• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.78-83
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• 2001

본 연구는 phytic acid를 myo-inositol과 무기태인으로 분해시키는 효소인 phytase 생산균주의 분리 및 효소생산의 배지최적하에 관한 것이다. 1차로 calcium phytate를 기질로 함유한 phytase screening 배지를 이용하여 phytase 생산을 나타내는 균주 35가지를 이용하여 분리한 후, sodium phytate를 기질로 하여 재현성 있는 phytase 활성을 나타내는 균주 12가지를 선발하였다. 12개의 균주 중 BHI broth에서 배양한 조효소액의 phytase 활성이 가장 우수한 것으로 나타난 YH100을 선발하여 주사현미경 관찰, 16S rRNA sequence 분석, GC conten(mol%) 조성, 지방산 분석, API 20E kit를 이용한 test 결과 Enterobacter cloacae로 동정되어, 이 균주를 Enterobacter cloacae YH100이라 명명하였다. Enterobacter cloacae YH100에 의한 phytase 생산을 위한 최적 배지 조성을 파악한 결과 glucose 2.0%(w/v), peptone 1.0%(w/v), beef extract 1.0%(w/v), KCI 0.1%(w/v), sodium phytate 0.1%(w/v)로 나타났다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.433-473
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• 1988

콩과 옥수수 가루의 천연발효과정에서 분리한 균주들중 phytase 생산성이 우수한 균주는 Bacillus licheniformis와 Enterobacter cloacae로 동정되었으며 그들의 최적배양조건과 최적 phytase 생산조건을 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. B. licheniformis는 초기 pH 6.0, 온도 3$0^{\circ}C$에서 5일간 배양하였을 때 phytase 생산성이 최대에 달하였고 탄소원은 3%의 glucose를, 질소원으로는 0.5%의 peptone을 첨가하였을 때 최대에 달하였다. E. cloacae의 경우는 pH 7.0, 온도 35$^{\circ}C$에서 5일간 배양하였을 때 최대의 phytase 생산성을 보였으며 탄소원의 첨가는 이당류인 lactose, maltose 및 sucrose를 각각 0.1%, 질소원은 (NH$_4$)$_2$SO$_4$를 0.1% 첨가했을 때 최대의 생산성을 보였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.1299-1304
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• 2005

An experiment was conducted to study the production performance of broiler breeder females (25 to 40 weeks of age) fed either reference diet or low non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) diet with or without microbial phytase (500 FYT/kg) supplementation. A weighed (160 g/b/d) quantity of feed from each diet was offered daily to 40 replicates of one bird each housed in California type cage having individual feeders. Each cage was considered as a replicate. A continuous 16-h light per day was provided using incandescent bulbs. Body weight, egg production, egg weight, feed per egg mass, egg specific gravity, egg breaking strength, shell thickness, tibia ash and serum Ca and protein concentrations were not affected by reducing the NPP level from 0.30 to 0.18% in the broiler breeder diet. Supplementation of phytase (500 FYT/kg) enzyme to the diet containing 0.18% NPP had no added advantage on any of the above production parameters. The serum inorganic P was increased significantly (p<0.05) by either enhancing the NPP content from 0.18 to 0.30% or supplementing phytase @500 FYT/kg to the diet containing low P which were found comparable. Retention of Ca and P was positive on all the diets. P retention decreased significantly (p<0.05) with either increase in NPP content or phytase supplementation in the diet. Neither NPP nor phytase supplementation influenced bone mineralization in terms of tibia ash and strength. The hatchability was not influenced by either increasing the NPP content or supplementing the enzyme phytase. Similarly, the P concentration in the egg yolk and day old chick, day old and 14th day body weight and leg score was not altered by increasing the level of NPP or supplementing phytase enzyme. The mortality was within the normal limits in all the three dietary groups. Thus, it can be concluded that 0.18% NPP (288 mg NPP intake/b/d) in the broiler breeder' diet is adequate in sustaining the optimum performance from 25 to 40 wks of age. Enhancing the NPP content or supplementation of phytase (500 FYT/kg diet) to diet containing 0.18% NPP had no added advantage on performance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.203-208
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• 1999

