• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.53-59
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• 1986

Radionuclide angiography of the liver and spleen with rapid bolus injection of 5 mCi of $^{99m}Tc-Sn-phytate$ was performed for evaluation of dynamic flow change of the liver in 5 normal subjects and 11 patients with diffuse hepatocellular diseases. And quantification of hepatic arterial index (HAI) was generated from those TACs of the liver and compared with HAI generated from hepatic TAC with injection of $^{99m}Tc-TcO_4^-$ as previously reported method by former investigators, 67 patients with diffuse hepatocellular diseases undergoing hepatic scintigraphy were also evaluated by 2 minutes-hepatosplenic scintiangiography with 5 mCi of $^{99m}Tc-phytate$ and followed injection of 7 mCi of $^{99m}Tc-TcO_4^-$. Those heaptic and splenic TACs were analysed and compared with HAIs of 99m Tc-phytate for evaluation of relative change (%) of count at 30 seconds and 1 minuite after peaks of rapid influx phase to the peaks (100%) in T ACs of $^{99m}Tc-phytate$ and at 1 minuite and 3 minuites after in 5 minuite-TAC of $^{99m}Tc-TcO_4^-$. Correlation between HAIs with $^{99m}Tc-phytate$ and $^{99m}Tc-TcO_4^-$ was highly significant (R=0,984, P=0), and there was most significant and useful correlation (R=0,708, p<0.0001) between HAI and splenic TAC generated by $^{99m}Tc-phytate$.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.228-232
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• 2005

A yeast strain producing phytase, isolated from a mash of Korean traditional Yakju, was identified as a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and designated as Saccharomyces cerevisiae CY strain. Phytase was produced by CY strain both intracellularly and extracellularly. Total phytase activity by the shaking culture was about two times higher than that of the static culture. The portion of extracellular phytase to total phytase activity ranged between 23 and 49 percent, depending on the glucose concentration in the culture medium. Phytase production was reached at approximately 1 U/ml as total phytase activity and the maximum intracellular phytase activity was 0.17-0.19 U/mg-DCW at late logarithmic growth phase. The optimum reaction pH and temperature of intracellular phytase were 3.5 and $40^{\circ}C$, respectively. Over 95% of the phytate was degraded by growing cells after 36 hours yeast cell culture and about 90% of total phytate was effectively degraded by suspending the whole cell with the biomass of 0.4 mg-DCW/ml-reaction solution after 12 hours degradation reaction.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.135-138
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• 1995

Soybean meal was fermented by Aspergillus usami in order to reduce phytate content. Aflatoxin B1 was not detected in the fermented soybean meal. The contents of crude protein, crude fiber, ether extract and crude ash were slightly increased following fermentation with a concomitant reduction in nitrogen free extract. Though the fermentation partly degraded proteins in the soybean meal, there was small difference in amino acid composition between the soybean meal and the fermented soybean meal. The results showed that the fermentation did not affect nutritional value of protein in soybean meal. Approximately 55% of phosphorus extracted by trichloroacetic acid was inositol hexaphosphate (phytate) in the soybean meal. The content of inositol tetra to hexaphosphates was not detected in the fermented soybean meal. These results indicated that the fermentation almost completely eliminated phytate in soybean meal. Phytase activity was not detected in the unfermented soybean meal. However, the enzyme activity in the fermented soybean meal was 167.7 U/g. When the fermented soybean meal in supplemented in formula feeds, phytase in the fermented soybean meal might partly degrade the phytate in other ingredients in the digestive tract. The fermented soybean meal is possibly used as a phytate-free protein source of feed, which contains high available phosphorus.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.480-485
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• 2014

Brown rice contains both excellent nutritional value and functional advantages. However, its utilization is limited due to its rough texture and higher concentrations of phytic acid compared to white rice. We made brown rice inoculated with Lactobacillus sakei Wikim001 having phytate activity for 12 h (BRWK-12) and 24 h(BRWK-24) at $30^{\circ}C$ and evaluated the quality characteristics in an attempt to solve these problems. The pH of brown rice inoculated with L. sakei Wikim001 was reduced time dependently. A concentration of phytic acid in brown rice inoculated with L. sakei Wikim001 was decreased as compared normal brown rice (BR). BRWK-24 showed significantly high values in the brightness, redness and yellowness (p<0.05). BRWK-24 received higher scores in texture and overall acceptability than those of BR on the sensory evaluation test. Taken together, it is expected that a treatment of L. sakei Wikim001 in brown rice is useful for the development of new fermented brown rice with reduced phytic acid.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.79-84
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• 2004

