• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.56-60
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 소방방열복 착용시 작업강도가 신체에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 소방공무원의 안전을 위한 기초자료 제공을 목적으로 하며 연구에서 얻어진 결과를 제시하면 다음과 같다. 작업종료시(20분)에 작업강도가 4 METs에서 8METs로 증가함에 따라 평균피부온도차(33.3 %), 고막온도차(57.1 %), 심박수(32.5 %), 운동자각도(75.6 %) 등은 통계적으로 유의하게 높게 나타났으며, 온냉감과 체중감소는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 결과 소방방열복 착용시 작업강도의 증가는 신체에 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.159-164
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• 1992

어류의 피부는 각종 환경성 저해인자에 대한 최외측 방어장벽으로써, 어체내의 생리적인 기능을 유지하는 데 중요한 역할을 담당하기 때문에, 피부의 상태는 각종 질병에서 매우 중요하다 하겠다. 어류는 형태학적으로나 생리학적으로 수중의 환경에 적응되어 있기 때문에, 육상 포유동물과는 또다른 다수의 어류 특이의 조직학적 소견을 갖고 있다. 그러므로, 피부에서 일어나는 병리조직학적인 소견에 대한 보다 정확한 해석을 가하기 위하여는 이러한 조직학적 특성을 잘 이해해 둘 필요성이 있다. 정상 환경하의 어류피부는 육상 고등동물에 비하여 한계적 장벽으로써 그 생리학적 요구에 보다 미묘히 적응되어 있다. 그러나, 이러한 피부의 적응상은 오히려 인공적인 사육시설이나, 수질의 오염등에 의하여 더욱 피부의 항상성은 쉽게 파괴될 수 있다. 피부색조의 변화, 궤양등과 같은 소견은 임상적으로 빈번히 접하게 되지만, 이와 같은 가시적 병변이 유도되기 까지는 다양한 생리학적 또는 병리학적 반응이, 피부의 각층에서 일어날 수 있다. 지금까지, 경골어류의 피부에 대한 조직학적 정보를 기술한 참고서는 그 수에 있어 빈약할 뿐 아니라, 정보의 체력적 정리가 부족하다. 게다가, 병리조직학적 기술도 체계적인 실험적 연구에 의하기 보다는 임상 병리학적인 소견에 근거 기술하고 있는 것이 대부분이다. 그러므로, 여기에서는, 새로운 조직학적 정보를 기술하기 보다는, 지금까지 정설화된 피부에 대한 조직학적 및 병리조직학적 소견의 일반을 모아 정리하고자 하였다.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.747-754
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• 2003

The actual clothing conditions were surveyed to diagnose clothing condition of Korean female in the view point of the adaptation to the thermal environment according to seasonal changes. Then, clothing microclimate, physiological responses, and subjective sensation were investigated through wearing trials on human body in climatic chamber based on the results from the survey. Factors to evaluate validity of clothing condition were clothing weight, clothing microclimate, physiological response of human body, and subjective sensation. The results were as follows: 1. Clothing weight per body surface area of the season was $856g/m^{2}$, $439g/m^{2}$ in summer, $630g/m^{2}$ in fall, and $1184g/m^{2}$ in winter. Cold - resistance of Korean female in office was superior to Japanese, inferior to residents of rural areas of Korea, and similar to male in office. However, in heat - resistance, female in office was inferior to residents of rural areas of Korea. 2. In spring, fall, winter, clothing microclimate temperature was a little higher than that in summer. Therefore, it was not a desirable wearing condition even though the clothing microclimate was comfortable zone. 3. Mean skin temperature of female in office was including within the range of Winslow's comfortable zone, but the range of comfortable zone in mean skin temperature of female was more narrow than Winslow's. Thus, it has problem for female to adaptation to thermal environment.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.75-79
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• 2018

