison is made with international trends by collecting and analyzing health accounts of OECD member countries. Particularly, scale and trends of the total CHE financing as well as public-private mix are parsed in depth. In the case of private financing, estimation of total expenditures for (revenues by) provider groups (HP) is made from both survey on the benefit coverage rate of National Health Insurance (by National Health Insurance Service) and Economic Census and Service Industry Census (by National Statistical Office); and other pieces of information from Korean Health Panel Study, etc. are supplementarily used to allocate those totals into functional classifications. CHE was 144.4 trillion won in 2018, which accounts for 8.1% of Korea's gross domestic product (GDP). It was a big increase of 12.8 trillion won, or 9.7%, from the previous year. GDP share of Korean CHE has already been close to the average of OECD member countries. Government and compulsory schemes' share (or public share), 59.8% of the CHE in 2018, is much lower than the OECD average of 73.6%. 'Transfers from government domestic revenue' share of total revenue of health financing was 16.9% in Korea, lower than the other social insurance countries. When it comes to 'compulsory contributory health financing schemes,' 'transfers from government domestic revenue' share of 13.5% was again much lower compared to Japan (43.0%) and Belgium (30.1%) with social insurance scheme.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.127-141
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• 2008

This article found that establish of the new study, "Archaeology of Textile", and its process of development based on the Silk Road from China. Archaeology of Textile which is formed by the modern archeology in the 20 centuries developed is a research focused on textile and is required experts knowledge of archaeology, natural science, and history of textile. Textiles are the most difficult to handle of existing antiquities and it is rare to be excavated perfectly. However, the early archaeologists were interested in the Silk Road inconsistently. There were various kinds of silk and embroidery in the center of excavation process. In China, there are still numerous textiles have been excavating from across the country which has leaded to the top level of the textile study in the world. Compare to China, Korea hasn't excavated textile much, and we've been having a difficulty to research with small pieces of textile fabrics. With lack of understanding of textile, it is insignificant to excavate relic such as Chunma-Chong(天馬塚), tomb of king Muryeong(武寧王陵) which has started in-depth studying after 30 years later since it was discovered. Accordingly, a history of archeological textile will be introduced and make sure the possibility of study of excavated textile will make sure through this study.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.44
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• pp.155-197
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• 2015

Disaster of Sewol took place in one year. Meanwhile, the victim's family and the call time record academics have tried to record it. Ansan activists have moved to objectives such as civil records committee also pivotal. The citizens committee under the dictation recording oral history team has a diverse group of people associated with the time issue. bereaved families were collected from the oral as well as volunteers, religious personnel, activists, Ansan citizens and various people. Disasters around the world is also an important event to remember and honor the people together, and one of the most effective means to record There it is establishing an oral history archive. Does not leave a lot of nature history of sudden disasters that occur, as well as a tribute record dictation telling people of diverse perspectives on events helps a lot closer to the reality of the event. Erected in the National September 11 Memorial Museum to honor the Sept. 11 attacks and provide a variety of programs to chaerok dictation of the people involved with 9/11. To remember the 2013 Boston Marathon bombing 'Our Marathon' of crowdsourcing digital archive was built. In the archives of the local universities and institutions were created to collaborate actively and gathering oral history. Pan Am Flight 103 pieces terror has established an archive from Syracuse University. Here, neither graduates, faculty, and to the victim's family and friends gather and oral hitory. Disaster-related Sewol neither should be able to be used as in the case of foreign well, and it should continue to honor the victims of the collection. It also ought to occasion again to avoid this disaster on earth.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.371-378
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to develop mathematical models for describing the kinetic behavior of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in seasoned beef jerky. Seasoned beef jerky was cut into 10-g pieces. Next, 0.1 mL of S. aureus ATCC13565 was inoculated into the samples to obtain 3 Log CFU/g, and the samples were stored aerobically at $10^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$, and $35^{\circ}C$ for 600 h. S. aureus cell counts were enumerated on Baird Parker agar during storage. To develop a primary model, the Weibull model was fitted to the cell count data to calculate Delta (required time for the first decimal reduction) and ${\rho}$ (shape of curves). For secondary modeling, a polynomial model was fitted to the Delta values as a function of storage temperature. To evaluate the accuracy of the model prediction, the root mean square error (RMSE) was calculated by comparing the predicted data with the observed data. The surviving S. aureus cell counts were decreased at all storage temperatures. The Delta values were longer at $10^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, and $25^{\circ}C$ than at $30^{\circ}C$ and $35^{\circ}C$. The secondary model well-described the temperature effect on Delta with an $R^2$ value of 0.920. In validation analysis, RMSE values of 0.325 suggested that the model performance was appropriate. S. aureus in beef jerky survives for a long period at low storage temperatures and that the model developed in this study is useful for describing the kinetic behavior of S. aureus in seasoned beef jerky.