Zinc intake and status of South Koreans from rural, urban and metropolitan areas were investigated. The dietary habits of 760 healthy male and female adult subjects with a mean age of 54 were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and were verified using 24 h dietary recall. Daily Zn intakes for men and women were 7.4$\pm$5.4 mg and 7.0$\pm$5.4 mg, respectively, which were 62% and 70% of the Korean RDA. The phytate : zinc and phytate ${\times}$ calcium : zinc molar ratios were 38 and 398, respectively. Both the low intake of zinc and the high extremely phytate and phytate ${\times}$ calcium ratios with Zinc suggest that South Koreans may be at risk of zinc deficiency. Plasma zinc (86$\pm$61 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dL), urinary zinc (33$\pm$27 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dL) and plasma alkaline phosphatase (102$\pm$52 mU/mL) levels within the normal range did not however suggest marked Zinc deficiency in these subjects. However, conventional zinc biomarkers aye known to be unreliable for assessment of marginal zinc deficiency. Based on zinc intake alone, it is likely that at least a proportion of these subjects were marginally zinc deficient and the wider consumption of zinc rich, phytate deficient foods, particularly in rural areas, would be beneficial.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1491-1499
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• 2010

Rhizosphere microorganisms possessing phytase activity are considered important for rendering phytate-phosphorus (P) available to plants. In the present study, the Citrobacter braakii phytase gene (appA) was overexpressed in rhizobacteria possessing plant growth promoting (PGP) traits, for increasing their potential as bioinoculants. AppA was cloned under the lac promoter in the broadhost-range expression vector pBBR1MCS-2. Transformation of the recombinant construct pCBappA resulted in high constitutive phytase activity in all of the eight rhizobacterial strains belonging to genera Pantoea, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas (two strains), Rhizobium (two strains), and Ensifer that were studied. Transgenic rhizobacterial strains were found to display varying levels of phytase activity, ranging from 10-folds to 538-folds higher than the corresponding control strains. The transgenic derivative of Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0, a well-characterized plant growth promoting rhizobacterium, showed the highest expression of phytase (~8 U/mg) activity in crude extracts. Although all transformants showed high phytase activity, rhizobacteria having the ability to secrete organic acid showed significantly higher release of P from Ca-phytate in buffered minimal media. AppA overexpressing rhizobacteria showed increased P content, and dry weight (shoot) or shoot/ root ratio of mung bean (Vigna radiata) plants, to different extents, when grown in semisolid agar (SSA) medium containing Na-phytate or Ca-phytate as the P sources. This is the first report of the overexpression of phytase in rhizobacterial strains and its exploitation for plant growth enhancement.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.780-785
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• 1990

In order to establish the effective extraction and purification process of rapeseed protein, the extraction solvents were compared with one another ; and the residues of glucosinolate and phytate and the extraction yield of protein, which had been extracted by 1% sodium hexa mata-phosphate(SHMP) and purified through isoelectric precipitation, acid-washing and UF concentration, were investigated. As for the condition for extraction of rapeseed proteins, the solvent of 1% SHMP(pH 8.0) turned out the most appropriate ; so far as the purification process for the elimination of glucosinolate and phytate was concerned, the acid-washing twice or the process of the acid-washing once and UF concentration was considered the most effective. The yield and content of rapeseed protein were 37.1% and 75.3% respectively in the case of the acid-washing twice, 42.1% and 72.4% respectively in the case of the acid-washing once and UF concentraction, Consequently, with the elimination effects of glucosinolate and phytate put into consideration, the process of isoelectric precipitation, acid-washing once(pH 3.5), neutralizing(pH 7.5), UF concentration and then freeze drying proved the most effective purification process.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2006

A bacterial strain producing high level of a phytase was isolated from cattle feces and identified as Bacillus subtilis, and designated as Bacillus sp. CF 5-26. The production of the phytase from Bacillus sp. CF 5-26 reached the highest level after 72 hours at $37^{\circ}C$. The optimum condition of the media for the production of phytase was 10% rice bran extract, 0.1% whey protein powder, $0.01%\;CaCl_{2},\;0.01%\;KH_{2}PO_4$. The phytase was purified 20.3 folds with ethanol precipitation, Sephadex G-100, CM Sepharose CL-6B and Sephacryl S-100-HR column chromatography. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 66 kDa on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified phytase activity was stable up pH 5.0, 7.0, 11.0 and the remaining activity was 50% when it was treated at $100^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour. The substrate specificity of phytase was most active against sodium phytate and inositol polyphosphate compound. And the phytase hydrolysed tripolyphosphate and pyrophosphate a little. The Km value for the sodium phytate was 0.64 mM and the Vmax value was $4.41\;{\mu}mol/min$.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.32-38
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• 1996

Effects of microwave heating on the content of phytic acid and phosphorus of soaked soybean were investigated. Phytic acid content of Danwon, Marly and Amsoy cultivars were found to be 19.19 mg, 18.38 mg, and 16.73 mg/g defatted soybean respectively. Inorganic phosphorus content of soybeans was significantly increased during microwave heating, while phytic acid and phytate phosphorus was gradually decreased. Microwave heating was more effective than autoclaving in reducing the phytate contents. It was also found that microwave heating to soybean of low moisture content was more effective than that of high moisture content for decreasing the phytic acid content. Soaking in 2.5% sodium chloride, 2% sodium bicarbonate, and mixed salt solution for 12 hrs was not effective on reducing the contents of phytic acid and phytate phosphorus, but microwave-heating after soaking in above solutions greatly decreased the contents of phytic acid and phytate phosphorus, whereas significantly increased inorganic phosphorus of soybeans.

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1977.05a
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• pp.88.2-89
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• 1977