• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted with total 960 brown layers, consisted of 8 treatment to investigate the effects of dietary chromium as chromium picolinate on egg production, egg quality, nutrient utilizability, serum traits and mortality in brown layers. Layers were fed diets with two levels of dietary protein (14% and 16%) and supplemented with 0, 200, 400, 800 ppb/kg of chromium as chromium picolinate, respectively. The highest egg production, egg weight and egg mass were found in 800 ppb chromium picolinate supplementation group with high protein level (16%) (p < 0.05). Although there was no significant difference, layers receiving 400 ppb of chromium picolinate with high protein (16%) represented the lowest broken eggs. The utilization of energy, dry matter and crude protein of 400 ppb chromium picolinate group with low protein level (14%) were significantly higher than those of control or other chromium picolinate group (p < 0.05). 400 ppb chromium picolinate with low protein level (14%) showed the lowest serum glucose concentration. But serum glucose concentrations in all treatments showed no significant differences. Present date revealed that the lowest serum cholesterol concentration of layers was found at 400 ppb chromium picolinate group with high protein level (16%) (p < 0.05). Crude protein content in yolk was significantly higher in eggs of layers received 800 ppb chromium picolinate and the lowest in eggs from layers received 400 ppb chromium picolinate among chromium picolinate levels (p < 0.05). Mortality was remarkably decreased by chromium picolinate supplementation and the lowest mortality value was found in layres receiving 800 ppb chromium picolinate with high protein level.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2003

Chromium(III) picolinate, a highly bioavailable compound, is known to be used for supplementing essential chromium(III) to human beings and animals. Two different methods were used to synthesize chromium(III) picolinate. The synthetic products were characterized by elemental analysis, FTI-IR, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and MALDI-MS.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.428-433
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• 1998

The effects of chromium picolinate supplementation in pig diet were evaluated by measuring the in vitro lipogenic and lipolytic activities in adipose tissue and the protein synthetic activity in liver acinar cell in culture. Thirty-two male and thirty-two female pigs were randomly assigned to one of four dietary groups: Control, 100 ppb, 200 ppb, and 400 ppb of Cr in the form of picolinate. The chromium picolinate supplementation (p < 0.01) increased the in vitro lipolytic activity in adipose tissue of pig, but had no effects on lipogenesis. The chromium picolinate effect was greater in female pigs than in male pigs on lipolytic activity. The results from the studies with the liver acinar cells in culture indicated that chromium picolinate supplementation increased protein synthetic activity (p < 0.05). It was observed through this experiment that chromium picolinate functions not only on fat degradation but also on retained protein synthesis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.463-470
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• 1995

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of chromium picolinate on growth performance, nutrient utilizability, carcass composition, serum traits and in vitro protein synthesis of 3 day old Arbor Acres broiler chickens when dietary crude protein levels were varying in diets. Six replicates of eight chicks each (average initial weitht = 59.4 g) were randomly assigned to three levels (low, medium, high) of dietary crude protein at two levels of chromium (0, 200 ppb Cr/kg diet) as chromium picolinate. Six chicks/treatment were randomly chosen for analyses of carcass composition, six additional chicks/treatment were randomly chosen for analyses of serum components, and a chick/treatment was chosen for in vitro culture of liver tissue. Chromium picolinate did not affect feed intake, protein and fat utilizability, regradless of dietary crude protein level. But feed/gain ratio were more improved in groups fed the low protein diets added with chromium picolinate compared with groups fed the medium and high protein diets with chromium picolinate. Carcass fat tended to decrease whereas carcass protein tended to increase when added with chromium picolinate. Broilers fed diets with chromium picolinate exhibited lower serum triglyceride and nonesterified fatty acid concentrations than those fed without chromium picolinate (p < 0.05). Both secreted and retained proteins in cultured acinar cell were higher in groups fed diets with chromium picolinate than those fed diets without chromium picolinate (p < 0.05). It could be suggested that chromium picolinate was effective in improving weight gain and nutrient utilizability when dietary crude protein was low (p < 0.05), and also effective in manipulating carcass fat when dietary crude protein level was high (p < 0.05).

