• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.213-219
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• 2011

This experiment was conducted to assess the changing patterns and relative values of acute phase proteins and inflammatory cytokines in experimental caprine coccidiosis. Eighteen newborn kids were allocated to 3 equal groups. Two groups, A and B, were inoculated with a single dose of $1{\times}10^3$ and$1{\times}10^5$sporulated oocysts of Eimeria arloingi, respectively. The third group, C, received distilled water as the control. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of each kid in both groups before inoculation and at days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 post-inoculation (PI), and the levels of haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), TNF-${\alpha}$, and IFN-${\gamma}$ were measured. For histopathological examinations, 2 kids were selected from each group, euthanized, and necropsied on day 42 PI. Mean Hp concentrations in groups A and B (0.34 and 0.68 g/L) at day 7 PI were 3.2 and 6.3 times higher than the levels before inoculation. The mean SAA concentrations in groups A and B (25.6 and 83.5 ${\mu}g$/ml) at day 7 PI were 4.2 and 13.7 times higher than the levels before inoculation. The magnitude and duration of the Hp and SAA responses correlated well with the inoculation doses and the severity of the clinical signs and diarrhea in kids. These results were consistent with the histopathological features, which showed advanced widespread lesions in group B. In both groups, significant correlations were observed for TNF-${\alpha}$ and IFN-${\gamma}$ with SAA and Hp, respectively. In conclusion, Hp and SAA can be useful non-specific diagnostic indicators in caprine coccidiosis.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.135-143
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• 1988

역상 액체크로마토그래피에서 벤젠 일치환체들의 머무름 메카니즘과 머무름예측을 연구하기 위하여 크로마토 그래피 파라미터로 극성지표(P') 분자량(MW), 치환기 상수(${\pi}$ ) 및 분자간 연결지수$(^1{\chi}^{\nu})$를 머무름 데이터와 관련지어 상관관계를 조사하였다. 벤젠을 기존으로 하여 각 치환체의 크기인자와 비인 상대적 머무름$(log k'_S/k'_B)$과 각 치환체의 극성의비 $(P'_S/P'_B)$ 사이에는 상관관계가 있다. 치환기가 극성인 치환체들은 상관관계가 비교적 좋았으나 비극성 치환기를 갖는 치환체들은 분자량을 함께 고려함으로써 좋은 상관관계를 얻을 수 있다. 또한 상대적 머무름과 극성인자 및 분자량의 상관관계를 다변수 회귀분석으로 구하였다. 문헌적 머무름 자료와 소수성 파라미터로부터 유도된 치환기 상수(${\pi}$)와 분자간 연결지수$(^1{\chi}^{\nu})$ 간에는 메탄올의 이동상에서 가장 좋은 상관관계를 얻었다. $C_{18}$ 컬럼의 미반응된 실란올 기를 끝막음(end capping) 시키지 않은 컬럼에서는 이러한 상관관계가 감소되었다. 벤젠 일치환체들의 머무름과 관련지어 고려할 수 있는 파라미터는${\pi}$, P', $(^1{\chi}^{\nu})$ 및 MW 순으로 그 관련성이 감소됨을 알았다.

• 전자공학회논문지B
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• 제30B권2호
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• pp.33-43
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• 1993

Lock mechanism is essential for synchronization on the multiprocessor systems. Lock mechanism needs to reduce the time for lock operation in low lock contention. Lock mechanism must consider the case of the high lock contention. The conventional lock control scheme in memory results in the increase of bus traffic and memory utilization in lock operation. This paper suggests a lock scheme which stores the lock data in cache and manages it efficiently to reduce the time spent in lock operation when the lock contention is low on a multiprocessor system built on HiPi-bus(Highly Pipelined bus). This paper also presents the design of the HIPi-CLOCK (Highly Pipelined bus Cache LOCK mechanism) which transfere the data from on cache to another when the lock contention is high. The designed simulator compares the conventional lock scheme which controls the lock in memory with the suggested HiPi-CLOCK scheme in terms of the RMW(Read-Modify-Write) operation time using simulated trace. It is shown that the suggested lock control scheme performance is over twice than that of the conventional method in low lock contention. When the lock contention is high, the performance of the suggested scheme increases as the number of the shared lock data increases.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.999-1005
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• 2004