An 8 week feeding trial was conducted with 864 ISA Brown laying hens, 48 weeks old, to determine if microbial phytase $(Natuphos^{(R)})$ supplementation can reduce non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) level in laying diets. The experiment consisted of four dietary treatments: T1, control diet with 0.26% NPP (0.55% total P) wand no supplementary phytase; T2, 0.21% NPP (0.50% total P) diet with 250 U of phytase/kg of diet; T3, 0.16% NPP (0.45% total P) diet with 250 U of phytase/kg of diet; and T4, 0.11% NPP (0.40% total P) diet with 250 U of phytase/kg of diet. T3 showed the highest egg production and egg weight and the lowest feed conversion while T4 gave the lowest egg production and the highest feed conversion and mortality. Daily feed consumption ranged from 130.4 g (T4) to 132.7 g (T2). T1 and T2 were not significantly different in the production parameters. Eggshell strength, egg specific gravity, and eggshell thickness were not significantly different among treatments. However, broken egg ratio was significantly lower in T2 and T4 than in T1. Retentions of Ca, P, Mg, and Cu were greater in phytase supplemented treatments (T2, T3, and T4) than the control (T1), and those in T3 and T4 were greater than in T2. Excretions of P in phytase supplemented treatments (T2, T3, and T4) were significantly (p<0.05) smaller than in T1 but excretions of N were not significantly different among the treatments. Contents of ash in tibiae were not significantly affected by treatments, but contents of Ca, P, Mg, and Zn was increased and that of Cu decreased by phytase supplementation. It is concluded that the NPP concentration in the diet of Brown layers consuming about 130 g/d of feed can be safely lowered from 0.26% (0.55% total P) to 0.16% (0.45% total P). The excretion of P was reduced by the inclusion of 250 U phytase/kg of diet.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.423-428
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• 1990

재래식 발효 청국장으로부터 분리한 8균주 중 phytase 생산성이 높은 3균주는 Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Staphylococcus epidermidis로 동정되었다. 이들 phytase 생산균주를 단독 또는 혼합균주로 하여 35-$40^{\circ}C$와 pH 7.0의 최적조건에서 5일 동안 청국장을 발효시켰을 때 최대의 phytase 생산성을 보였으며 glutamic acid와 leucine 등의 일부 아미노산과 riboflavin의 함량이 증가되고 phytic acid 의 분해율도 재래식 청국장에서 보다 훨씬 높았다. 특히 B.subtilis와 B.licheniformis의 혼합균주로 발효시켰을 때 phytic acid 함량의 감소가 현저하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.223-226
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• 1999

A bacterial strain producing high level of an extracellular phytase was isolated from cooked rice and identified as a strain of Bacillus sp. and designated as Bacillus sp. KHU-10. Optimum culture conditions were investigated for the maximum productivity of phytase by Bacillus sp. KHU-10. 1.0% Maltose and 1.0% peptone with 0.5% beef extract were the best carbon source and nitrogen source, respectively. The addition of $CaCl_2$, stimulated the enzyme productivity with concentration between 0.01% and 0.2%, in the medium. Although sodium phosphate increased the cell mass, the enzyme activity decreased. Calcium phytate and wheat bran containing phytate did not enhance the enzyme production. Under the optimum medium, the production of the phytase reached the highest level of 0.2 unit/ml after 4 days of incubation.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.655-660
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• 2009

Biotechnological phytase preparations are commercially available and are currently used in animal feeding. However, thermostability constraints, low yields, and the high cost of the enzyme have limited its use. This study represents a new perspective for the food enzyme market. The research screened thermostable yeast strains for their ability to produce phytase. The screening was carried out with a gradual increase in temperature ($30-48^{\circ}C$). Sixteen strains (1 strain identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae) maintained the ability to produce phytase at $48^{\circ}C$ and their phytase activity was confirmed using 2 phytase assay methodologies. The yeast strains tested in this study seem to be potential efficient producers of phytase, indicating a possible new source of thermostable phytase of commercial interest, particularly that from S. cerevisiae.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.277-285
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• 2020