Animal models of atopic dermatitis (AD) are widely used to investigate therapeutic effects of candidates for AD. However, the characteristics of each model are not fully understood. This study was designed to compare the animal models of dermatitis induced by dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) and oxazolone (Ox). We investigated the effects of DNFB and Ox on skin thicknesses and weights as well as skin lesions associated with AD such as scale, crust and erythematous eruption, and histopathological changes such as hyperkeratosis, dermal and epidermal hyperplasia and immune cell infiltration in inflamed tissues. Multiple application of 0.5% Ox onto the skin increased skin thickness and weight compared to those of DNFB treated mice, as well as those of normal mice. In addition, topical application of DNFB induced marked scale, crust and erythematous eruption, while Ox induced erythematous eruption and mild scale and crust. Histopathological examination revealed that 0.5% Ox induced marked hyperplasia in the dermis and epidermis, large vesicles, spongiotic changes, mild hyperkeratosis and immune cell infiltration in balb/c mice. These data suggest that multiple applications of Ox can induce chronic AD like dermatitis in balb/c mice.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.51-65
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• 1990

The purpose of the present study was to examine the hemodynamic responses, especially in arterial and skin blood flows, in conjunction with the changes of plasma catecholamine levels as an indirect marker of adrenergic tone during the early stage of head-down tilt (HDT), and to evaluate the early physiological regulatory mechanism in simulated weightlessness. Ten mongrel dogs, weighing8\;{\sim}\;14\;kg, were intravenously anesthetized with nembutal, and postural changes were performed by using the tilting table. The postural changes were performed in the following order: supine, prone, HDT $(-6^{\circ}C)$ and lastly recovery prone position. The duration of each position was 30 minutes. The measurements were made before, during and after each postural change. The arterial blood flow $({\.{Q}})$ at the left common carotid and right brachial arteries was measured by the electromagnetic flowmeter. Blood pressure (BP) was directly measured by pressure transducer in the left brachial artery. To evaluate the peripheral blood flow, skin blood flow $({\.{Q}})$ was calculated by the percent changes of photoelectric pulse amplitude on the forepaw, and skin temperature was recorded. The peripheral vascular resistance (PR) was calculated by dividing respective mean BP values by ${\.{Q}}$ of both sides of common carotid and brachial arteries. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (f) and PH, $Po_{2},\;Pco_{2}$ and hematocrit of arterial and venous blood were also measured. The concentration of plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine was measured by radioenzymatic method. The results are summarized as follows: Tilting to head-down position from prone position, HR was initially increased (p<0.05) and BP was not significantly changed. While ${\.{Q}}$ of the common carotid artery was decreased (p<0.05) and PR through the head was increased, ${\.{Q}}$ of the brachial artery was increased (p<0.05) and PR through forelimbs was decreased. ${\.{Q}}$ of the forepaw was initially increased (p<0.05) and then slightly decreased, on the whole revealing an increasing trend. Plasma norepinephrine was slightly decreased and the epinephrine was slightly increased. f was increased and arterial pH was increased (p<0.05). In conclusion, the central blood pooling during HDT shows an increased HR via Bainbridge reflex and an increased ${\.{Q}}$ of the forepaw and brachial ${\.{Q}}$, due to decreased PR which may be originated from the depressor reflex of cardiopulmonary baroreceptors. It is suggested that the blood flow to the brain was adequately regulated throughout HDT $(-6^{\circ}C)$ in spite of central blood pooling. And it is apparent that the changes of plasma norepinephrine level are inversely proportional to those of ${\.{Q}}$ of the forepaw, and the changes of epinephrine level are paralleled with those of the brachial ${\.{Q}}$.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

Objectives : In this study, Folium Perillae were examined the possibility to apply as the cosmetics natural materials. Methods : Normal skin softener containing Folium Perillae extracts was manufactured and then its physiological activities function was experimented on. And emollient lotion containing Folium Perillae extracts was manufactured and then it was left under the condition of $-10^{\circ}C,\;0^{\circ}C$, room temperature and $37^{\circ}C$ for a month. Then its stability and safety were tested. Results : The physiological activities function of the normal skin softener was almost same with the electron donating ability, SOD like activity and xanthine oxidase inhibitory effect of Folium Perillae extracts. To find the changes of emollient lotion containing Folium Perillae extracts, the emollient lotion was left under the condition of $-10^{\circ}C,\;0^{\circ}C$, room temperature and $37^{\circ}C$ for a month. Then, when the emollient lotion was observed with the naked eye, pH, viscosity and particle diameter were measured, its changes were not nearly found. Futhermore, as a result of doing patch test to identify the safety of emollient lotion containing Folium Perillae extracts, there was no stimulus on skin. Conclusions : From the above results, it was expected that the physiological activities of Folium Perillae extracts can be maintained when cosmetics containing Folium Perillae extracts are manufactured. And it was proved that Folium Perillae extracts didn't affect the change of cosmetic when they were applied to cosmetic materials. And it was concluded that emollient lotion containing Folium Perillae extracts was safe for skin.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1194-1197
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• 2004