Thermal convection between two horizontal walls kept at small amplitude nonuniform temperatures of the form, $T_L=T_1+a{\Delta}T$ sin kx and $T_U=T_2+b{\Delta}T\;sin(kx-{\beta})$ with a, $b{\ll}1$, is numerically investigated. When the Rayleigh number is small, an upright cell is formed between two walls at ${\beta}=0$; the cell is tilted at ${\beta}={\pi}/2$, and a flow with two-tier-structure cells occurs at ${\beta}={\pi}$. As the Rayleigh number is increased, Nusselt number increases smoothly for ${\beta}=0\;and\;{\pi}/2$, but increases rather steeply for ${\beta}={\pi}$ near the critical Rayleigh number ($Ra_c=1708$). When the wave number is small (k=0.5), multicellular convection occurs over one wave length, for all phase differences, and multiple solutions are found.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2021년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.202-204
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• 2021

사물인터넷은 1999년 MIT의 Auto ID Center 소장인 케빈 에쉬튼(Kevin Ashton)이 처음 사용한 용어로, 사물이 인터넷과 연결되는 것을 의미한다. 무선 네트워크 중 하나인 블루투스는 1994년 에릭슨이 최초로 개발한 개인 근거리 무선 통신을 위한 산업 표준으로 개발된 기술이며, 라즈베리파이에 블루투스가 내장되어 있어 무선 네트워크가 가능하다. 본 논문은 라즈베리파이3 B+에 내장된 블루투스에서 시리얼 통신을 구현하여 사물인터넷용 모듈을 구현하고 있다. 라즈베리끼리는 블루투스 통신이 불가능한 문제점이 있어, 디스커버리 기능을 활성화하고 시리얼 통신을 추가하여 통신 연동에 성공하였다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.83-87
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• 2010

Crystal structure of coumarin 6 has been solved by X-ray diffraction. The crystals are triclinic, space group P-1, with a=8.823(2) ${\AA}$, b=8.898(2) ${\AA}$, c=11.025(9) ${\AA}$, ${\alpha}$=86.41(3)$^{\circ}$, ${\beta}$=85.39(3)$^{\circ}$, ${\gamma}$=76.23(3)$^{\circ}$, Mr=350.42, V=837.1(3) ${\AA}^3$, Z=2 and R=0.0516. The molecules are packed parallel to each other by weaker ${\pi}{\cdots}{\pi}$ and C-H${\cdots}{\pi}$ interactions. The detailed geometry of C-H${\cdots}{\pi}$ interactions were discussed. The hydrogen bonds and non-traditional C-H${\cdots}O$ interactions join the no-parallel molecules together. All the molecules packed wall-like with the molecular brick.

• 한국위성정보통신학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.18-21
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• 2017

In this paper we present IoT compliant HD Digital Signage Controller design using Raspberry Pi. Nowadays, the digital signage system have gained increasing popularity and rapidly growing communications medium that offers a wide range of exciting ways with customers, enhance brand awareness, increase sales and margin uplift by replacing the traditional static signage system. This paper presents a cost-effective IoT based HD Digital Signage Controller (DSC) using R-Pi computer that can use various kinds of displays in order to make the system as efficient and affordable as possible to provide advertisement or other relevant information to people in public areas. The system is designed in such way the information about surrounding related place is taken through sensors and directly uploaded to the internet, and thus can be accessed anytime and displayed on screens by using Raspberry Pi that serves as controller in the system. The design and implementation of the system developed by using python programming language and its hardware consists of sensors, Arduino, Raspberry Pi 3 model B board and the displays. The main targets of this study are build a cost effective Digital Signage system as well as broadcasting information at display contents in public areas and control those digital signs.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.153-165
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• 2019

