• Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.133-149
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• 2006

This study attempted to compare acoustic parameters, physiological observation and perceptual evaluation values obtained from the treatment and control groups in order to find out which of the self voice feedback therapies was better and which methods to train them were more effective. The experimental group carried out various self voice feedback therapies while the control group did only vocal hygiene. The acoustic measurement and voice manipulation for providing the patients visual, auditory feedback were done by a speech analysis software, Praat. The authors designed vocal hygiene, abdominal respiration and Praat self voice feedback therapies and applied them to 15 patients while applying only one vocal hygiene to 15 of the control group. For the purpose of examining the degree of their voice improvement after the treatment, pre- mid- and final evaluations were made for the two groups at the beginning, the 6th week and immediately after the 8th treatment session. Results of this study were as follows: The treatment group showed much improvement after receiving the voice treatment. In particular, acoustical and physiological indices from the optical endoscopy, pitch variation(Jitter), amplitude variation (Shimmer), maximum phonation time(MPT), and psychoacoustic evaluation showed statistically significant improvements over the control groups.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.32-50
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• 2000

A descriptive exploratory design was used in this study to evaluate the effects of sponge bathing on physiological(heart rate, heart period, vagal tone, oxygen saturation, respiration) and behavioral responses in newly born 40 preterm infants from intensive care unit of S University Hospital in Seoul. Data has been collected from October, 1997 to March, 1999. The infants were between 27-33 weeks gestational age at birth, and were free of congenital defects. The subjects entered the protocol when they were medically stable (determined by initiation of feeding and discontinuation of all respiratory support) but still receiving neonatal intensive care. The infants' physiologic parameters were recorded a 10 - minute before, during, and after bathing. Continuous heart rate data were recorded on a notebook computer from the infant's EKG monitor. The data were digitized off-line on software(developed by Lee and Chang in Wavelet program) which detected the peak of the R wave for each heart beat and quantified sequential R-R intervals in msec(i.e. heart periods). Heart period data were edited to remove movement artifact. Heart period data were quantified as : 1) mean heart period; 2) vagal tone. Vagal tone was quantitfied with a noninvasive measure developed by Porges(1985) in Mxedit software. To determine behavioral status, tools were developed by Scafidi et al(1990) were used. Collected data were analyzed with the SPSS program using paried t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. The result were as follow. 1. The results of the ANOVAs indicated that vagal tone were signifcantly lower during bathing than baseline and post-bathing. There were significant differences in heart period and heart rate levels across the bathing. But the mean oxygen saturations and respirations were no differences. Also, there were no significant differences on behavioral sign, motor activity, behavioral distress, weight changes, morbidity, and hospitalization period. 2. To evaluate the relation between vagal tone and subsequent parameters, the two groups (the high group had 19 subjects and low group had 21subjects) were divided by the mean baseline vagal tone. Vagal tone measured prior to bathing were significantly associated with respiration before bathing, vagal tone during bathing, and the magnitude of change in both vagal tone. But, other subsequent reactivities were no differences in two groups. 3. Correlations were also calculated between vagal tone and the subsequent physiological reactivities from baseline through after- bathing. Correlations were significant between baseline vagal tone and baseline heart rate, between baseline vagal tone and baseline heart period, between baseline vagal tone and oxygen saturation after bathing. In summary, the bathing in this study showed a stressful stimulus on premature infants through there was significance in the physiological parameters. In addition, our study represents the documentation that vagal tone reactivity in response to clearly defined external stimulation provides an index of infant's status.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.155-161
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• 2014

This study presents the real-time emotion image contents player to induce the user's emotion efficiently. The emotion image contents player was designed to efficiently induce by giving a change in the color, brightness, saturation of image contents corresponded to the user's emotion. In the emotion recognition module, physiological signal of pulse, skin temperature, skin resistance which based on autonomic nervous system were used. The emotion recognition part used physiological signal of pulse, skin temperature, skin resistance based on autonomic nervous system. The image as emotional contents was used with the 9 kinds emotion area classified in international affective picture system(IAPS). As experimental results, the use's emotion that match the image's emotion with the emotion image contents player was derived 10% more accurately. The emotion contents player is expected to increase emotional feeling between users's emotion and contents emotion duo to the real-time emotion reflection.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.37-47
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• 2016