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2005

The distribution of vanadium and iron ionic species in the presence of picolinate ligand has been simulated at various conditions with different pH values and compositions in the decontamination waste solution. In spite of variations of metal concentration in the decontamination solution, the shape of distribution diagrams were not changed greatly at both high (the molar ratio of picolinate to vanadium is 6) and low (the molar ratio is 3) LOMI decontamination conditions. However, in the solution of low-picolinate condition the shape of the distribution diagram of iron(II)-picolinate complexes was changed significantly. This phenomenon is attributed to the shortage of relative amount of picolinate ligand to iron existed in the solution, and originated from the difference in stability constants for complexes formed between vanadium(III) and iron(II) species with picolinate ligand. The distribution diagrams obtained in this study can be applied very usefully to the prediction or understanding the reaction phenomena occurred at various conditions in the course of the LOMI waste treatments such as an ion exchange operation.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.254-263
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• 1996

Five cobalt(Ⅲ) complexes were synthesized from bi- or tridentate nitrogen ligands. Catalytic actions of these complexes for hydrolyses of p-nitrophenyl picolinate, p-nitrophenyl nicotinate, and p-nitrophenyl isonicotinate were investigated by a spectrophotometric method. p-Nitrophenyl picolinate showed the most senstive reaction among three substrates by these catalysts. Aquohydroxo Co(Ⅲ) complexes raised as much as 21∼40 times the rate of hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl picolinate at pH 6.5. Activities of complexes were in the order: Co(ibpn)(OH)2(OH2) > Co(aepn)(OH)2(OH2) > Co(tn)2(OH)(OH2) > Co (bpy)2(OH)(OH2) > Co(dien)(OH)2(OH2). Catalytic hydrolysis was postulated to proceed through a intramolecular general base catalysis path which is mixed by a partial intramolecular nucleophilic catalysis.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1485-1488
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• 2010

Novel photoluminescent graphene, graphene/europium/picolinate, was made from the reaction of the graphene carboxylate, europium(III) and $\alpha$-pyridoin anion in methanol solution. There was evidence on IR spectroscopic data that europium metal was coordinated by graphene carboxylate. The graphene/europium/picolinate materials emitted the red luminescence with main peaks at 609 and 695 nm, when solid sample was excited by an UV light at the wavelength of 254 nm. The surface morphology and physical properties of the graphene/europium/picolinate product have been investigated by IR, PL, SEM, TEM and TGA measurements.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.349-354
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• 1996

An Experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary excessive chromium picolinate on growth performance, nutrient utilizability and the content of serum cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, glucose, triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid in broiler chicks. Experimental diets based on corn-soybean meal were supplemented at 0, 800, 1,600 and 2,400 ppb chromium in the form of chromium picolinate. Each treatment had six replicates of six female chicks each (average initial weight=45.6 g). Experimental period lasted for six weeks. Excessive supplementation of chromium as chromium picolinate had no effect on body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion and nutrient utilizability of broiler chicks. Mortality was improved with a supplementation of chromium (p < 0.05). However, serum glucose decreased as chromium level increased (p < 0.05). Up to 2,400 ppb chromium as chromium picolinate, signs of toxicity were not noticed in this study.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.455-462
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• 1995

Arbor Acres broiler chickens (N=288) with an average initial weight of 59.4 g were fed diets varying in protein and lysine (80, 100, 120% of NRC; 100, 120% of NRC, 1984) in order to investigate the effects of supplemental chromium picolinate on growth performance, nutrient utilizability, carcass composition, serum traits and in vitro protein synthesis. Six replicates of eight chicks were grouped into one treatment Six chicks were sacrificed from each treatment for carcass analysis, and six additional chicks were chosen and dissected for in vitro culture of liver tissue. Body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, mortality, carcass composition and serum glucose, HDL/cholesterol ratio, serum triglyceride and serum nonesterified fatty acid appeared to be affected by either the level of dietary crude protein or lysine when supplemented with 200 ppb chromium picolinate (p < 0.05). Retained and secreted proteins in liver acinar cell cultured in vitro were not affected by dietary lysine level but affected by dietary protein level when added with 200 ppb chromium picolinate.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.834-839
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• 2002

This study aimed to investigate the effects of chromium picolinatec (CrP) supplementation on the glucose and lipid metabolism of rats. Five-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet fir 110 days and further treated with CrP or placebos for 6 weeks. The effect of CrP supplementation on body weight, blood glucose, insulin and lipid levels was examined. The results suggested that body weight gain was not significantly different between the control and the CrP supplemented group. Plasma glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol levels in the CrP treated group significantly decreased compared to those of the control group (p < 0.05). The total lipid, triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations in the livers of the CrP treated group significantly decreased compared to those of the control group (p < 0.05). These results indicate that supplementation of chromium picolinate ran reduce triglyceride and glucose concentrations in the blood and total lipid and total cholesterol levels in the liver.