High temporal-resolution and accurate measurement of skin impedance locus provides useful data for the identification of the physiological/psychological changes and also the identification of acupuncture point. An impedance spectroscopy method using digitally constructed current waveform consisting of many frequency components (multiples of 1Hz) was reported3. The time resolution of the method depends on the lowest frequency used in the waveform construction, and therefore, the measurement would be faster if the lowest frequency is the higher. However, it was not clear that how many and how low frequencies must be used for the estimation of the skin impedance parameters from which the impedance locus can be drawn. This study shows the relationship between the estimation error of the impedance parameters and the frequency coverage of the spectroscopy. The results of this study are expected to serve as the reference of the frequency selection in the impedance spectroscopy.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.275-283
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• 2001

This study was performed to extract and analyze the biosignals to find the relationship between the level of anesthesia and the variations of physiological parameters during epidural anesthesia. Seven male and twenty female patients(ages from 45 to 70 years old) were participated for the experiment, and ECGs, PPGs, SKTs, SCRs were obtained during anesthesia. As results, the HF/LF ratios of HRV were decreased after the injection anesthetics. For skin temperatures, values measured from the palm was reduced and the temperatures from four channels, measured from armpit through the right side of the body, were increased. SCRs were decreased for all channels after the injection of anesthetics. However the heart rate and PPGs showed no significant changes. It was concluded that the injection of anesthetics result the changes in biosignals, and it could be explained by the degree of the sympathetic and/or parasympathetic nerve activities. Results of this study could provide the valuable information for the estimation of level for the spinal and general anesthesia, and could be extended to the development of a system which could quantify the level of anesthesia.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to offer acoustical database of warp knitted fabrics by investigating frictional sound properties and physiological responses according to structural parameters such as construction, lap form, and direction of mutual guide bar movement. Fabric sounds of seven warp knitted fabrics are recorded, and Zwicker's psychoacoustic param­eters - loudness(Z), sharpness(Z), roughness(Z), and fluctuation strength(Z) - are calculated. Also, physiological responses evoked by frictional sounds of warp knitted fabrics are measured such as electroencephalogram (EEG), the ratio of high fre­quency to low frequency (HF/LF), respiration rate (RESP), skin conductance level (SCL), and photoplethysmograph (PPG). In case of constructions, frictional sound of sharkskin having higher loudness(Z) and fluctuation strength(Z) increases RESP. By lap form, open lap has louder and larger fluctuating sound than closed lap, but there aren't significant difference of physi­ological responses between open lap and closed lap. In direction of mutual guide bar movement, parallel direction evokes bigger changes of beta wave than counter direction because of its loud, rough, and fluctuating sound. Fluctuation strength(Z) and roughness(Z) are defined as important factors for predicting physiological responses in construction and mutual guide bar movement, respectively.

• 대한인간공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한인간공학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.227-246
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• 1997

With a view of to providing basic data for designing male's and female's clothes, heslthy males and females(five each) were exposed to three different environmental temperature( $20{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ $28{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$,$32{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ in the nude. Their adaptation of skin temperature, physilogical responses, oral temperature, blood pressure, pulse rates) and psychological reactions (thermal, comfort and perceptive sweat sensations) were analyzed to be as follows; The subjects's skin temperature had a similar look of adaptation, but the stability of skin temperature differed at the $20{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$and at the $28{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ Males had higher skin temperatures at three environmental temperatures, but females showed a higher temperature change at the $20{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ and$28{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ and males at the $32{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ Thus females were more resistant to the cold, while male were more resistant to the heat. As environmental temperature increased, oral temperature and pulse rates also grew up. Females turned higher in oral temperature and lower in blood pressure, but both sexes had a normal range of physiological reactions. Even though three environmental temperature were same changes in thermal sensation at and in perceptive sweat sensation at $28{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$and in perceptive sweat sensation at$32{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ the two sexes had the same response in comfort sensation at the three environmental temperature.