Objective: This study was performed to investigate the effects of supplementing sesame seed meal (SSM) with phytase and lysine on performance, egg quality, blood biochemical and antioxidant status of laying hens. Methods: A total of 960, 56-wk-old laying hens were divided into 12 dietary groups with eight replicates per group (10 birds per replicate). A completely randomized design with factorial arrangement 2×3×2 consisted of two levels of lysine supplement (0% and 10% over requirement), three SSM levels (0%, 10%, and 20%) with or without phytase (0 and 300 g/ton). The feeding trial lasted 10 weeks. Results: Birds fed diets with 10% SSM had higher feed intake than groups fed 0% and 20% SSM. The addition of phytase to experimental feeds, improved feed conversion ratio, increased egg weight and mass (p<0.01). Egg quality criteria was not affected by supplementing phytase; however, supplementing 300 g/ton phytase to hens diet, led to a significant (p<0.05) increase in egg shell strength. Egg yolk cholesterol and serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, atherogenic index and total cholesterol were decreased (p<0.01) by diet containing 20% SSM. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was increased (p<0.05) in serum of hens fed 20% SSM than the other groups. It was also observed that total antioxidant capacity and total superoxide dismutase content of hens fed 20% SSM was significantly higher than control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: As from results, dietary supplementation of SSM and phytase had no negative effects on laying hens performance or egg quality while improving the egg oxidative stability.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.133-144
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• 1982

보존균 141주와 토양분리군 41주의 균체 외 phytase 생산능력을 조사한 결과 일반적으로 곰팡이류가 높은 효소활성을 나타내었으며 이중에서 효소활성이 가장 높은 균주를 선별하여 그 형태학적 특성을 조사한 결과 Aspergillus sp. 로 동정되었다. 아울러 분리균주의 효소생산을 위한 배양조건을 연구하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 34$^{\circ}C$에서 3일간 전배양한 종균으로 28$^{\circ}C$에서 5 일간 본배양하였을 때 최고의 효소활성을 나타내었다. 2. Phytase생산배지의 초기 최적 pH는 2부근이였다. 3. 탄소원으로서는 일반적으로 galactose를 구성단위로 가진 당류는 비효과적인 반면 glucose를 가진 당류가 더욱 효과적이었다. 특히 sucrose가 가장 양호한 결과를 나타내었다. 4. 무기질소원으로서는 KNO$_3$가 가장 적합하였으며. 무기인산함량이 많은 인산암모늄이 가장 불량하였다. 5. 유기질소원은 0.2%의 corn steep liquor를 첨가했을 때 가장 효과적이었다. 6. KCl, MgSO$_4$, 및 무기인의 최적농도는 각각 0.5g/$\ell$, 0.5g/$\ell$및 40~80mg/$\ell$였다. 한편 고인산배지에서는 균체증식은 현저히 증가되나 효소합성은 현저히 감소됨을 보였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.1036-1039
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• 2002

The effect of germination on phytase activity in wheat NEAU123, triticale5305 and rye2 was studied in the present study. Germination significantly increased phytase activity by 2.04 times for wheat NEAU123 (3 d), 1.82 times for triticale 5305 (1 d) and 2.45 times for rye2 (1 d), respectively. It was safe for phytase in fresh malts kilned for 2 h at $40^{\circ}C$. Phytase in cereal seeds had strong heat stability. There was no loss of phytase activity in cereal seeds heated at $70^{\circ}C$ for 1 h, a little loss (${\leq}$5.46%) at $80^{\circ}C$ or $90^{\circ}C$. Even heated at $100^{\circ}C$, the phytase activity in wheat NEAU123, triticale5305 and rye2 remained 89.47%, 86.44% and 104.64%, respectively.