This study evaluate user feedback such as physiological response and facial expression when subjects play a social decision making game with interactive virtual agent partners. In the social decision making game, subjects will invest some of money or credit in one of projects. Their partners (virtual agents) will also invest in one of the projects. They will interact with different kinds of virtual agents which behave reciprocated or unreciprocated behavior while expressing socially affective facial expression. The total money or credit which the subject earns is contingent on partner's choice. From this study, I observed that subject's appraisal of interaction with cooperative/uncooperative (or friendly/unfriendly) virtual agents in an investment game result in increased autonomic and somatic response, and that these responses were observed by physiological signal and facial expression in real time. For assessing user feedback, Photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor, Galvanic skin response (GSR) sensor while capturing front facial image of the subject from web camera were used. After all trials, subjects asked to answer to questions associated with evaluation how much these interaction with virtual agents affect to their appraisals.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.216-221
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• 1999

A mental task combined with noise background is an effective model of laboratory stress for study of psychophysiology of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The intensity of the background noise significantly affects both a subjective evaluation of experienced stress level during test and the physiological responses associated with mental load in noisy environments. Providing tests of similar difficulties we manipulated the background noise intensity as a main factor influencing a psychophysiological outcome and the analyzed reactivity along withe the noise intensity dimension. The goal of this study was to identify the patterns of ANS responses and the relevant subjective stress scores during performance of word recognition tasks on the background of white noise (WN) of the different intensities (55, 70 and 85 dB). Subjects were 27 college students (19-24 years old). BIOPAC, Grass Neurodata System and AcqKnowlwdge 3.5 software were used to record ECG, PPG, SCL, skin temperature, and respiration. Experimental manipulations were effective in producing subjective and physiological responses usually associated with stress. The results suggested that the following potential autonomic mechanisms might be involved in the mediation of the observed physiological responses: A sympathetic activation with parasympathetic withdrawal during mild 55 and 70dB noise (featured by similar profiles) and simultaneous activation of sympathetic and parasympathetic systems during intense 85dB WN. The parasympathetic activation in this case might be a compensatory effect directed to prevent sympathetic domination and to maintain optimal arousal state for the successful performance on mental stress task. It should be mentioned that obtained results partially support Gellhorn's (1960; 1970) "tuning phenomenon" as a possible mechanism underlying stress response.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.439-442
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• 2003

In this paper, a system that implementation of Access Control System Using Biometric System. Biometrics is science which deals with verifying or recognizing using physiological or behavioral characteristic Access Control System uses Biometric system to make an access control system. Biometrics goes under the study of bio-recognition or bio-measurement. It is a technology or study that identifies individuals using one's Biometric character. Access control system is a system used to identify one's entrance and exit, personal management, and security. Access control system can be joined with Biometric system to produce easier use and more sufficient effects. Access control system using Wiegand (Data Format) signal output, can replace earlier RF Card systems and make an access control (security) system. It uses RS-232, Rs-422 or TCP/IP type communication with the computer so an embedded system can be controlled using the software.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.494-498
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• 2004

In this paper, a system that implementation of Access Control System Using Biometric System. Biometries is science which deals with verifying or recognizing using physiological or behavioral characteristic Access Control System uses Bionietric system to make an access control system. Biometrics goes under the study of bio-recognition or bio-measurement. It is a technology or study that identifies individuals using one's Biometric character. Access control system is a system used to identify one's entrance and exit, personal management, and security. Access control system can be joined with Biometric system to produce easier use and more sufficient effects. Access control system using Weigand (Data format) signal output, can replace earlier RF Card systems and make an access control (security) system. It uses RS-232, Rs-422 or TCP/IP type communication with the computer so an embedded system can be controlled using the software.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.244-252
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• 2014