Objective : Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a very serious health problem, usually caused by a trauma and accompanied by elevated levels of inflammation indicators. Stem cell-based therapy is promising some valuable strategies for its functional recovery. Nestin-positive progenitor and/or stem cells (SC) isolated from pancreatic islets (PI) show mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) characteristics. For this reason, we aimed to analyze the effects of rat pancreatic islet derived stem cell (rPI-SC) delivery on functional recovery, as well as the levels of inflammation factors following SCI. Methods : rPI-SCs were isolated, cultured and their MSC characteristics were determined through flow cytometry and immunofluorescence analysis. The experimental rat population was divided into three groups : 1) laminectomy & trauma, 2) laminectomy & trauma & phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and 3) laminectomy+trauma+SCs. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) labelled rPI-SCs were transplanted into the injured rat spinal cord. Their motilities were evaluated with Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) Score. After 4-weeks, spinal cord sections were analyzed for GFP labeled SCs and stained for vimentin, $S100{\beta}$, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and proinflammatory (interleukin [IL]-6, transforming growth factor $[TGF]-{\beta}$, macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP]-2, myeloperoxidase [MPO]) and anti-inflammatory (IL-1 receptor antagonis) factors. Results : rPI-SCs were revealed to display MSC characteristics and express neural and glial cell markers including BDNF, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), fibronectin, microtubule associated protein-2a,b (MAP2a,b), ${\beta}3$-tubulin and nestin as well as anti-inflammatory prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP3. The BBB scores showed significant motor recovery in group 3. GFP-labelled cells were localized on the injury site. In addition, decreased proinflammatory factor levels and increased intensity of anti-inflammatory factors were determined. Conclusion : Transplantation of PI-SCs might be an effective strategy to improve functional recovery following spinal cord trauma.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.176-184
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• 2021

Background: Diabetes-related neuropathic pain frequently occurs, and the underpinning mechanism remains elusive. The periaqueductal gray (PAG) exhibits descending inhibitory effects on central pain transmission. The current work aimed to examine whether inflammatory cytokines regulate mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia induced by diabetes through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in the PAG. Methods: Streptozotocin (STZ) was administered intraperitoneally to mimic allodynia and hyperalgesia evoked by diabetes in rats. Behavioral assays were carried out for determining mechanical pain and thermal hypersensitivity. Immunoblot and ELISA were performed to examine PAG protein amounts of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), as well as their corresponding receptors in STZ rats, and the expression of PI3K/protein kinase B (Akt)/mTOR signaling effectors. Results: Increased PAG p-PI3K/p-Akt/p-mTOR protein amounts were observed in STZ-induced animals, a PI3K-mTOR pathway inhibition in the PAG attenuated neuropathic pain responses. Moreover, the PAG concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and their receptors (namely, IL-1R, IL-6R, and tumor necrosis factor receptor [TNFR] subtype TNFR1, respectively) were increased in the STZ rats. Additionally, inhibiting IL-1R, IL-6R, and TNFR1 ameliorated mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in STZ rats, alongside the downregulation of PI3K-mTOR signaling. Conclusions: Overall, the current study suggests that upregulated proinflammatory cytokines and their receptors in the PAG activate PI3K-mTOR signaling, thereby producing a de-inhibition effect on descending pathways in modulating pain transmission, and eventually contributing to neuropathic pain.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.231-238
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• 1990

14종의 새로 합성된 1-(phenxymethyl)benzotriazole(I)(Y=0)과 1-(thiophenoxymethyl)benzotriazole (II)(Y=S) 및 1-(azidomethy) benzotriazole(III) 유도체의 구조와 in vitro에서 Pyricularia oryzae, Fusarium axysporum f.sp.sesami, Valsa ceratosperma 및 Botrytis cinerea에 대한 균사 생장을 50% 저해하는 활성($pI_{50}$)사이의 구조-항균활성 상관관계들을 QSAR방법으로 연구하였다. (I)의 항균활성은 (II)와 (III)보다 우세하였으며 phenoxy group(I)의 치환기 효과는 수소 결합성 (HB)과 포물선 관계의 electronic effect($\sigma$), steric effect($B_1$)그리고 hydrophobic effect($\pi$)로 설명된다. P. oryzae와 F. axysporum f.sp.sesami의 항균 활성에 대한 치환기의 적정값은 $B_1$=1.40A, (H)와 $\sigma=0.07{\sim}0.15$, (H)이고 V. ceratosperma와 B. cinerea에 대하여는 각 각 $\sigma=0.23{\sim}0.28$, (C1)과 $\pi=0.70$, (C1)이었으며 가장 호과적인 화합물인 ( I a)와 ( I d)의 구조-활성관계가 검토되었다.