Purpose : We proposed a multi-physiological signals based real-time intelligent triggering system(MITS) for Cardiac MRI. Induced noise of the system was analyzed. Materials and Methods: MITS makes cardiac MR imaging sequence synchronize to the cardiac motion using ECG, respiratory signal and second order derivative of $SPO_2$signal. Abnormal peaks due to arrhythmia or subject's motion are rejected using the average R-R intervals and R-peak values. Induced eddy currents by gradients switching in cardiac MR imaging are analyzed. The induced eddy currents were removed by hardware and software filters. Results: Cardiac MR images that synchronized to the cardiac and respiratory motion are acquired using MITS successfully without artifacts caused by induced eddy currents of gradient switching or subject's motion or arrhythmia. We showed that the second order derivative of the $SPO_2$ signal can be used as a complement to the ECG signals. Conclusion: The proposed system performs cardiac and respiratory gating with multi-physiological signals in real time. During the cardiac gating, induced noise caused by eddy currents is removed. False triggers due to subject's motion or arrhythmia are rejected. The cardiac MR imaging with free breathing is obtained using MITS.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.7 s.144
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• pp.918-925
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• 2005

The following are the results from the infrared body temperature image test to verify the changes in facial temperature according to call duration with a cellular phone. As for the body temperatures, it appears to be the mean value at the upper central point of phone's battery among 7 different points that are measured, and to be the highest at srernocleido-mastoid and scapular trapezius muscle triangle zone$(34.25^{\circ}C\; and\;34.05^{\circ}C\;each)$. The changes of body temperature according to the time duration shows that the body temperature rises according to the length of phone use because of the heat emitted from the battery. As for the temperature changes according to blocking materials, the one without processing appears to be higher in the mean temperature compared to the others that are processed, NSS(Nano Silver Silk) and NSG(Nano Silver Silk Gold) appear to be the lowest in the temperature to show the best blocking property. As for the temperature changes according to measuring points, it appears to be the highest at P4, P5 with all materials, and one with NSG to be the lowest at Pl, P2, P3, and one with NSS to be the lowest at P3, P4, P5, P6, which is due to the thermal conduction of Au and Ag. And the mean temperature at each point appears to be different according to the materials. Therefore, the study conducted with human participants requires a proper particle size of it which would not penetrate cellular tissues and a proper binder and binding treatment for it, to prevent the physical fatigues and the potential diseases. However, it is highly required for back-up researches to verify various aspects in applying nano silver to textile products.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2010

Cycling that transform human energy into mechanical energy is one of the man-machine systems out of sports fields. Benchmarking means "improving ourselves by learning from others', therefore benchmarking toward dominant cyclist is necessary on field. The goals of this study were to provide important factors on multi-disciplines (kinematics, physiology, power, psychology) for a tailored-training program that is suitable to individual characteristics. Two cyclists participated in this study and gave consent to the experimental procedure. One was dominant cyclist (years: 21 yrs, height: 177 cm, mass: 70 kg), and the other was non-dominant cyclist (years: 21, height: 176, mass: 70). Kinematic data were recorded using six infrared cameras (240Hz) and QTM (software). Physiological data (VO2max, AT) were acquired according to graded exercising test with cycle ergometer and power with Wingate test used by Bar-Or et. al (1977) and to evaluate muscle function with Cybex. Psychological data were collected with competitive state anxiety inventory (CSAI-2) that was devised by Martens et. al (1990) and athletes' self-management questionnaire (ASMQ) of Huh (2003). It appears that the dominant's CV of ankle joint angle was higher than non-dominant's CV and dominant's pedaling pattern was consistent in biomechanics domain, which the dominant's values for all factors ware higher than non-dominant's values in physical, and physiological domain, and their values between cognitive anxiety and somatic anxiety were contrary to each other in psychology. Further research on multi-disciplines may lead to the development of tailored-optimal training programs applicable with key factors to enhance athletic performance by means of research including athlete, coach and parents.